当前课程知识点:Animal Anatomy > Chapter 14 The Anatomical Characteristics Of Avian > Section 6 Endocrine and Nervous System > Endocrine and Nervous Sysem of Avian-Video
各位同学 大家好
我是来自中国农业大学的曹静
今天我们来学习家禽的解剖特征
家禽的内分泌器官
包括有甲状腺 甲状旁腺
肾上腺 腮后腺 松果体和脑垂体
右侧图中所显示的绿色部分
表示家禽的脑垂体所在的位置
它位于视交叉的后方 下丘脑的腹侧
下方的图表示家禽脑的正中矢状面
红色代表的是松果体
从外观上看它呈长柄状
是以一条细柄连接于第三脑室的顶壁
我们再来看看其它内分泌器官的位置
左侧图上方所显示的是肾上腺
它位于肾的上方
呈卵圆形或者是三角锥状
右侧图所显示是家禽颈部结构
那么像19所显示的是甲状腺
它位于胸腔入口处
气管的两旁 胸腺的后部 呈椭圆形
其后方的18所显示的是甲状旁腺
我们再来看看真实的解剖照片
左图所显示的是家禽颈部的解剖结构
在颈部末端 呈三角锥状
浅黄色的为甲状腺
在甲状腺后方 呈乳白色
米粒状大小的是甲状旁腺
右下方所显示的是位于颈部两侧的胸腺
在胸腺附近
能清楚的看到非常明显的颈神经
那么我们再来看看家禽的神经系统
家禽的脊髓于枕骨大孔与脑相连
向后延伸为脊柱椎管的全长
后端形成脊髓圆锥而不形成马尾
脊髓直径各部各不等
颈椎部和腰椎部形成颈膨大和腰膨大
它是翼部和腿部的低级运动中枢
而后者更发达
家禽的脑无沟回
小脑缺半球 只有蚓部
图中所显示的是禽脑的背侧面
正中矢状面和大脑半球
我们会发现
家禽的脑同样具有脑干的结构
即包括有间脑 中脑 脑桥和延髓
在大脑半球的后方 有发达的视顶盖
它是中脑的前丘 与视觉有关
因此 家禽具有发达的视觉机能
而嗅球较小
我们通过比较
鼠脑和鸡脑的解剖结构会发现
鼠脑的嗅球比鸡的嗅球更明显
说明鼠的嗅觉功能比鸡要发达
而且 鼠脑的小脑半球发达
家禽的小脑半球消失
它形成了小脑绒球
而且我们也发现了
二者的大脑皮层相对比较光滑
说明它们均属于低等的脊椎动物
-Introduction
-Introduction-Homework
-Section 1 General Introduction to Bone
--General Introduction to Bone-1-Video
--General Introduction to Bone-2-Video
-General Introduction to Bone-Homework
-Section 2 Skull
-Skull-Homework
-Section 3 Torso Bone
-Torso Bone-Homework
-Section 4 Forelimb Bone
-Forelimb Bone-Homework
-Section 5 Hindlimb Bone
-Hindlimb Bone-Homework
-Section 6 Overview of Bone Connection
--Overview of Bone Connection-Video
-Overview of Bone Connection-Homework
-Section 7 Whole Body Bone Connection
--Whole Body Bone Connection-Video
-Whole Body Bone Connection-Homework
-Section 8 Muscle Overview
-Muscle Overview-Homework
-Section 9 Whole Body Muscles
-Whole Body Muscles-Homework
-Introduction of Viscera
--Introduction of Viscera-Video
-Introduction of Viscera-Homework
-Sction 1 Oral Cavity
-Oral Cavity-Homework
-Section 2 Salivary Glands
-Salivary Glands-Homework
-Section 3 Ruminant Stomach
-Ruminant Stomach-Homework
-Section 4 Single Chamber Stomach
--Single Chamber Stomach-Video
-Single Chamber Stomach-Homework
-Section 5 Intestine
--Intestine of Bovine and Sheep
-Intestine-Homework
-Section 6 Liver and Pancreas
-Liver and Pancreas-Homework
-Section 1 Nose, Pharynx and Larynx
--Nose, Pharynx and Larynx-Video
-Nose, Pharynx and Larynx-Homework
-Section 2 Trachea, Bronchus and Lung
--Trachea, Bronchus and Lung-Video
-Trachea, Bronchus and Lung-Homework
- The Urinary System
-The Urinary System-Homework
-Section 1 Female Reproductive System
--Female Reproductive System-Video
-The Female Reproductive System--Homework
-Section 2 Male Reproductive System
--Male Reproductive System-Video
-The Male Reproductive System-Homework
-Section 1 Introduction of the Cardiovascular System
--Introduction of the Cardiovascular System-Video
-Introduction of the Cardiovascular System--Homework
-Section 2 Heart
-The Heart--Homework
-Section 3 Arteries
-The Vessels--Homework
-Section 4 Veins
-The Veins--Homework
-The Cardiocascular System-PPT
-Section 1 Composition of Lymphatic System
--Compositiion of Lymphatic System-Video
-Composition of the Lymphatic System--Homework
-Section 2 Central Lymphoid Organs
--Central Lymphoid Organs-Video
-The Central Lymphoid Organs--Homework
-Section 3 Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
--Peripheral Lymphoid Organs-Video
-The Peripheral Lymphoid Organs--Homework
-Section 1 Overview of Nervous System
--Overview of Nervous System-Video
-Overview of Nervous System--Homework
-Section 2 Spinal Cord
-Spinal Cord--Homework
-Section 3 Brain
-The Brain--Homework
-Section 4 Spinal Nerve
-Spinal Nerve--Homework
-Section 5 Brain Nerve
-Brain Nerves--Homework
-Section 6 Vegetative Nerve
-Vegetative Nerve--Homework
-Section 1 Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System-Video
-Overview of Endocrine System--Homework
-Section 2 Endocrine Organs
-Endocrine Organs--Homework
-Section 3 Pineal Gland
-Pineal Gland--Homework
-Section 4 Thyroid Gland
-Thyroid Gland--Homework
-Section 5 Parathyroid Gland
-Parathyroid Gland--Homework
-Section 6 Adrenal Gland
-Adrenal Gland--Homework
-Section 7 Endocrine Tissues
-Endocrine Tissues--Homework
-Section 1 Visual Organs
-The Visual Organs--Homework
-Section 2 Auditory Organs
-Auditory Organs--Homework
-Section 1 Skin and Hair
-Skin and Hair--Homework
-Section 2 Hoof and Horn
-Hoof and Horn--Homework
-Section 3 Mammary Gland
-Mammary Gland--Homework
-Section 1 Locomotor System
--Locomotor System of Avian-Video
-Locomotor System--Homework
-Section 2 Digestive System
--Digestive System of Avian-Video
-Digestive System--Homework
-Section 3 Respiratory and Urinary System
--Respiratory and Urinary System of Avian-Video
-Respiratory and Urinary System--Homework
-Section 4 Reproductive System
--Reproductive System of Avian-Video
-Reproductive System--Homework
-Section 5 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System
--Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System of Avian-Video
-Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System--Homework
-Section 6 Endocrine and Nervous System
--Endocrine and Nervous Sysem of Avian-Video
-Endocrine and Nervous System--Homework
-Section 7 Sensory and Integumentary System
--Sensory and Integumentary System of Avian-Video
-The Sensory and Integumentary System--Homework
-The Anatomical Characteristics of Avian-ppt
-The Final Examination·