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1.0 Introduction
1 Hi, welcome to my class, the History of Western Civilization. This is the Introduction. My name Liu Junyang, from the University of International Relations. Let’s start with some photos.
2 The Parthenon temple of goddess Athena from the ancient Greece
3 Remember the Socratic paradox "I know one thing that I know nothing". I think at this moment Socrates is saying I know one thing that I will die, but I’m not afraid. I refused to escape because I respect the Athenian law.
4 Nike the winged goddess of victory, and Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci.
5 The University of Bologna, Italy, The first university in the world from 1088.
6 Birth of Venus by Botticelli during the Italian Renaissance.
7 The Creation of Adam and Eve from Michelangelo’s fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in The Vatican.
8 Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix. The best expression of the spirit of the French revolution.
9 Arc de Triomphe in Paris. This gate of victory honors those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This street is the famous Champs Elysees.
10 The Palace of Westminster in London, the meeting place of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
11 The National Mall in Washington D.C. You can see the Capitol Hill, The Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
12. All these photos are so beautiful and powerful. They showed the glories of the Western civilization. However, learning this class critical thinking is important. We can’t forget the dark side of the western Civilization. The terrible wars, the Spanish Inquisition, the bloody slave trade, the brutal colonization, the crimes of the Holocaust committed by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.
This is a French political cartoon from 1898, China - The Cake of Kings And Emperors. We can see how powerless is this Great Qing official when he is watching China being divided up by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, the German king, the Russian king, the goddess Marianne of France and a samurai of Japan. Since the Opium War China had become a piece of cake to the western powers, so many unequal treaties signed, so many territories lost.
13. China has changed a lot. We just celebrated the 70th anniversary of the new China. Today’s China is no more a weak country but one of the most powerful countries in the world, and we are playing a more important role in the international community.
The world also changed a lot. This class is about the history of the Western world, but we should also try to understand today’s world. We should try to understand President Xi’s initiative of Building an International Community with a Shared Future for Mankind. This imitative and a New Type of International Relations of Win-Win Cooperation are the two pillars of Chinese foreign policy today.
On 15 May 2019, The Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations took place in Beijing. In his speech at the opening ceremony, President Xi said: “It is foolish to believe that one's race and civilization are superior to others, and it is disastrous to willfully reshape or even replace other civilizations”.
14. I took part in the Think Tank Forum on “Mutual Learning Among Asian Civilizations and Building a Community With a Shared Future for Mankind”. This forum organized by my university and the Global Institute of Strategy, Chinese Academic of social Sciences. It is part of the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations. I made a speech The World Need Dialogue Not Clash, which published in the English newspaper Shanghai Daily. Let me share some of my ideas:
Attitude of Superiority
In 1793 the British envoy George Macartney came to Beijing, he refused to kowtow to the Chinese emperor, finally Qianlong received him. Qianlong told him proudly “The Celestial Empire is abundant for everything. Nothing we don’t have. We don’t need trade barbarian goods”. In the early days of the human history all civilizations thought they are the center of the world, their race and culture are superior to others and all others are barbarians. This attitude is natural and understandable during that time. However, as the contacts and communication between civilizations have become more extensive and deeper, this attitude became foolish. If one civilization uses this attitude of superiority as an excuse to conquer and convert others that will be disastrous, western colonization is a horrible example. The slogan of the colonists is “God, Gold and Glory”. Huntingdon said: “the West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence. Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.”
15. Modernization Is Not Westernization
After the Cold War, Francis Fukuyama predicted, “the end of history is the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government. There is only one way for all the country that is the Western democracy because it is universal”. I think he drank too much to celebrate the victory of the cold war. Fukuyama’s teacher Huntingdon disagreed with him. The motive of the clash of civilization theory was Huntingdon’s worry of the decline of the West and the rising of the East. Many people criticized his prejudice to the non-western civilizations. However, I think his theory provided a meaningful warning and a new paradigm to look at the international politics after the Cold War. He wrote, “What I expect is that my efforts to raise awareness of the dangers of the clash of civilizations will help to promote dialogue among civilizations throughout the world." He wrote “If non-Western societies are to modernize, they must do it their own way not the Western way”. His book published in 1996, 13 years passed, history has proved his prediction.
16. My Dream of a Roundtable Meeting
One day I dreamt a roundtable meeting of Jesus Christ, Shakyamuni, Confucius, Plato and the Prophet Muhammad. What happened? They had a very nice and wise dialogue instead of fighting each other. Of cause, they have differences but they all taught about love, peace, kindness and tolerance. Are they satisfied about today’s world? They may not, because we still have so many conflicts. Following their teaching, people from different civilizations have no reason not to coexist peacefully. To coexist we need dialogue among civilizations. The principle of dialogue should be to listen, to learn and to appreciate, not to convert, to convince and to influence. It is not about how right and how beautiful you are, it is about how right and how beautiful the others are.
