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8.3 French Revolution
Hi, guys. This is the third part of Chapter 8—the French Revolution.
1. France, officially the French Republic is a sovereign state, and unitary semi-presidential republic. French territory consists of Mainland France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The Mainland France extends from the English Channel and the North Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rhine River in the east, bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Spain to the south. Corsica, the island in the Mediterranean Sea also belongs to France. France has a population of 67.3 million, its capital Paris is the country's largest city and cultural and commercial center. The capital city of France is Paris, the economic and cultural center. Other major cities include Lille, and also Lyon, and Nice, and Marseille, and Toulouse, and Bordeaux which is famous for Bordeaux wine.
2. Let’ see the symbols of France. The Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument.
3. The Eiffel Tower built as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, Arc de Triomphe, the Arch of victory honors those who fought and died in the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. The street is called Champs Elysees, a 1.9 kilometer long avenue, known for theatres, cafés, and luxury shops, for the annual Bastille Day military parade, and final of the Tour de France bicycle race.
4. Liberty Leading the People
This painting is called Liberty Leading the People a painting by Eugène Delacroix commemorating the French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution which toppled King Charles X of France. Marianne, Goddess of Liberty, a national symbol of the French Republic, is holding the flag of the French Revolution, the Tricolor. When I visited the Louvre Museum, I didn’t get closer to the Mona Lisa, too crowded! I was lucky to face this painting alone for a few minutes. What came to my mind is the street fighting described by Victor Hugo in his novel Les Misérables, which means a miserable world.
5. The national motto of France is "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity". Fraternity is friendship, brotherhood or universal love.
The national anthem of France is La Marseillaise, the lyric was written in 1792 by de Lile, an officer of the French Revolutionary Wars. The song reflected the invasion of France by foreign armies from Prussia and Austria that were under way when it was written.
Arise, children of our Nation,
The day of glory has arrived!
Against us tyranny's
Bloody banner is raised,
Do you hear, in the countryside,
The roar of those ferocious soldiers?
They're coming right into your arms
To cut the throats of your sons, your women!
To arms, citizens,
Form your battalions,
Let's march, let's march!
Let an impure blood
Soak our fields!
Let’ listen to it.
6. Now let’s look at the Chinese national anthem, March of the Volunteers
Written by Tian Han in 1934 during the War of Resistance Against Japan and set to music by Nie Er.
Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves!
With our flesh and blood,
let us build a new Great Wall!
As China faces its greatest peril
From each one the urgent call to action comes forth.
Arise! Arise! Arise!
Millions of but one heart
Braving the enemies' fire! March on!
Braving the enemies' fire! March on!
March on! March, march on!
Do you think the national anthem of China, the United States and France have the same spirit? That is the spirit of patriotism; they are all calling people to fight for the motherland when it is in danger. To me they are the 3 greatest national anthems in the world, of cause the number one is ours.
7. before the Revolution
"France" comes from the Latin term "Francia", country of the Franks. The Kingdom of the Franks was the largest Barbarian kingdom in Western Europe during the Early Middle Ages which lasted from 481 to 843. It is the direct ancestor of both modern France and Germany. The Kingdom of the Franks went through the Merovingian and Carolingian Dynasty. From 800 it became the Holy Roman Empire and Charlemagne became the first Holy Roman Emperor. Charlemagne died in 814, and his son Louis the Pious succeeded. After the death of Louis in 843 the empire was divided by his three sons. In the future the West Franks became France, the east became Germany, and the middle became Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Lorraine, Switzerland and northern Italy.
The Carolingian dynasty ended in the West Francia in 987 when Hugh Capet became the first King of a Capetian dynasty. The Capetians and their cadet lines the Valois and Bourbon ruled France until 1792. In 1328 Philip VI was the first king of the House of Valois, his succession caused the Hundred Year’s War, this family ruled until 1589. After French war of religion 1562-1598, Henry IV became the first king from the House of Bourbon, Henry’s grandson Louis XIV the Sun King ruled for 72 years from 1643 to 1715 and he consolidated absolute monarchy and France became the leading European power.
8. In 1715 Louis XV succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five until his death in 1774. After the death of his chief minister Cardinal Fleury in 1726, the young king took sole control of the kingdom. His reign of almost 59 years was the second longest in the history of France, exceeded only by Louis XIV. During his reign France lost the Seven Years' War, ceded New France in North America to Great Britain. He annexed the territories of the Duchy of Lorraine and the Corsican Republic into the Kingdom of France. Louis XV left a huge debt to his grandson Louis XVI, the next king.
