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1.0.2 Video

1.0 Introduction

1 Hi, welcome to my class, the History of Western Civilization. This is the Introduction. My name Liu Junyang, from the University of International Relations. Let’s start with some photos.

2 The Parthenon temple of goddess Athena from the ancient Greece

3 Remember the Socratic paradox "I know one thing that I know nothing". I think at this moment Socrates is saying I know one thing that I will die, but I’m not afraid. I refused to escape because I respect the Athenian law.

4 Nike the winged goddess of victory, and Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci.

5 The University of Bologna, Italy, The first university in the world from 1088.

6 Birth of Venus by Botticelli during the Italian Renaissance.

7 The Creation of Adam and Eve from Michelangelo’s fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in The Vatican.

8 Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix. The best expression of the spirit of the French revolution.

9 Arc de Triomphe in Paris. This gate of victory honors those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This street is the famous Champs Elysees.

10 The Palace of Westminster in London, the meeting place of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

11 The National Mall in Washington D.C. You can see the Capitol Hill, The Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.

12. All these photos are so beautiful and powerful. They showed the glories of the Western civilization. However, learning this class critical thinking is important. We can’t forget the dark side of the western Civilization. The terrible wars, the Spanish Inquisition, the bloody slave trade, the brutal colonization, the crimes of the Holocaust committed by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.

This is a French political cartoon from 1898, China - The Cake of Kings And Emperors. We can see how powerless is this Great Qing official when he is watching China being divided up by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, the German king, the Russian king, the goddess Marianne of France and a samurai of Japan. Since the Opium War China had become a piece of cake to the western powers, so many unequal treaties signed, so many territories lost.

13. China has changed a lot. We just celebrated the 70th anniversary of the new China. Today’s China is no more a weak country but one of the most powerful countries in the world, and we are playing a more important role in the international community.

The world also changed a lot. This class is about the history of the Western world, but we should also try to understand today’s world. We should try to understand President Xi’s initiative of Building an International Community with a Shared Future for Mankind. This imitative and a New Type of International Relations of Win-Win Cooperation are the two pillars of Chinese foreign policy today.

On 15 May 2019, The Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations took place in Beijing. In his speech at the opening ceremony, President Xi said: “It is foolish to believe that one's race and civilization are superior to others, and it is disastrous to willfully reshape or even replace other civilizations”.

14. I took part in the Think Tank Forum on “Mutual Learning Among Asian Civilizations and Building a Community With a Shared Future for Mankind”. This forum organized by my university and the Global Institute of Strategy, Chinese Academic of social Sciences. It is part of the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations. I made a speech The World Need Dialogue Not Clash, which published in the English newspaper Shanghai Daily. Let me share some of my ideas:

Attitude of Superiority

In 1793 the British envoy George Macartney came to Beijing, he refused to kowtow to the Chinese emperor, finally Qianlong received him. Qianlong told him proudly “The Celestial Empire is abundant for everything. Nothing we don’t have. We don’t need trade barbarian goods”. In the early days of the human history all civilizations thought they are the center of the world, their race and culture are superior to others and all others are barbarians. This attitude is natural and understandable during that time. However, as the contacts and communication between civilizations have become more extensive and deeper, this attitude became foolish. If one civilization uses this attitude of superiority as an excuse to conquer and convert others that will be disastrous, western colonization is a horrible example. The slogan of the colonists is “God, Gold and Glory”. Huntingdon said: “the West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.”

15. Modernization Is Not Westernization

After the Cold War, Francis Fukuyama predicted, “the end of history is the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government. There is only one way for all the country that is the Western democracy because it is universal”. I think he drank too much to celebrate the victory of the cold war. Fukuyama’s teacher Huntingdon disagreed with him. The motive of the clash of civilization theory was Huntingdon’s worry of the decline of the West and the rising of the East. Many people criticized his prejudice to the non-western civilizations. However, I think his theory provided a meaningful warning and a new paradigm to look at the international politics after the Cold War. He wrote, “What I expect is that my efforts to raise awareness of the dangers of the clash of civilizations will help to promote dialogue among civilizations throughout the world." He wrote “If non-Western societies are to modernize, they must do it their own way not the Western way”. His book published in 1996, 13 years passed, history has proved his prediction.  

