1.6在线视频

同学们好
hello everyone

这节课我们来学习第六个知识点
let's learn the Chapter six about

经济法主体及其类型
subject and types of Economic Law

我们先来看
let's first look at the implications and characteristics

经济法主体的含义和特征
of the subject of Economic Law

我们知道
we all know that

任何法律都要调整特定的社会关系
any law shall be applied to adjust certain social relations

并形成相应的法律关系
and form the corresponding legal relationships

在法律关系中
in a legal relationship

法律关系的主体
the subject of legal relationship

是其核心内容之一
is one of its core contents

经济法主体就是
subject of Economic Law is the organization and individual

依据经济法而享有权力和权利
that enjoy power or rights

并承担相应义务的
and undertake corresponding obligations

组织和个体
in accordance with Economic Law

较之于其他法律关系
compared with other legal relations

经济法主体
the subject of economic law

具有明显的特殊性
has obvious particularity

首先
firstly

经济法主体具有广泛性
the subject of economic law has universality

市场经济条件下
under the condition of market economy

参与社会经济生活的主体
the subjects participating in social and economic life

极为广泛
are mostly extensive

一般
generally

包括国家企业和个人
it includes state enterprises and individuals

其中
among it

政府及其
government and its

职能部门或机构
functional departments or agencies

在经济运行中
in the economic operation

居于主导地位
which plays a dominant role in

对市场经济运行进行
carrying out market regulation and macro-control

市场规制和宏观调控
on the operation of market economy

维护正常的市场经济秩序
and maintaining the normal order of market economy

处于基础地位的各市场主体
each market subject in the basic position

全面参与
is fully participate in

市场运行的各环节与活动
all aspects and activities of market operation

其次
secondly

经济法主体地位的差异性
differences of the subjective status of economic law

随着社会经济的发展
with the development of social economy

经济活动参与者之间的实力悬殊加大
the disparity in economic participants is developing

经济法面对这一现实
the economic law when facing this reality

将其主体看作
regards its subject as

实力各不相同的具体个体
a specific individual with different strengths

力求通过政府干预
strives to intervene through the government

实现主体间的利益平衡
and realize the balance among subjects’ interests

例如
for example

在经营者与消费者之间的关系上
in their relationship between operators and consumers

经济法并未如民法一样
the economic law is not like the civil law

将其简单化为
making it simplified as

平等主体之间的合同关系
a contractual relationship between equal subjects

而是正视
it faces up to

消费者处于弱势地位的现实
the reality that consumers are in a weak position

制定了
thereby formulating

消费者权益保护法
Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Act

伸张消费者的权利
to protect the rights of consumers

强化经营者的义务
strengthen the obligations of operators

矫正消费者的弱者地位
and correct the weakness of consumers

再次
besides

经济法主体权利义务
the subjects’ rights and obligations of Economic Law

不对称性
are asymmetrical

基于对实质公平价值的追求
on the basis of pursuit of substantial fair value

经济法主体之间地位的
the status of inter subject of Economic Law

不对等性
is not equivalent

决定了
which determines that

经济法主体的权利义务
the subjects’ rights and obligations of economic law

具有不对称性
are asymmetrical

特定经济法律关系中
in specific economic legal relations

强者的义务与责任
duties and responsibilities of the stronger party

往往多于其权利与权力
often outweigh their rights and powers

与此同时
simultaneously

弱者通常拥有
the weak party usually has

比强者更多的权利与权力
more rights and powers than the strong party

通过这种不对等的
through this unequal

权利义务构造
construction of rights and obligations

经济法在一定程度上
to some certain extents

确定了
the Economic Law has determined

有差别的法律人格
the different legal personality

贯彻了保护弱者
to carry out social standard concept of

保护弱势群体的社会本位理念
protecting the weak or vulnerable group

我们看一下
let's look at

经济法主体的类别
the category of the subject of Economic Law

从我国经济法的规则来看
from the article of China's economic law

经济法主体主要包括两类
the subjects of Economic Law include two items

一类是
one is the institutions

从事宏观调控行为和市场规制行为的机构
engaged in macro-control and market regulation

即
namely

宏观调控机构和
macro-control institutions and

市场规制机构
market regulation institutions

我们称之为调制主体
we also call it the regulating subject

另一类是接受
another one is to accept

调控和规制的主体
the regulation or control of the main subject

即
that is

市场主体
the market subject

我们称之为调制受体
we call this regulating receptor

其在经济法上可以多种形式存在
which can exist in various forms in Economic Law

如经营者
such as the operators

纳税人
taxpayers

商业银行
commercial banks

证券公司等
securities companies and so on

具体说来
to be specific

调制主体中的宏观调控机构
macro-control institution in the regulating subjects

具有以下属性
has the following properties

一是
firstly

宏观调控机构
the macro-control institutions

主要是国家机关
are mainly state agencies

因为宏观调控
because the macro-control

涉及宏观全局
involves the macro-overall situation

关系国计民生
and concerns the national economy and people's livelihood

它要求公权力介入
it requires the participation of public power

公权力干预
and intervention of public power

这就决定了
which determines the subjects of economic

经济法主体
law are mainly the relevant national

主要是履行宏观调控职能的相关国家机构
institutions performing macro-control functions

二是
secondly

宏观调控机构应具有统一性
macro-control institutions shall be unified

也就是说
that is to say

宏观调控机构