Louis XVI was 20 years old when he became the king. He was the last King before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was called Citizen Louis Capet during the four months before he was guillotined in 1793. From 1776, Louis XVI actively supported the American independence war against Great Britain. He already had a huge debt left by Louis XV, supporting the Americans made the financial crisis worse.
9. General Marquis de Lafayette was sent to fight in the American Revolutionary War, after returning to France he became a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830. This painting showed Lafayette and Washington at Valley Forge. On the right is Lafayette.
10. The French Revolution from 1789 to 1799 is one of the greatest revolutions in the human history. It happened 6 years later of the victory of the American Revolution in 1783. Thomas Jefferson proclaimed France had "been awakened by our Revolution."
Inspired by Enlightenment ideals, the Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, and also experienced violent periods of political turmoil. The greatest contribution of the revolution to the whole world is the spirit of liberty, equality, fraternity which became the national motto of France. Almost all future revolutionary movements looked back to the French Revolution as their inspiration and predecessor. The Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and democracies.
11. The Estates General of 1789. To solve the crisis, King Louis XVI summoned, a general assembly representing the three French estates at Versailles in May 1789. The First Estate was the clergy, the second was the nobility, and the third was commoners. Estate is social class. Before the Estates General, the people drew up their grievance list, "If only the king knew" became a slogan. They believe "Our king, the best of kings and father of a great and wise family will soon know everything. All vice will be destroyed". The Third Estate includes bourgeoisie, the peasants, and workers. Bourgeoisie was the middle class between the lower and upper classes. This carton depicts the plight of the French peasants. The old man carrying a clergy and a nobleman, birds and rabbits are eating his crops.
12. The Estates General of 1789 This is the painting of the Estates General of 1789.
13. The Tennis Court Oath. On June 17, joined by some sympathetic clergy the Third Estate founded the National Assembly. On 20 June their meeting room had been locked so they went to an indoor tennis court and took the Tennis Court Oath: vowing "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established". The revolution had begun.
Storming of the Bastille
Louis XVI refused to accept National Assembly. He summoned troops to Versailles and began concentrating soldiers in Paris. On 14 July 1789 citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille, a fortress used as armory and political prison. This event marked the outbreak of the Revolution. Today the Bastille Day is the national day of France.
14. National Guard. The next day after the Storming of the Bastille, Lafayette organized and became the commander-in-chief of the National Guard. He Designed the Tricolor flag, red and blue of the city of Paris with the royal white of the Bourbons. The Tricolor still remained as the national flag of France.
15. Women’s March on Versailles. On 5 Oct. 6,000 Parisian women marched to Versailles. Armed with pikes, they killed several royal guards, cut their heads and put them on pikes, they forced the royal family return to Paris to deal with the problem of bread supply, high prices and starvation. Now the king became captive to the revolution.
16. The declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: On Aug 26, National Constituent Assembly announced the declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. It was drafted by the Abbé Sieyès and Lafayette, in consultation with Thomas Jefferson. It proclaimed: Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Liberty consists of doing anything which does not harm others,Property being an inviolable and sacred right. This Declaration, together with Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Bill of Rights, inspired in large part of the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The First Republic was founded in 1792; it lasted until the declaration of the First French Empire in 1804 under Napoleon. Louis XVI was executed for treason in 1793.
17. Robespierre and Reign of Terror. Robespierre was the most influential figures in the French Revolution; he campaigned for universal male suffrage in France, price controls on basic food commodities and the abolition of slavery in the French colonies. He was a member of the powerful Committee of Public Safety. He belongs to the Jacobins, the most influential political club and the most radical group during the French Revolution. Their rival Girondins was the more moderate faction.
The Reign of Terror is a period after the First French Republic was established in 1792 to the execution of Robespierre in July 1794. "Let's make terror the order of the day!" became a slogan. In Lyon officials tied prisoners to stakes and fired them with cannons. Between June 1793 and the end of July 1794, there were 16,594 official death sentences in France, of which 2,639 were in Paris.
18. Guillotine became the symbol of the revolution justice.
19. The Thermidorian Reaction. Thermidor was the eleventh month of the Revolutionary calendar, the month of heat. On 27 July 1794, Robespierre was denounced by members of the National Convention as "a tyrant", Robespierre and twenty-one associates were arrested and beheaded on the following day. This is the Fall of Maximilien Robespierre.
