当前课程知识点:Animal Anatomy > Chapter 14 The Anatomical Characteristics Of Avian > Section 3 Respiratory and Urinary System > Respiratory and Urinary System of Avian-Video
各位同学 大家好
我是来自中国农业大学的曹静
今天我们来学习家禽的解剖特征
家禽的呼吸系统
由鼻 咽 喉 气管 鸣管(鸣泡) 支气管
肺和气囊等器官组成
家禽的鼻腔狭窄
鼻孔位于上喙基部
两侧鼻腔由鼻中隔所隔开
鼻中隔大部分由软骨所构成
鼻腺位于鼻腔后部及眼球上方
输出管沿鼻骨内面向前 开口于鼻前庭
水禽的鼻腺相对较发达
特别是在海洋生活的禽类
鼻腺有分泌盐分的作用 也称为盐腺
气管为喉的直接延续
由软骨环作为支架 与食管伴行
位于颈的腹侧 在颈的下半部偏至右侧
进入胸腔后 在心基的背侧分为两支
分叉形成鸣管
鸣管是禽的发声器官
位于胸腔入口后方
鸣管由气管和支气管的软骨环
以及鸣骨构成支架
鸣骨呈楔形 位于支气管杈的顶壁
将鸣腔一分为二
在支架上具有两对弹性薄膜
为内 外鸣膜
二者之间形成一狭缝
当禽呼气时 空气震动鸣膜而发声
公鸭的鸣管由软骨环做支架
在左侧形成一膨大的骨质鸣泡
家禽的肺呈鲜红色
左右两肺略呈扁平的四边形 不分叶
位于胸腔背侧部
两肺的背面嵌入肋间
表面有较深的肋压迹
腹侧面覆以膜质的肺膈
家禽的支气管
在肺内形成相互连通的管道
而不形成支气管树
气囊是家禽所特有的器官
是支气管黏膜的肺在外面的延伸
囊壁较薄 气囊共有9个
1个锁骨间气囊 1对颈气囊
1对胸前气囊 1对胸后气囊和1对腹气囊
颈气囊 锁骨间气囊和胸前气囊
共同组成了前气囊
胸后气囊和腹气囊共同组成后气囊
这张图片是我们在解剖鸡时
所观察到的腹气囊
它晶莹剔透
气囊壁是由一层透明的结缔组织膜所构成
血液供应相对比较少
因此 它不具有气体交换的作用
那么气囊的功能主要是做为贮气装置
同时参与肺的呼吸
那么还对于机体的体温调节 减轻体重
调节重心 共鸣也起到共同的作用
家禽的泌尿系统包括肾和输尿管
没有膀胱
肾较大 狭长
位于腰荐骨两旁和髂骨的骨窝内
分前 中 后三部
没有脂肪囊 也没有肾纤维膜
家禽的肾没有肾门
肾的血管和输尿管直接从肾表面进出
输尿管为较直而细的管道
从每一个肾的中部走出
沿肾的腹侧面向后伸延
开口于泄殖道顶壁的两侧
而且家禽的肾也没有肾盂和肾盏
-Introduction
-Introduction-Homework
-Section 1 General Introduction to Bone
--General Introduction to Bone-1-Video
--General Introduction to Bone-2-Video
-General Introduction to Bone-Homework
-Section 2 Skull
-Skull-Homework
-Section 3 Torso Bone
-Torso Bone-Homework
-Section 4 Forelimb Bone
-Forelimb Bone-Homework
-Section 5 Hindlimb Bone
-Hindlimb Bone-Homework
-Section 6 Overview of Bone Connection
--Overview of Bone Connection-Video
-Overview of Bone Connection-Homework
-Section 7 Whole Body Bone Connection
--Whole Body Bone Connection-Video
-Whole Body Bone Connection-Homework
-Section 8 Muscle Overview
-Muscle Overview-Homework
-Section 9 Whole Body Muscles
-Whole Body Muscles-Homework
-Introduction of Viscera
--Introduction of Viscera-Video
-Introduction of Viscera-Homework
-Sction 1 Oral Cavity
-Oral Cavity-Homework
-Section 2 Salivary Glands
-Salivary Glands-Homework
-Section 3 Ruminant Stomach
-Ruminant Stomach-Homework
-Section 4 Single Chamber Stomach
--Single Chamber Stomach-Video
-Single Chamber Stomach-Homework
-Section 5 Intestine
--Intestine of Bovine and Sheep
-Intestine-Homework
-Section 6 Liver and Pancreas
-Liver and Pancreas-Homework
-Section 1 Nose, Pharynx and Larynx
--Nose, Pharynx and Larynx-Video
-Nose, Pharynx and Larynx-Homework
-Section 2 Trachea, Bronchus and Lung
--Trachea, Bronchus and Lung-Video
-Trachea, Bronchus and Lung-Homework
- The Urinary System
-The Urinary System-Homework
-Section 1 Female Reproductive System
--Female Reproductive System-Video
-The Female Reproductive System--Homework
-Section 2 Male Reproductive System
--Male Reproductive System-Video
-The Male Reproductive System-Homework