16. My Dream of a Roundtable Meeting

One day I dreamt a roundtable meeting of Jesus Christ, Shakyamuni, Confucius, Plato and the Prophet Muhammad. What happened? They had a very nice and wise dialogue instead of fighting each other. Of cause, they have differences but they all taught about love, peace, kindness and tolerance. Are they satisfied about today’s world? They may not, because we still have so many conflicts. Following their teaching, people from different civilizations have no reason not to coexist peacefully. To coexist we need dialogue among civilizations. The principle of dialogue should be to listen, to learn and to appreciate, not to convert, to convince and to influence. It is not about how right and how beautiful you are, it is about how right and how beautiful the others are.

17. Let’s look at two western theories.

Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations. Huntington believes cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world, and there would be two major Clashes. Between West and Islamic, and between West and Sinic. Sinic means Chinese.

Joseph Nye’ theory of soft power. Soft power is the ability to achieve one's goals not by force but by diplomacy, persuasion and the attraction of culture and political value. Recently there is a new kind of China threat theory, Sharp Power. Some Americans demonized China and Russia using media and cultural activities to influence public opinion around the world.

18. Learning this class, we should always think these questions: What’s the soft power of the western and Chinese civilization? How to increase Chinese soft power? Will there be a clash between the western and Chines civilization? Is the peaceful rise of China a threat to the whole world? Why we need dialogue among civilizations? Why the world need to build an International Community with Shared Fortune?

19. OK. Let’s look at the content of this class

Early Greece, Classical and Hellenistic Greece, Ancient Roman Civilization 1, Ancient Roman Civilization 2, Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation, West in the Seventeenth century and west in the Eighteenth Century. I am sorry to say because one semester is too short, this class could only cover the 18th Century, for the 19th and 20th centuries I can only gave a very brief introduction.

20 Why teach in English

I am not teaching English, I am teaching in English. I used to work as an English interpreter and tour guild for 20 years. I used to live in Europe and US as visiting scholars. I have been learning English for 40 years, and English has been my working language for 30 years. From my learning, teaching and working experiences. I found many students have the same problem I called it Walking Stick Dependency Syndrome. Learning English, most students can reach the intermediate level. Something like the level of CET Band 4, but going further seems very difficult. Selinker’s Interlanguage theory called this phenomenon fossilization. The progress of learning stopped, and fossilized like dinosaurs. Interlanguage means your English is not pure English but a mixture of Chinese and English. Our brain has enough room for two languages stored and operate separately. Computer and cell phone can work in Chinese or English but never bilingually. By the way, maybe you can try to change the working language of your phone and computer into English. Believe me that will be fun. You can’t always rely on Chinese to help your English. Walking Stick is Chinese. If you are strong enough you don’t need a stick to walk. Get rid of it. Don’t say your English isn’t good enough to take this class. No, I don’t think so. I think your English is good enough because you had already passed the English exam of Gaokao and became university students now. Your English is good enough.

21. How to study?

I have 3 Requirements

1. Before watching the video please read the subtitles and check the new words. I will send you all the subtitles. I am writing a textbook, A Brief History of Western Civilization based on these subtitles, it will be published soon.

2. Study the key words and questions. You need a notebook to write down the definitions of the key words and answers of the questions.

3. Please finish all the exercises on time

22. I have three suggestions

1. Read classics

I am a passionate reader. How many English books I have read? Maybe 400. Some of them are real classics, like Homer’s epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations, Machiavelli’s the Prince, Thomas More’s Utopia, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Confessions, Bertrand Russell’s A History of Western Philosophy. I am not asking you to read these books right now, too difficult, but hope you would read at least one classical book every semester. 

Let Plato be your friend, and Aristotle, but more let your friend be truth. This is not the school motto of the Harvard University. Isaac Newton wrote it. We should read Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, but the most important thing is to seek the truth. I can’t remember who said that in the university the most important thing is to get you in touch with what the greatest minds have thought.

What are the western classics? Please search online the Harvard Classics; It’s a 51-volume anthology of classic works of the world recommended by the Harvard University president Charles W. Eliot in 1909. Most of the works from the west. An anthology is a collection of writings by different writers.

23. 2.Read in English

How many years you have been learning English? More than 10, right? I always say it is shameful to read English books in Chinese translation if you have been learning English for more than 10 years.