The Directory. From 1795 a new government, the Directory appeared to govern France, it was a five-member committee. The Directory continued to be dogged by wars with foreign invaders included Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Kingdom of Naples, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. In 1799, after several defeats, the Directory had lost the support of all the political factions. Napoleon lunched a coup d'état(政变)on November 8–9, 1799, abolished the Directory and replaced it with the French Consulate led by himself. This event marked the end of the French Revolution.
20. Key words: Let’s look at the key words. Liberty Leading the People, La Marseillaise, The national motto of France, The Estates General of 1789, The declaration of the rights of Man and Citizen, Robespierre
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Hi guys
This is the third part of Chapter 8
The French Revolution
France officially the French Republic is a sovereign state
and unitary semi-presidential republic
French territory consists of Mainland France in Western Europe
and several overseas regions and territories
The Mainland France extends from the English Channel
and the North Sea to the Mediterranean Sea
from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rhine River in the east
bordered by Belgium Luxembourg
and Germany to the northeast
Switzerland and Italy to the east
and Spain to the south
Corsica the island in the Mediterranean Sea
also belongs to France
France has a population of 67.3 million
its capital Paris is the country's largest city
and cultural and commercial center
The capital city of France is Paris
the economic and cultural center
Other major cities include Lille
and also Lyon and Nice and Marseille
and Toulouse and Bordeaux
Bordeaux is famous for Bordeaux wine
Let’ see the symbols of France
The Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum
and a historic monument
the Eiffel Tower built as the entrance
to the 1889 World's Fair
Arc de Triomphe
the Arch of victory honors those who fought and died
in the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars
The street is called Champs Elysees
a 1.9 kilometer long avenue
known for theatres cafes and luxury shops
for the annual Bastille Day military parade
and final of the Tour de France bicycle race
This painting is called Liberty Leading the People
a painting by Eugene Delacroix
commemorating the French Revolution of 1830
also known as the July Revolution
which toppled King Charles X of France
Marianne Goddess of Liberty
a national symbol of the French Republic
is holding the flag of the French Revolution the Tricolor
When I visited the Louvre Museum
I didn’t get closer to the Mona Lisa too crowded
I was lucky to face this painting alone for a few minutes
What came to my mind is the street fighting
Described by Victor Hugo in his novel
Les Miserables means a miserable world
The national motto of France is
Liberty Equality and Fraternity
Fraternity is friendship brotherhood or universal love
The national anthem of France is La Marseillaise
the lyric was written in 1792 by de Lile
an officer of the French Revolutionary Wars
The song reflected the invasion of France
by foreign armies from Prussia and Austria
that were under way when it was written
Arise children of our Nation
The day of glory has arrived
Against us tyranny's
Bloody banner is raised
Do you hear in the countryside
The roar of those ferocious soldiers
They're coming right into your arms
To cut the throats of your sons your women
To arms citizens
Form your battalions
Let's march
Let an impure blood Soak our fields
Let’ listen to it
Now let’s look at the Chinese national anthem
March of the Volunteers
written by Tian Han and music by Nie Er
Arise ye who refuse to be slaves
With our flesh and blood
Let us build a new Great Wall
As China faces its greatest peril
From each one the urgent call to action comes forth
Arise Arise Arise
Millions of but one heart
Braving the enemies' fire March on
Braving the enemies' fire March on
March on March on March on
Do you think the national anthems of China
the United States and France have the same spirit
That is the spirit of patriotism
They are all calling people to fight for the motherland
when it is in danger
To me they are the 3 greatest national anthems in the world
of course the number one is ours
Before the Revolution
France comes from the Latin term Francia
country of the Franks
The Kingdom of the Franks was
the largest Barbarian kingdom in Western Europe
during the Early Middle Ages
which lasted from 481 to 843
It is the direct ancestor of
both modern France and Germany
The Kingdom of the Franks
went through the
Merovingian and Carolingian Dynasty
From 800 it became the Holy Roman Empire
and Charlemagne became the first Holy Roman Emperor
Charlemagne died in 814
and his son Louis the Pious succeeded
After the death of Louis in 843