17. Let’s look at two western theories.
Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations. Huntington believes cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world, and there would be two major Clashes. Between West and Islamic, and between West and Sinic. Sinic means Chinese.
Joseph Nye’ theory of soft power. Soft power is the ability to achieve one's goals not by force but by diplomacy, persuasion and the attraction of culture and political value. Recently there is a new kind of China threat theory, Sharp Power. Some Americans demonized China and Russia using media and cultural activities to influence public opinion around the world.
18. Learning this class, we should always think these questions: What’s the soft power of the western and Chinese civilization? How to increase Chinese soft power? Will there be a clash between the western and Chines civilization? Is the peaceful rise of China a threat to the whole world? Why we need dialogue among civilizations? Why the world need to build an International Community with Shared Fortune?
19. OK. Let’s look at the content of this class
Early Greece, Classical and Hellenistic Greece, Ancient Roman Civilization 1, Ancient Roman Civilization 2, Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation, West in the Seventeenth century and west in the Eighteenth Century. I am sorry to say because one semester is too short, this class could only cover the 18th Century, for the 19th and 20th centuries I can only gave a very brief introduction.
20 Why teach in English
I am not teaching English, I am teaching in English. I used to work as an English interpreter and tour guild for 20 years. I used to live in Europe and US as visiting scholars. I have been learning English for 40 years, and English has been my working language for 30 years. From my learning, teaching and working experiences. I found many students have the same problem I called it Walking Stick Dependency Syndrome. Learning English, most students can reach the intermediate level. Something like the level of CET Band 4, but going further seems very difficult. Selinker’s Interlanguage theory called this phenomenon fossilization. The progress of learning stopped, and fossilized like dinosaurs. Interlanguage means your English is not pure English but a mixture of Chinese and English. Our brain has enough room for two languages stored and operate separately. Computer and cell phone can work in Chinese or English but never bilingually. By the way, maybe you can try to change the working language of your phone and computer into English. Believe me that will be fun. You can’t always rely on Chinese to help your English. Walking Stick is Chinese. If you are strong enough you don’t need a stick to walk. Get rid of it. Don’t say your English isn’t good enough to take this class. No, I don’t think so. I think your English is good enough because you had already passed the English exam of Gaokao and became university students now. Your English is good enough.
21. How to study?
I have 3 Requirements
1. Before watching the video please read the subtitles and check the new words. I will send you all the subtitles. I am writing a textbook, A Brief History of Western Civilization based on these subtitles, it will be published soon.
2. Study the key words and questions. You need a notebook to write down the definitions of the key words and answers of the questions.
3. Please finish all the exercises on time
22. I have three suggestions
1. Read classics
I am a passionate reader. How many English books I have read? Maybe 400. Some of them are real classics, like Homer’s epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations, Machiavelli’s the Prince, Thomas More’s Utopia, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Confessions, Bertrand Russell’s A History of Western Philosophy. I am not asking you to read these books right now, too difficult, but hope you would read at least one classical book every semester.
Let Plato be your friend, and Aristotle, but more let your friend be truth. This is not the school motto of the Harvard University. Isaac Newton wrote it. We should read Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, but the most important thing is to seek the truth. I can’t remember who said that in the university the most important thing is to get you in touch with what the greatest minds have thought.
What are the western classics? Please search online the Harvard Classics; It’s a 51-volume anthology of classic works of the world recommended by the Harvard University president Charles W. Eliot in 1909. Most of the works from the west. An anthology is a collection of writings by different writers.
23. 2.Read in English
How many years you have been learning English? More than 10, right? I always say it is shameful to read English books in Chinese translation if you have been learning English for more than 10 years.
3.Search in English
Search in Chinese we Baidu, but search in English. I want you Google, Bing, Yahoo, Britannica, Wikipedia, and hope you can often go to some western websites like BBC, CNN, and the New York Times. One more thing, there are many online dictionaries, You’d better use an English-English dictionary, not an English-Chinese one. And you should often look at maps, Bing maps in English is a very good one.
24. I have eight books here. Hope you can read at least one each semester. You’d better read it in English. Marcus Aurelius: Meditations, Niccolo Machiavelli: the Prince, Thomas More: Utopia, Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Confessions, Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws, Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations, Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities, George Orwell: Nineteen Eighty-Four
25. Look at this book, A Brief History of Western Civilization, the Unfinished Legacy by Mark Kishlansky, Geary and O'Brien. You can see some notes I wrote there, this is my reading habit. It is a textbook in many American universities. 600 pages. Don’t be afraid I’m not asking you to read it, too difficult, but I suggest you to try.