3.Search in English

Search in Chinese we Baidu, but search in English. I want you Google, Bing, Yahoo, Britannica, Wikipedia, and hope you can often go to some western websites like BBC, CNN, and the New York Times. One more thing, there are many online dictionaries, You’d better use an English-English dictionary, not an English-Chinese one. And you should often look at maps, Bing maps in English is a very good one.

24. I have eight books here. Hope you can read at least one each semester. You’d better read it in English. Marcus Aurelius: Meditations, Niccolo Machiavelli: the Prince, Thomas More: Utopia, Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Confessions, Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws, Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations, Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities, George Orwell: Nineteen Eighty-Four

25. Look at this book, A Brief History of Western Civilization, the Unfinished Legacy by Mark Kishlansky, Geary and O'Brien. You can see some notes I wrote there, this is my reading habit. It is a textbook in many American universities. 600 pages. Don’t be afraid I’m not asking you to read it, too difficult, but I suggest you to try.

26. These are the key words

Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind, Walking Stick Dependency Syndrome, Harvard Classics, Clash of Civilizations, Soft power, Mark Kishlansky: A Brief History of Western Civilization.

This is the introduction of this class. Thank you for taking this class, and hope you will enjoy it.


下一节:1.1.1 Text

返回《History of Western Civilization 全英文西方文明史》慕课在线视频列表

1.0.2 Video课程教案、知识点、字幕

Hi welcome to my class

the History of Western Civilization

This is the Introduction

My name Liu Junyang

from the University of International Relations

Let's start with some photos

The Parthenon temple of goddess Athena

from the ancient Greece

Remember the Socratic paradox

I know one thing that I know nothing

I think at this moment Socrates is saying

I know one thing that I will die

but I'm not afraid I refused to escape

because I respect the Athenian law

Nike the winged goddess of victory

and Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci

The University of Bologna Italy

The first university in the world

from 1088

Birth of Venus by Botticelli

during the Italian Renaissance

The Creation of Adam and Eve from

Michelangelo's

fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

in The Vatican

Liberty Leading the People by

Eugene Delacroix

The best expression of the spirit

of the French revolution

Arc de Triomphe in Paris

This gate of victory honors

those who fought and died for France

in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

This street is the famous Champs Elysees

The Palace of Westminster in London

the meeting place of the Parliament

of the United Kingdom

The National Mall in Washington D C

You can see the Capitol Hill

The Washington Monument

and the Lincoln Memorial

All these photos are so

beautiful and powerful

They showed the glories

of the Western civilization

However learning this class

critical thinking is important

We can't forget the dark side

of the western Civilization

The terrible wars

the Spanish Inquisition

the bloody slave trade

the brutal colonization

the crimes of the Holocaust

committed

by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party

This is a French political cartoon

from 1898 China

The Cake of Kings And Emperors

We can see how powerless

is this Great Qing official

when he is watching China being divided up

by Queen Victoria

of the United Kingdom

the German king

the Russian king

the goddess

Marianne of France

and a samurai of Japan

Since the Opium War

China had become

a piece of cake to the western powers

so many unequal treaties signed

so many territories lost

China has changed a lot

We just celebrated the 70th anniversary

of the new China

Today's China is no more a weak country

but one of the most powerful countries

in the world

and we are playing

a more important role

in the international community

The world also changed a lot

This class is about the history

of the Western world

but we should also try to understand

today's world

We should try to understand

President Xi's initiative

of Building an International Community

with a Shared Future for Mankind

This imitative

and a New Type of International Relations

of Win Win Cooperation are the two pillars

of Chinese foreign policy today

On 15 May 2019

The Conference on Dialogue of

Asian Civilizations

took place in Beijing

In his speech at the opening ceremony

President Xi said

It is foolish

to believe that one's race

and civilization are superior to others

and it is disastrous

to willfully reshape or even replace other civilizations

I took part in the Think Tank Forum

on Mutual Learning Among Asian Civilizations

and Building a Community

With a Shared Future for Mankind