the empire was divided by his three sons
In the future the West Franks became France
the east became Germany
and the middle became Holland Belgium Luxembourg
Lorraine Switzerland and northern Italy
The Carolingian dynasty ended in the West Francia
in 987 when Hugh Capet became
the first King of a Capetian dynasty
The Capetians and their cadet lines
the Valois and Bourbon ruled France until 1792
In 1328 Philip VI was the first king of the House of Valois
His succession caused the Hundred Year’s War
This family ruled until 1589
After French war of religion
Henry IV became the first king from the House of Bourbon
Henry’s grandson Louis XIV
the Sun King ruled for 72 years and
he consolidated absolute monarchy
and France became the leading European power
In 1715 Louis XV succeeded
his great-grandfather Louis XIV
at the age of five until his death in 1774
After the death of his chief minister Cardinal Fleury
in 1726 the young king took sole control of the kingdom
His reign of almost 59 years
was the second longest in the history of France
exceeded only by Louis XIV
During his reign France lost the Seven Years' War
ceded New France in North America to Great Britain
He annexed the territories of the Duchy of Lorraine
and the Corsican Republic into the Kingdom of France
Louis XV left a huge debt to his grandson
Louis XVI the next king
Louis XVI was 20 years old when he became the king
He was the last King before the fall of the monarchy
during the French Revolution
He was called Citizen Louis Capet during the four months
before he was guillotined in 1793
From 1776 Louis XVI actively supported
the American independence war against Great Britain
He already had a huge debt left by Louis XV
supporting the Americans made the financial crisis worse
General Marquis de Lafayette was sent
to fight in the American Revolutionary War
After returning to France he became a key figure
in the French Revolution of 1789
and the July Revolution of 1830
This painting showed Lafayette
and Washington at Valley Forge
On the right is Lafayette
The French Revolution from 1789 to 1799
is one of the greatest revolutions in the human history
It happened 6 years later
of the victory of the American Revolution in 1783
Thomas Jefferson proclaimed
France had been awakened by our Revolution
Inspired by Enlightenment ideals
the Revolution overthrew the monarchy
established a republic and also
experienced violent periods of political turmoil
The greatest contribution of the revolution
to the whole world is the spirit of liberty equality fraternity
which became the national motto of France
Almost all future revolutionary movements
looked back to the French Revolution
as their inspiration and predecessor
The Revolution profoundly altered
the course of modern history
triggering the global decline of
absolute monarchies
while replacing them with republics
and democracies
The Estates General of 1789
To solve the crisis King Louis XVI
summoned a general assembly
representing the three French
estates at Versailles in May 1789
The First Estate was the clergy
the second was the nobility
and the third was commoners
Estate is social class
Before the Estates General
the people drew up their grievance list
If only the king knew became a slogan
Our king the best of kings
and father of a great and wise family
will soon know everything
All vice will be destroyed
The Third Estate includes bourgeoisie
the peasants and workers
Bourgeoisie was the middle class
between the lower and upper classes
This carton depicts the plight
of the French peasants
The old man carrying
a clergy and a nobleman
birds and rabbits are eating his crops
This is the painting
of the Estates General of 1789
On June 17 joined
by some sympathetic clergy
the Third Estate
founded the National Assembly
On 20 June their meeting room
had been locked
So they went to an indoor tennis court
and took the Tennis Court Oath
vowing not to separate and to reassemble
wherever circumstances require
until the constitution of the kingdom
is established
The revolution had begun
Storming of the Bastille
Louis XVI refused to accept
National Assembly
He summoned troops to Versailles and
began concentrating soldiers in Paris
On 14 July 1789 citizens of Paris
stormed the Bastille
a fortress used as armory
and political prison
This event marked
the outbreak of the Revolution
Today the Bastille Day
is the national day of France
Next day
after the Storming of the Bastille
Lafayette organized and became
the commander-in-chief
of the National Guard
He Designed the Tricolor flag
Red and blue of the city of Paris
with the royal white of the Bourbons
The Tricolor still remained
as the national flag of France
Women's March on Versailles
On 5 Oct 6000 Parisian women
marched to Versailles
Armed with pikes
they killed several royal guards
cut their heads and put them on pikes
They forced the royal family
return to Paris
to deal with the problem of bread supply
