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课外延伸-Values and Value Orientations Across Cultures资料文件与下载

课外延伸-Values and Value Orientations Across Cultures

Books(推荐书目)

Samovar, Larry A., Richard E. Porter, &Lisa A. Stefani. Communication between Cultures. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1998.

 

Yutang Lin. My Country and My People. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.

 

叶胜年.中西文化比较教程.上海外语教育出版社,2010.

Websites(推荐网址)

 

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-principlesofmanagement/chapter/dimensions-of-cultural-difference-and-their-effect/

 

https://www.crossculture.com/

Further Reading (拓展阅读)

Context of Cultures: High and Low

The content here is based on the following works by anthropologist Edward T. Hall, all of which were published in New York by Doubleday: The Silent Language (1959), The Hidden Dimension (1969), Beyond Culture (1976), and The Dance of Life (1983). 

 

The list below shows the kind of behavior that is generally found in high and low context cultures within five categories: how people relate to each other, how they communicate with each other, how they treat space, how they treat time, and how they learn. One thing to remember is that few cultures, and the people in them, are totally at one end of the spectrum or the other. They usually fall somewhere in between and may have a combination of high and low context characteristics.

 

HIGH CONTEXT (HC)

LOW CONTEXT (LC)

Association

 

Relationships depend on trust, build up slowly, are stable. One distinguishes between people inside and people outside one's circle.

How things get done depends on relationships with people and attention to group process.

 

One's identity is rooted in groups (family, culture, work).

Social structure and authority are centralized; responsibility is at the top. Person at top works for the good of the group.

 

 Association

 

Relationships begin and end quickly. Many people can be inside one's circle; circle's boundary is not clear.

Things get done by following procedures and paying attention to the goal.

 

One's identity is rooted in oneself and one's accomplishments.

 

Social structure is decentralized; responsibility goes further down (is not concentrated at the top).

 

Interaction

High use of nonverbal elements; voice tone, facial expression, gestures, and eye movement carry significant parts of conversation.         

 

Verbal message is implicit; context (situation, people, nonverbal elements) is more important than words.                

 

Verbal message is indirect; one talks  around the point and embellishes it.                 

 

Communication is seen as an art form—a way of engaging someone.                             

 

 

Disagreement is personalized. One is sensitive to conflict expressed in another's nonverbal communication. Conflict either must be solved before work can progress or must be avoided because it is personally threatening.

Interaction

Low use of nonverbal elements. Message is carried more by words than by nonverbal means.

 

 

Verbal message is explicit. Context is less important than words.

 

 

Verbal message is direct; one spells things out exactly.

 

 

Communication is seen as a way of exchanging information, ideas, and opinions. 

 

 

Disagreement is depersonalized. One withdraws from conflict with another and gets on with the task. Focus is on rational solutions, not personal ones. One can be explicit about another's bothersome behavior.

 

Territoriality

Space is communal; people stand close to each other, share the same space. 

Territoriality

Space is compartmentalized and privately owned; privacy is important, so people are farther apart.

Temporality

Everything has its own time. Time is not easily scheduled; needs of people may interfere with keeping to a set time. What is important is that activity gets done.

Change is slow. Things are rooted in the past, slow to change, and stable.                  

Time is a process; it belongs to others and to nature.    

 

Temporality

Things are scheduled to be done at particular times, one thing at a time. What is important is that activity is done efficiently.

 

Change is fast. One can make change and see immediate results.

Time is a commodity to be spent or saved. One’s time is one’s own.

 

Learning

Knowledge is embedded in the situation; things are connected, synthesized, and global. Multiple sources of information are used. Thinking is deductive, proceeds from general to specific.       

 

Learning occurs by first observing others as they model or demonstrate and then practicing. 

 

 

Groups are preferred for learning and problem solving.

 

Accuracy is valued. How well something is learned is important.    

 

Learning

Reality is fragmented and compartmentalized. One source of information is used to develop knowledge. Thinking is inductive, proceeds from specific to general. Focus is on detail.

 

Learning occurs by following explicit directions and explanations of others.

 

 

An individual orientation is preferred for learning and problem solving.

 

Speed is valued. How efficiently something is learned is important.

 

 

Source:  The 1993 Annual: Developing Human Resources. Pfeiffer & Company.

https://www2.pacific.edu/sis/culture/pub/Context_Cultures_High_and_Lo.htm


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跨文化交际课程列表:

Module 1: Understanding Intercultural Communication

-1.1 Culture & Its Elements

--Culture & Its Elements

-1.2 Characteristics of Culture

--Characteristics of Culture

-1.3 Metaphors of Culture

--Metaphors of Culture

-1.4 Basics of Communication

--Basics of Communication

-1.5 Intercultural Communication

--Intercultural Communication

-课后习题-Understanding Intercultural Communication

-讨论-Understanding Intercultural Communication

-课外延伸-Understanding Intercultural Communication

Module 2: Values and Value Orientations Across Cultures

-2.1 The Kluckhohns and Strodtbeck’s Value Orientations

--The Kluckhohns and Strodtbeck’s Value Orientations

-2.2 Hofstede’s Value Dimensions

--Hofstede’s Value Dimensions

-2.3 Hall’s High-context and Low-context Orientations

--Hall’s High-context and Low-context Orientations

-2.4 Face and Facework

--Face and Facework

-2.5 Dominant Chinese Cultural Patterns

--Dominant Chinese Cultural Patterns

-2.6 Dominant United States Cultural Patterns

--Dominant United States Cultural Patterns

-课后习题-Values and Value Orientations Across Cultures

-讨论-Values and Value Orientations Across Cultures

-课外延伸-Values and Value Orientations Across Cultures

Module 3: Language and Culture

-3.1 The Relationship between Language and Culture

--The Relationship between Language and Culture

-3.2 Cultural differences in Words and their Meaning

--Cultural differences in Words and their Meaning

-3.3 Cultural Differences in Daily Conversations

--Cultural Differences in Daily Conversations

-3.4 Communication Styles

--Communication Styles

-课后习题-Language and Culture

-讨论-Language and Culture

-课外延伸-Language and Culture

Module 4: Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures

-4.1 Basics of Nonverbal Communication

--Basics of Nonverbal Communication

-4.2 Body Language

--Body Language

-4.3 Time

--Time

-4.4 Space and Touch

--Space and Touch

-Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures

-讨论-Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures

-课外延伸-Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures

Module 5: Cultural Influences on Various Contexts

-5.1 Cultural Influences on Education

--Cultural Influences on Education

-5.2 Traditional Chinese Medicine Vs. Western Medicine

--Traditional Chinese Medicine Vs. Western Medicine

-5.3 Major Tea Cultures in the World

--Major Tea Cultures in the World

-5.4 Cultural Influences on Politics

--Cultural Influences on Politics

-课后习题-Cultural Influences on Various Contexts

-讨论-Cultural Influences on Various Contexts

-课外延伸-Cultural Influences on Various Contexts

Module 6: Gender and Communication Across Cultures

-6.1 Sex and Gender

--Sex and Gender

-6.2 Gender Roles across Cultures

--Gender Roles across Cultures

-6.3 Sexist Language

--Sexist Language

-6.4 Cross-gender Communication

--Cross-gender Communication

-课后习题-Gender and Communication Across Cultures

-讨论-Gender and Communication Across Cultures

-课外延伸-Gender and Communication Across Cultures

Module 7: Intercultural Communication in Business Setting

-7.1 Business Negotiation across Cultures

--Business Negotiation across Cultures

-7.2 Business Protocols across Cultures

--Business Protocols across Cultures

-7.3 Conflict Management across Cultures

--Conflict Management across Cultures

-7.4 Cultural Impact on Global Marketing

--Cultural Impact on Global Marketing

-7.5 Business Leadership across Cultures

--Business Leadership across Cultures

-课后习题-Intercultural Communication in Business Setting

-讨论-Intercultural Communication in Business Setting

-课外延伸-Intercultural Communication in Business Setting

Module 8: Communication Across “Belt and Road “Countries

-8.1 Introduction to the Belt and Road Initiative

--Introduction to the Belt and Road Initiative

-8.2 The Cultural Foundations of the Belt and Road Initiative

--The Cultural Foundations of the Belt and Road Initiative

-8.3 Globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative

--Globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative

-8.4 Language Communication in the Belt and Road Construction

--Language Communication in the Belt and Road Construction

-课后习题-Communication Across “Belt and Road “Countries

-讨论-Communication Across “Belt and Road “Countries

-课外延伸-Communication Across “Belt and Road “Countries

Module 9: A cross-Cultural Dialogue Toward a Community of Shared Future for Mankind

-9.1 Global Challenges Facing Humankind

--Global Challenges Facing Humankind

-9.2 Stereotyping, Prejudice and Ethnocentrism

--Stereotyping, Prejudice and Ethnocentrism

-9.3 Intercultural Communication Toward a Community of Shared Future

--Intercultural Communication Toward a Community of Shared Future

-课后习题-A cross-Cultural Dialogue Toward a Community of Shared Future for Mankind

-讨论-A cross-Cultural Dialogue Toward a Community of Shared Future for Mankind

-课外延伸-A cross-Cultural Dialogue Toward a Community of Shared Future for Mankind

Module 10: Developing Intercultural Competence as a Global Citizen

-10.1 Cultural Shock

--Cultural Shock

-10.2 Acculturation

--Acculturation

-10.3 The Concept of Intercultural Communication Competence

--The Concept of Intercultural Communication Competence

-10.4 The Components of Intercultural Communication Competence

--The Components of Intercultural Communication Competence

-10.5 Improving Intercultural Communication Competence

--Improving Intercultural Communication Competence

-课后习题-Developing Intercultural Competence as a Global Citizen

-讨论-Developing Intercultural Competence as a Global Citizen

-课外延伸-Developing Intercultural Competence as a Global Citizen

课外延伸-Values and Value Orientations Across Cultures笔记与讨论

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