This forum

organized by my university

and the Global Institute of Strategy

Chinese Academic of social Sciences

It is part of the Conference

on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations

I made a speech

The World Need Dialogue Not Clash

which published

in the English newspaper Shanghai Daily

Let me share some of my ideas

Attitude of Superiority

In 1793 the British envoy

George Macartney came to Beijing

He refused to kowtow

to the Chinese emperor

Finally Qianlong received him

Qianlong told him proudly

The Celestial Empire

is abundant for everything

Nothing we don't have

We don't need trade barbarian goods

In the early days of the human history

all civilizations

thought they are the center of the world

their race and culture are superior to others

and all others are barbarians

This attitude is

natural and understandable during that time

However

as the contacts

and communication

between civilizations have become more

extensive and deeper

this attitude became foolish

If one civilization

uses this attitude of superiority

as an excuse to conquer and convert others

that will be disastrous

Western colonization is a horrible example

The slogan of the colonists

is God Gold and Glory

Huntingdon said

the West won the world

not by the superiority of its ideas or values

or religion

but rather by its superiority

in applying organized violence

Westerners often forget this fact

none Westerners never do

Modernization Is Not Westernization

After the Cold War

Francis Fukuyama predicted

the end of history is the end point

of mankind's ideological evolution

and the universalization of

Western liberal democracy

as the final form of human government

There is only one way for all the country

that is the Western democracy

because it is universal

I think he drank too much

to celebrate the victory of the cold war

Fukuyama's teacher Huntingdon disagreed with him

The motive of the clash of civilization theory

was Huntingdon's worry

of the decline of the West

and the rising of the East

Many people criticized his prejudice

to the none western civilizations

However I think his theory

provided a meaningful warning

and a new paradigm to look at the international politics

after the Cold War

He wrote What I expect is that

my efforts to raise awareness

of the dangers of the clash of civilizations

will help

to promote dialogue among civilizations

throughout the world

He wrote If non Western societies

are to modernize

they must do it their own way

not the Western way

His book published in 1996

13 years passed

history has proved his prediction

My Dream of a Roundtable Meeting

One day I dreamt

a roundtable meeting of Jesus Christ

Shakyamuni Confucius Plato

and the Prophet Muhammad

What happened

They had a very nice and wise dialogue

instead of fighting each other

Of cause they have differences

but they all taught about love peace kindness and tolerance

Are they satisfied about today's world

They may not

because we still have so many conflicts

Following their teaching

people from different civilizations

have no reason not to coexist peacefully

To coexist

we need dialogue among civilizations

The principle of dialogue

should be to listen to learn and to appreciate

not to convert to convince and to influence

It is not about how right and how beautiful you are

It is about how right and how beautiful

the others are

Let's look at two western theories

Samuel Huntington's Clash of Civilizations

Huntington believes

cultural and religious identities

will be the primary source of conflict

in the post Cold War world

and there would be two major Clashes

Between West and Islamic

and between West and Sinic

Sinic means Chinese

Joseph Nye's theory of Soft Power

Soft power is the ability to achieve

one's goals not by force but by diplomacy

persuasion and the attraction of culture and political value

Recently there is a new kind of China Threat Theory

Sharp Power Some Americans demonized China

and Russia using media and cultural activities

to influence public opinion around the world

Learning this class

we should always think these questions

What's the soft power of the western and Chinese civilization

How to increase Chinese soft power

Will there be a clash

between the western and Chines civilization

Is the peaceful rise of China

a threat to the whole world

Why we need dialogue among civilizations

Why the world need

to build an International Community

with Shared Fortune

OK Let's look at the content of this class

Early Greece

Classical and Hellenistic Greece

Ancient Roman Civilization 1

Ancient Roman Civilization 2

Middle Ages

Renaissance and Reformation

West in the Seventeenth century

and west in the Eighteenth Century

I am sorry to say

because one semester is too short

This class

could only cover the 18th Century

for the 19th and 20th centuries

I can only gave a very brief introduction.