26. These are the key words
Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind, Walking Stick Dependency Syndrome, Harvard Classics, Clash of Civilizations, Soft power, Mark Kishlansky: A Brief History of Western Civilization.
This is the introduction of this class. Thank you for taking this class, and hope you will enjoy it.
返回《History of Western Civilization 全英文西方文明史》慕课在线视频列表
Hi welcome to my class
the History of Western Civilization
This is the Introduction
My name Liu Junyang
from the University of International Relations
Let's start with some photos
The Parthenon temple of goddess Athena
from the ancient Greece
Remember the Socratic paradox
I know one thing that I know nothing
I think at this moment Socrates is saying
I know one thing that I will die
but I'm not afraid I refused to escape
because I respect the Athenian law
Nike the winged goddess of victory
and Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci
The University of Bologna Italy
The first university in the world
from 1088
Birth of Venus by Botticelli
during the Italian Renaissance
The Creation of Adam and Eve from
Michelangelo's
fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
in The Vatican
Liberty Leading the People by
Eugene Delacroix
The best expression of the spirit
of the French revolution
Arc de Triomphe in Paris
This gate of victory honors
those who fought and died for France
in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
This street is the famous Champs Elysees
The Palace of Westminster in London
the meeting place of the Parliament
of the United Kingdom
The National Mall in Washington D C
You can see the Capitol Hill
The Washington Monument
and the Lincoln Memorial
All these photos are so
beautiful and powerful
They showed the glories
of the Western civilization
However learning this class
critical thinking is important
We can't forget the dark side
of the western Civilization
The terrible wars
the Spanish Inquisition
the bloody slave trade
the brutal colonization
the crimes of the Holocaust
committed
by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party
This is a French political cartoon
from 1898 China
The Cake of Kings And Emperors
We can see how powerless
is this Great Qing official
when he is watching China being divided up
by Queen Victoria
of the United Kingdom
the German king
the Russian king
the goddess
Marianne of France
and a samurai of Japan
Since the Opium War
China had become
a piece of cake to the western powers
so many unequal treaties signed
so many territories lost
China has changed a lot
We just celebrated the 70th anniversary
of the new China
Today's China is no more a weak country
but one of the most powerful countries
in the world
and we are playing
a more important role
in the international community
The world also changed a lot
This class is about the history
of the Western world
but we should also try to understand
today's world
We should try to understand
President Xi's initiative
of Building an International Community
with a Shared Future for Mankind
This imitative
and a New Type of International Relations
of Win Win Cooperation are the two pillars
of Chinese foreign policy today
On 15 May 2019
The Conference on Dialogue of
Asian Civilizations
took place in Beijing
In his speech at the opening ceremony
President Xi said
It is foolish
to believe that one's race
and civilization are superior to others
and it is disastrous
to willfully reshape or even replace other civilizations
I took part in the Think Tank Forum
on Mutual Learning Among Asian Civilizations
and Building a Community
With a Shared Future for Mankind
This forum
organized by my university
and the Global Institute of Strategy
Chinese Academic of social Sciences
It is part of the Conference
on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations
I made a speech
The World Need Dialogue Not Clash
which published
in the English newspaper Shanghai Daily
Let me share some of my ideas
Attitude of Superiority
In 1793 the British envoy
George Macartney came to Beijing
He refused to kowtow
to the Chinese emperor
Finally Qianlong received him
Qianlong told him proudly
The Celestial Empire
is abundant for everything
Nothing we don't have
We don't need trade barbarian goods
In the early days of the human history
all civilizations
thought they are the center of the world
their race and culture are superior to others
and all others are barbarians
This attitude is
natural and understandable during that time
However
as the contacts
and communication
between civilizations have become more
extensive and deeper
this attitude became foolish
If one civilization
uses this attitude of superiority
as an excuse to conquer and convert others
that will be disastrous
Western colonization is a horrible example
The slogan of the colonists
is God Gold and Glory
Huntingdon said
the West won the world
not by the superiority of its ideas or values
or religion
but rather by its superiority
in applying organized violence
Westerners often forget this fact
none Westerners never do