-Section 1 Introduction of the Cardiovascular System
--Introduction of the Cardiovascular System-Video
-Introduction of the Cardiovascular System--Homework
-Section 2 Heart
-The Heart--Homework
-Section 3 Arteries
-The Vessels--Homework
-Section 4 Veins
-The Veins--Homework
-The Cardiocascular System-PPT
-Section 1 Composition of Lymphatic System
--Compositiion of Lymphatic System-Video
-Composition of the Lymphatic System--Homework
-Section 2 Central Lymphoid Organs
--Central Lymphoid Organs-Video
-The Central Lymphoid Organs--Homework
-Section 3 Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
--Peripheral Lymphoid Organs-Video
-The Peripheral Lymphoid Organs--Homework
-Section 1 Overview of Nervous System
--Overview of Nervous System-Video
-Overview of Nervous System--Homework
-Section 2 Spinal Cord
-Spinal Cord--Homework
-Section 3 Brain
-The Brain--Homework
-Section 4 Spinal Nerve
-Spinal Nerve--Homework
-Section 5 Brain Nerve
-Brain Nerves--Homework
-Section 6 Vegetative Nerve
-Vegetative Nerve--Homework
-Section 1 Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System-Video
-Overview of Endocrine System--Homework
-Section 2 Endocrine Organs
-Endocrine Organs--Homework
-Section 3 Pineal Gland
-Pineal Gland--Homework
-Section 4 Thyroid Gland
-Thyroid Gland--Homework
-Section 5 Parathyroid Gland
-Parathyroid Gland--Homework
-Section 6 Adrenal Gland
-Adrenal Gland--Homework
-Section 7 Endocrine Tissues
-Endocrine Tissues--Homework
-Section 1 Visual Organs
-The Visual Organs--Homework
-Section 2 Auditory Organs
-Auditory Organs--Homework
-Section 1 Skin and Hair
-Skin and Hair--Homework
-Section 2 Hoof and Horn
-Hoof and Horn--Homework
-Section 3 Mammary Gland
-Mammary Gland--Homework
-Section 1 Locomotor System
--Locomotor System of Avian-Video
-Locomotor System--Homework
-Section 2 Digestive System
--Digestive System of Avian-Video
-Digestive System--Homework
-Section 3 Respiratory and Urinary System
--Respiratory and Urinary System of Avian-Video
-Respiratory and Urinary System--Homework
-Section 4 Reproductive System
--Reproductive System of Avian-Video
-Reproductive System--Homework
-Section 5 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System
--Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System of Avian-Video
-Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System--Homework
-Section 6 Endocrine and Nervous System
--Endocrine and Nervous Sysem of Avian-Video
-Endocrine and Nervous System--Homework
-Section 7 Sensory and Integumentary System
--Sensory and Integumentary System of Avian-Video
-The Sensory and Integumentary System--Homework
-The Anatomical Characteristics of Avian-ppt
-The Final Examination·