Why teach in English

I am not teaching English

I am teaching in English

I used to work as an English interpreter

and tour guild for 20 years

I used to live in Europe and US

as visiting scholars

I have been learning English for 40 years

and English has been my working language

for 30 years

From my learning teaching and working experiences

I found many students

have the same problem I called it

Walking Stick Dependency Syndrome

Learning English

most students can reach

the intermediate level

Something like the level of CET Band 4

But going further seems very difficult

Selinker's Interlanguage theory called this

phenomenon fossilization

The progress of learning stopped and fossilized

like dinosaurs

Interlanguage means your English is not pure English

but a mixture of Chinese and English

Our brain has enough room for two languages

stored and operate separately

Computer and cell phone can work in Chinese

or English but never bilingually

By the way maybe you can

try to change the working language

of your phone

and computer into English

Believe me that will be fun

You can't always rely on Chinese to help your English

Walking Stick is Chinese

If you are strong enough

you don't need a stick to walk

Get rid of it

Don't say your English

isn't good enough to take this class

No I don't think so

I think your English is good enough

because you had already passed

the English exam of Gaokao

and became university students now

Your English is good enough

How to study

I have 3 Requirements

1 Before watching the video please read

the subtitles and check the new words

I will send you all the subtitles

I am writing a textbook

A Brief History of Western Civilization

based on these subtitles

It will be published soon

2 Study the key words and questions

You need a notebook to write down the definitions of the key words

and answers

of the questions

3 Please finish all the exercises on time

I have three suggestions

1 Read classics

I am a passionate reader How many English books I have read

Maybe 400

Some of them are real classics like Homer's epic poems

the Iliad and the Odyssey

Marcus Aurelius's Meditations

Machiavelli's the Prince

Thomas More's Utopia

Jean Jacques Rousseau's Confessions

Bertrand Russell's A History of Western Philosophy

I am not asking you to read these books right now

too difficult

but hope you would read at least one classical book

every semester

Let Plato be your friend and Aristotle

but more let your friend be truth

This is not the school motto of the Harvard University

Isaac Newton wrote it

We should read Plato Aristotle Confucius

but the most important thing is to seek the truth

I can't remember who said that

In the university

the most important thing is to

get you in touch

with what the greatest minds have thought

What are the western classics

Please search online the Harvard Classics

It's a 51 volume anthology

of classic works of the world

recommended by the Harvard University president

Charles W Eliot

in 1909

Most of the works from the west

An anthology is

a collection of writings by different writers

2 Read in English

How many years you have been learning English

More than 10 right

I always say

it is shameful

to read English books in Chinese translation

if you have been learning English

for more than 10 years

3 Search in English

Search in Chinese we Baidu

but search in English I want you Google Bing Yahoo

Britannica Wikipedia

and hope you can often go to some western websites

like BBC CNN and the New York Times

One more thing there are many online dictionaries

You’d better use an English English dictionary

not an English Chinese one

And you should often look at maps

Bing maps in English is a very good one

I have eight books here

Hope you can read at least one each semester

You’d better read it in English

Marcus Aurelius Meditations

Niccolo Machiavelli the Prince

Thomas More Utopia

Jean Jacques Rousseau Confessions

Montesquieu The Spirit of the Laws

Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations

Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities

George Orwell Nineteen Eighty Four

Look at this book

A Brief History of Western Civilization the Unfinished Legacy

by Mark Kishlansky Geary and OBrien

You can see some notes I wrote there

This is my reading habit

It is a textbook in many American universities

600 pages

Don't be afraid I'm not asking you to read it

too difficult but I suggest you to try

These are the key words

Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

Walking Stick Dependency Syndrome

Harvard Classics

Clash of Civilizations

Soft power

Mark Kishlansky A Brief History of Western Civilization

This is the introduction of this class

Thank you for taking this class

and hope you will enjoy it

History of Western Civilization 全英文西方文明史课程列表:

Chapter 1 Early Greece

-1.0 Introduction

--1.0.1 Text

--1.0.2 Video

--1.0.3 Exercises

-1.1 Greek Bronze Age and Dark Age

--1.1.1 Text

--1.1.2 Video

--1.1.3 Exercises

-1.2 Greek Gods

--1.2.1 Text

--1.2.2 Video

--1.2.3 Exercises

-1.3 Archaic Greece

--1.3.1 Text

--1.3.2 Video

--1.3.3 Exercises

-1.4 Athens and the Persian Wars

--1.4.1 Text

--1.4.2 Video

--1.4.3 Exercises

-1.5 Discussion

--1.5.1 Discussion Topics

Chapter 2 Classical and Hellenistic Greece

-2.1 War and politics in the fifth century BC

--2.1.1 Text

--2.1.2 Video

--2.1.3 Exercises

-2.2 Greece in the fourth century BC

--2.2.1 Text

--2.2.2 Video

--2.2.3 Exercises

-2.3 Classical Greek Philosophy

--2.3.1 Text

--2.3.2 Video

--2.3.3 Exercises

-2.4 Athenian Drama

--2.4.1 Text

--2.4.2 Video

--2.4.3 Exercises

-2.5 Alexander the Great and Hellenistic World

--2.5.1 Text

--2.5.2 Video

--2.5.3 Exercises

-2.6 Discussion

--2.6.1 Discussion Topics

Chapter 3 Ancient Civilization 1

-3.1 Roman Kingdom

--3.1.1 Text

--3.1.2 Video

--3.1.3 Exercises

-3.2 Early Republic

--3.2.1 Text

--3.2.2 Video

--3.2.3 Exercises

-3.3 Mid-Republic

--3.3.1 Text

--3.3.2 Video

--3.3.3 Exercises

-3.4 Late-Republic

--3.4.1 Text

--3.4.2 Video

--3.4.3 Exercises

-3.5 End of the Republic

--3.5.1 Text

--3.5.2 Video

--3.5.3 Exercises

-3.6 Discussion

--3.6.1 Discussion Topics

Chapter 4 Ancient Roman Civilization 2

-4.1 Pax Romana 1

--4.1.1 Text

--4.1.2 Video

--4.1.3 Excecises

-4.2 Pax Romana 2

--4.2.1 Text

--4.2.2 Video

--4.2.3 Excecises

-4.3 Crisis of the Third Century and Constantine

--4.3.1 Text

--4.3.2 Video

--4.3.3 Excecises

-4.4 The Victory of Christianity

--4.4.1 Text

--4.4.2 Video

--4.4.3 Exercises

-4.5 The Fall of the Roman Empire

--4.5.1 Text

--4.5.2 Video

--4.5.3 Exercises

-4.6 Discussion

--4.6.1 Discussion topic

Chapter 5 Middle Ages

-5.1 Early Middle Ages

--5.1.1 Text

--5.1.2 Video

--5.1.3 Excecises

-5.2 Carolingian Dynasty

--5.2.1 Text

--5.2.2 Video

--5.2.3 Excecises

-5.3 High Middle Ages

--5.3.1 Text

--5.3.2 Video

--5.3.3 Excecises

-5.4 Late Middle Ages 1

--5.4.1 Text

--5.4.2 Video

--5.4.1 Excecises

-5.5 Late Middle Ages 2

--5.5.1 Text

--5.5.2 Video

--5.5.3 Excecises

-5.6 Discussion

--5.6.1 Discussion Topics

Chapter 6 Renaissance and Reformation

-6.1 The Renaissance

--6.1.1 Text

--6.1.2 Video

--6.1.3 Exercises

-6.2 Protestant Reformation

--6.2.1 Text

--6.2.2 Video

--6.2.3 Exercises

-6.3 Italian Wars and Rise of Russia

--6.3.1 Text

--6.3.2 Video

--6.3.3 Exercises

-6.4 Age of Discovery

--6.4.1 Text

--6.4.2 Video

--6.4.3 Exercises

-6.5 French War of Religion and Russia’s Time of Trouble

--6.5.1 Text

--6.5.2 Video

--6.5.3 Exercises

-6.6 Discussion

--6.6.1 Discussion Topics

Chapter 7 West in the Seventeenth Century

-7.1 The Thirty Years War

--7.1.1 Text

--7.1.2 Video

--7.1.3 Exercises

-7.2 English Revolution

--7.2.1 Text

--7.2.2 Video

--7.2.3 Exercises

-7.3 Three Absolute Monarchs

--7.3.1 Text

--7.3.2 Video

--7.3.3 Exercises

-7.4 Dutch Golden Age

--7.4.1 Text

--7.4.2 Video

--7.4.3 Exercises

-7.5 Science and Culture in the 17th Century

--7.5 Text

--7.5.2 Video

--7.5.3 Exercises

-7.6 Discussion

--7.6.1 Discussion Topics

Chapter 8 West in the Eighteenth Century

-8.1 The United Kingdom

--8.1.1 Text

--8.1.2 Video

--8.1.3 Exercises

-8.2 The American Revolution

--8.2.1 Text

--8.2.2 Video

--8.2.3 Exercises

-8.3 The French Revolution

--8.3.1 Text

--8.3.2 Video

--8.3.3 Exercises

-8.4 Age of Enlightenment

--8.4.1 Text

--8.4.2 Video

--8.4.3 Exercises

-8.5 West after the 18th century

--8.5.1 Text

--8.5.2 Video

--8.5.3 Exercises

-8.6 Discussion

--8.6.1 Discussion Topics

1.0.2 Video笔记与讨论

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