Modernization Is Not Westernization
After the Cold War
Francis Fukuyama predicted
the end of history is the end point
of mankind's ideological evolution
and the universalization of
Western liberal democracy
as the final form of human government
There is only one way for all the country
that is the Western democracy
because it is universal
I think he drank too much
to celebrate the victory of the cold war
Fukuyama's teacher Huntingdon disagreed with him
The motive of the clash of civilization theory
was Huntingdon's worry
of the decline of the West
and the rising of the East
Many people criticized his prejudice
to the none western civilizations
However I think his theory
provided a meaningful warning
and a new paradigm to look at the international politics
after the Cold War
He wrote What I expect is that
my efforts to raise awareness
of the dangers of the clash of civilizations
will help
to promote dialogue among civilizations
throughout the world
He wrote If non Western societies
are to modernize
they must do it their own way
not the Western way
His book published in 1996
13 years passed
history has proved his prediction
My Dream of a Roundtable Meeting
One day I dreamt
a roundtable meeting of Jesus Christ
Shakyamuni Confucius Plato
and the Prophet Muhammad
What happened
They had a very nice and wise dialogue
instead of fighting each other
Of cause they have differences
but they all taught about love peace kindness and tolerance
Are they satisfied about today's world
They may not
because we still have so many conflicts
Following their teaching
people from different civilizations
have no reason not to coexist peacefully
To coexist
we need dialogue among civilizations
The principle of dialogue
should be to listen to learn and to appreciate
not to convert to convince and to influence
It is not about how right and how beautiful you are
It is about how right and how beautiful
the others are
Let's look at two western theories
Samuel Huntington's Clash of Civilizations
Huntington believes
cultural and religious identities
will be the primary source of conflict
in the post Cold War world
and there would be two major Clashes
Between West and Islamic
and between West and Sinic
Sinic means Chinese
Joseph Nye's theory of Soft Power
Soft power is the ability to achieve
one's goals not by force but by diplomacy
persuasion and the attraction of culture and political value
Recently there is a new kind of China Threat Theory
Sharp Power Some Americans demonized China
and Russia using media and cultural activities
to influence public opinion around the world
Learning this class
we should always think these questions
What's the soft power of the western and Chinese civilization
How to increase Chinese soft power
Will there be a clash
between the western and Chines civilization
Is the peaceful rise of China
a threat to the whole world
Why we need dialogue among civilizations
Why the world need
to build an International Community
with Shared Fortune
OK Let's look at the content of this class
Early Greece
Classical and Hellenistic Greece
Ancient Roman Civilization 1
Ancient Roman Civilization 2
Middle Ages
Renaissance and Reformation
West in the Seventeenth century
and west in the Eighteenth Century
I am sorry to say
because one semester is too short
This class
could only cover the 18th Century
for the 19th and 20th centuries
I can only gave a very brief introduction.
Why teach in English
I am not teaching English
I am teaching in English
I used to work as an English interpreter
and tour guild for 20 years
I used to live in Europe and US
as visiting scholars
I have been learning English for 40 years
and English has been my working language
for 30 years
From my learning teaching and working experiences
I found many students
have the same problem I called it
Walking Stick Dependency Syndrome
Learning English
most students can reach
the intermediate level
Something like the level of CET Band 4
But going further seems very difficult
Selinker's Interlanguage theory called this
phenomenon fossilization
The progress of learning stopped and fossilized
like dinosaurs
Interlanguage means your English is not pure English
but a mixture of Chinese and English
Our brain has enough room for two languages
stored and operate separately
Computer and cell phone can work in Chinese
or English but never bilingually
By the way maybe you can
try to change the working language
of your phone
and computer into English
Believe me that will be fun
You can't always rely on Chinese to help your English
Walking Stick is Chinese
If you are strong enough
you don't need a stick to walk
Get rid of it
Don't say your English
isn't good enough to take this class
No I don't think so
I think your English is good enough
because you had already passed
the English exam of Gaokao
and became university students now
Your English is good enough
How to study
I have 3 Requirements
1 Before watching the video please read
the subtitles and check the new words
I will send you all the subtitles
I am writing a textbook