high prices and starvation
Now the king
became captive to the revolution
The declaration of the Rights
of Man and Citizen
On Aug 26 National Constituent Assembly
announced the declaration of
the Rights of Man and Citizen
It was drafted
by the Abbe Sieyes and Lafayette
in consultation with Thomas Jefferson
It proclaimed Men are born
and remain free and equal in rights
Liberty consists of doing anything
which does not harm others
Property being an inviolable
and sacred right
This Declaration together
with Magna Carta
the English Bill of Rights
the United States
Declaration of Independence
and the United States Bill of Rights
inspired in large part of the 1948
United Nations
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The First Republic was founded in 1792
It lasted until
the declaration of
the First French Empire
in 1804 under Napoleon
Louis XVI was executed for treason in 1793
Robespierre and Reign of Terror
Robespierre was
the most influential figures
in the French Revolution
He campaigned for universal male
suffrage in France
price controls on basic food commodities
and the abolition of slavery
in the French colonies
He was a member of
the powerful Committee of Public Safety
He belongs to the Jacobins
the most influential political club and
the most radical group
during the French Revolution
Their rival Girondins was
the more moderate faction
The Reign of Terror is a period
after the First French Republic
was established in 1792
to the execution of Robespierre in July 1794
Let's make terror the order
of the day became a slogan
In Lyon officials
tied prisoners to stakes
and fired them with cannons
Between June 1793
and the end of July 1794
there were 16594
official death sentences in France
of which 2639 were in Paris
Guillotine became the symbol
of the revolution justice
The Thermidorian Reaction
Thermidor was the eleventh month of
the Revolutionary calendar
the month of heat
On 27 July 1794 Robespierre was denounced
by members of the National Convention
as a tyrant
Robespierre and twenty one associates
were arrested
and beheaded on the following day
This is the Fall of Maximilien Robespierre
The Directory
From 1795 a new government the Directory
appeared to govern France
It was a five-member committee
The Directory continued
to be dogged by wars
with foreign invaders
including Britain Austria Prussia
the Kingdom of Naples Russia
and the Ottoman Empire
In 1799 after several defeats
the Directory had lost the support of
all the political factions
Napoleon lunched a coup d'état
on November 8–9 1799
abolished the Directory and replaced it
with the French Consulate led by himself
This event marked
the end of the French Revolution
Let’s look at the key words
Liberty Leading the People
La Marseillaise
The national motto of France
The Estates General of 1789
The declaration of the rights
of Man and Citizen
Robespierre
This part is the French Revolution
and see you the next time
-1.0 Introduction
--1.0.3 Exercises
-1.1 Greek Bronze Age and Dark Age
--1.1.3 Exercises
-1.2 Greek Gods
--1.2.3 Exercises
-1.3 Archaic Greece
--1.3.3 Exercises
-1.4 Athens and the Persian Wars
--1.4.3 Exercises
-1.5 Discussion
-2.1 War and politics in the fifth century BC
--2.1.3 Exercises
-2.2 Greece in the fourth century BC
--2.2.3 Exercises
-2.3 Classical Greek Philosophy
--2.3.3 Exercises
-2.4 Athenian Drama
--2.4.3 Exercises
-2.5 Alexander the Great and Hellenistic World
--2.5.3 Exercises
-2.6 Discussion
-3.1 Roman Kingdom
--3.1.3 Exercises
-3.2 Early Republic
--3.2.3 Exercises
-3.3 Mid-Republic
--3.3.3 Exercises
-3.4 Late-Republic
--3.4.3 Exercises
-3.5 End of the Republic
--3.5.3 Exercises
-3.6 Discussion
-4.1 Pax Romana 1
--4.1.3 Excecises
-4.2 Pax Romana 2
--4.2.3 Excecises
-4.3 Crisis of the Third Century and Constantine
--4.3.3 Excecises
-4.4 The Victory of Christianity
--4.4.3 Exercises
-4.5 The Fall of the Roman Empire
--4.5.3 Exercises
-4.6 Discussion
-5.1 Early Middle Ages
--5.1.3 Excecises
-5.2 Carolingian Dynasty
--5.2.3 Excecises
-5.3 High Middle Ages
--5.3.3 Excecises
-5.4 Late Middle Ages 1
--5.4.1 Excecises
-5.5 Late Middle Ages 2
--5.5.3 Excecises
-5.6 Discussion
-6.1 The Renaissance
--6.1.3 Exercises
-6.2 Protestant Reformation
--6.2.3 Exercises
-6.3 Italian Wars and Rise of Russia
--6.3.3 Exercises
-6.4 Age of Discovery
--6.4.3 Exercises
-6.5 French War of Religion and Russia’s Time of Trouble
--6.5.3 Exercises
-6.6 Discussion
-7.1 The Thirty Years War
--7.1.3 Exercises
-7.2 English Revolution
--7.2.3 Exercises
-7.3 Three Absolute Monarchs
--7.3.3 Exercises
-7.4 Dutch Golden Age
--7.4.3 Exercises
-7.5 Science and Culture in the 17th Century
--7.5 Text
--7.5.3 Exercises
-7.6 Discussion
-8.1 The United Kingdom
--8.1.3 Exercises
-8.2 The American Revolution
--8.2.3 Exercises
-8.3 The French Revolution
--8.3.3 Exercises
-8.4 Age of Enlightenment
--8.4.3 Exercises
-8.5 West after the 18th century
--8.5.3 Exercises
-8.6 Discussion