A Brief History of Western Civilization
based on these subtitles
It will be published soon
2 Study the key words and questions
You need a notebook to write down the definitions of the key words
and answers
of the questions
3 Please finish all the exercises on time
I have three suggestions
1 Read classics
I am a passionate reader How many English books I have read
Maybe 400
Some of them are real classics like Homer's epic poems
the Iliad and the Odyssey
Marcus Aurelius's Meditations
Machiavelli's the Prince
Thomas More's Utopia
Jean Jacques Rousseau's Confessions
Bertrand Russell's A History of Western Philosophy
I am not asking you to read these books right now
too difficult
but hope you would read at least one classical book
every semester
Let Plato be your friend and Aristotle
but more let your friend be truth
This is not the school motto of the Harvard University
Isaac Newton wrote it
We should read Plato Aristotle Confucius
but the most important thing is to seek the truth
I can't remember who said that
In the university
the most important thing is to
get you in touch
with what the greatest minds have thought
What are the western classics
Please search online the Harvard Classics
It's a 51 volume anthology
of classic works of the world
recommended by the Harvard University president
Charles W Eliot
in 1909
Most of the works from the west
An anthology is
a collection of writings by different writers
2 Read in English
How many years you have been learning English
More than 10 right
I always say
it is shameful
to read English books in Chinese translation
if you have been learning English
for more than 10 years
3 Search in English
Search in Chinese we Baidu
but search in English I want you Google Bing Yahoo
Britannica Wikipedia
and hope you can often go to some western websites
like BBC CNN and the New York Times
One more thing there are many online dictionaries
You’d better use an English English dictionary
not an English Chinese one
And you should often look at maps
Bing maps in English is a very good one
I have eight books here
Hope you can read at least one each semester
You’d better read it in English
Marcus Aurelius Meditations
Niccolo Machiavelli the Prince
Thomas More Utopia
Jean Jacques Rousseau Confessions
Montesquieu The Spirit of the Laws
Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations
Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities
George Orwell Nineteen Eighty Four
Look at this book
A Brief History of Western Civilization the Unfinished Legacy
by Mark Kishlansky Geary and OBrien
You can see some notes I wrote there
This is my reading habit
It is a textbook in many American universities
600 pages
Don't be afraid I'm not asking you to read it
too difficult but I suggest you to try
These are the key words
Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind
Walking Stick Dependency Syndrome
Harvard Classics
Clash of Civilizations
Soft power
Mark Kishlansky A Brief History of Western Civilization
This is the introduction of this class
Thank you for taking this class
and hope you will enjoy it
-1.0 Introduction
--1.0.3 Exercises
-1.1 Greek Bronze Age and Dark Age
--1.1.3 Exercises
-1.2 Greek Gods
--1.2.3 Exercises
-1.3 Archaic Greece
--1.3.3 Exercises
-1.4 Athens and the Persian Wars
--1.4.3 Exercises
-1.5 Discussion
-2.1 War and politics in the fifth century BC
--2.1.3 Exercises
-2.2 Greece in the fourth century BC
--2.2.3 Exercises
-2.3 Classical Greek Philosophy
--2.3.3 Exercises
-2.4 Athenian Drama
--2.4.3 Exercises
-2.5 Alexander the Great and Hellenistic World
--2.5.3 Exercises
-2.6 Discussion
-3.1 Roman Kingdom
--3.1.3 Exercises
-3.2 Early Republic
--3.2.3 Exercises
-3.3 Mid-Republic
--3.3.3 Exercises
-3.4 Late-Republic
--3.4.3 Exercises
-3.5 End of the Republic
--3.5.3 Exercises
-3.6 Discussion
-4.1 Pax Romana 1
--4.1.3 Excecises
-4.2 Pax Romana 2
--4.2.3 Excecises
-4.3 Crisis of the Third Century and Constantine
--4.3.3 Excecises
-4.4 The Victory of Christianity
--4.4.3 Exercises
-4.5 The Fall of the Roman Empire
--4.5.3 Exercises
-4.6 Discussion
-5.1 Early Middle Ages
--5.1.3 Excecises
-5.2 Carolingian Dynasty
--5.2.3 Excecises
-5.3 High Middle Ages
--5.3.3 Excecises
-5.4 Late Middle Ages 1
--5.4.1 Excecises
-5.5 Late Middle Ages 2
--5.5.3 Excecises
-5.6 Discussion
-6.1 The Renaissance
--6.1.3 Exercises
-6.2 Protestant Reformation
--6.2.3 Exercises
-6.3 Italian Wars and Rise of Russia
--6.3.3 Exercises
-6.4 Age of Discovery
--6.4.3 Exercises
-6.5 French War of Religion and Russia’s Time of Trouble
--6.5.3 Exercises
-6.6 Discussion
-7.1 The Thirty Years War
--7.1.3 Exercises
-7.2 English Revolution
--7.2.3 Exercises
-7.3 Three Absolute Monarchs
--7.3.3 Exercises
-7.4 Dutch Golden Age
--7.4.3 Exercises
-7.5 Science and Culture in the 17th Century
--7.5 Text
--7.5.3 Exercises
-7.6 Discussion
-8.1 The United Kingdom
--8.1.3 Exercises
-8.2 The American Revolution
--8.2.3 Exercises
-8.3 The French Revolution
--8.3.3 Exercises
-8.4 Age of Enlightenment
--8.4.3 Exercises
-8.5 West after the 18th century
--8.5.3 Exercises
-8.6 Discussion