macro-control institutions

应上下隶属
shall be subordinate to each other

纵横统一
vertically and horizontally

令行禁止
every order is executed without fail

政令畅通
every government decree is truly carried out

三是
thirdly

宏观调控机构
macro-control institutions

应具有权威性
should have authority

宏观调控也是
macro-control is also

一种利益调整
a kind of interest adjustment

会导致利益的得丧变更
which would result in the losses of interest

会发生重大利益冲突
major conflicts of interest

这就需要有权威机构
this requires an authoritative organization

去协调平衡
to coordinate the balance

宏观调控机构因此
therefore macro-control institutions

也需要具有权威性
also need to have authority

四是
fourthly

宏观调控机构
macro-control institutions

应具有专业性
should be professional

要有效的进行宏观调控
we shall effectively carry out macro-control

必须依靠科学理性
we shall rely on scientific rationality

依靠专业知识
rely on professional knowledge

要有精湛的专业水平
and have the consummate professional level

就是说
that is to say

宏观调控机构应当
macro-control institutions shall

由专家和精英组成
macro-control institutions shall
be composed of experts and elites

由专家和精英组成
be composed of experts and elites

这样才能保证
which can guarantee the

宏观调控机构的权威性
authority of macro-control institutions

五是
fifthly

宏观调控机构应具有民主性
macro-control institutions shall also be democratic

宏观调控是一项
macro-control is a

庞杂的社会工程
complex social project

涉及
involving

社会经济的方方面面
all aspects of society and economy

需要非常全面而充分的
which extremely requires comprehensive and adequate

知识和信息
knowledge and information

需要大众参与
and public participation

调制主体中的市场规制机构
the market regulation institution in the regulating subjects

是市场经济的内在构成要素
is the intrinsic element of market economy

要促进市场经济公平
we shall promote market economy equity

自由
freely

竞争有序地发展
Development of competition orderly

就必须建立和健全
it is necessary to establish and improve

市场规制机构
market regulation institutions

市场规制机构
and market regulatory authorities

具有以下属性
which have the following properties

一是
firstly

市场规制机构
the market regulatory agencies

主要是国家机构
are mainly state institutions

具体包括反垄断机构
specifically including anti-monopoly agencies

反不正当竞争机构和
anti-unfair competition agencies and

其他市场规制机构
other market regulatory agencies

二是
secondly

市场规制机构
the market regulatory authority

是一个专业机构
is a professional agency with obvious

专家执法的特点格外明显
characteristics of expert law enforcement

三是
thirdly

市场规制机构
the market regulatory agency

是一个相对独立的机构
is a relatively independent organization

目的是保证
which aims to ensure

其执法的公正性
the impartiality of its enforcement

四是
fourthly

市场规制机构
market regulatory agencies

不尽是行政机关
are not only administrative organs

目前
at present

我国反垄断
our China's anti-monopoly

和反不正当竞争的执法机构
and anti-unfair competition law enforcement

是市场监管部门
agencies are market regulators

该部门不仅
these departments has not only

享有执法权
the power to enforce the law

还享有一定的准司法权
but also enjoy certain quasi-judicial power

因而
thus

不同于其他纯粹的行政机关
unlike other purely administrative organs

下面我们来看调制受体
now let's look at regulating receptors

我们知道市场是由经营者和
we know that the market is a trading place

消费者二类基本主体构成的一个交易场所
composed of operators and consumers

在政府不干预的情况下
in the absence of government intervention

所有交易都是在这两者之间互相展开的
all transactions are conducted between the two parties

所以
that's why

经营者与消费者
operators and consumers

是最主要的市场主体
are the main market subjects

即调制受体
namely are collectively called the regulating receptor

经济法主要
the Economic Law mainly

在这两者之间配置权利和义务
allocates rights and obligations between the two parties

经营者是指
operators refer to the market subjects who are

依法获准进入市场
permitted to enter the market according to the law

从事生产经营活动的市场主体
or engage in production and business operation

经营者具有以下几个特征
operators generally have the following characteristics

一是
firstly

经营者的身份是一种
the operator's identity is one kind of

市场主体身份
market main body's identity

具有权利属性
and has the attribute of right

二是
secondly

经营者从事的是商品生产
operator is engaged in commodity production

销售
selling

服务或者其他营利性行为
service or other profitable activities

这是经营者最基本的特征
this is the basic characteristic of operators

三是
thirdly

经营者的行为
behaviors of the operator

具有营利性或有偿性
mostly have profitable or compensable

也就是说
in other words

从事生产销售或服务的目的
the purpose of engaging in production

是为了获取利润
sales or service is to make the profits

四是
fourthly

经营者一般需要
operators generally need to

经过法律的认可
be recognized by the laws and

由法律赋予其经营资格
be qualified by laws to operate

根据上述特征
according to the above characteristics

我们可以判断一个人
we can judge whether a person

或组织是否属于经营者
or an organization belongs to an operator

是否应当承担
according to their

经营者的义务和责任
obligations and responsibilities of the operator

现阶段
at this stage

我国可作为经营者的经济实体
China's economic entities that can

主要包含企业
act as operators mainly include enterprises

个体工商户
industrial and commercial households or individuals

农户
peasant households

农村集体经济组织
and rural collective economic organizations

通常意义上的消费者是指
general speaking consumer refers to

为生活消费需要购买和
a person who needs to buy and

使用商品或服务的人
use goods or services for consumption.

这一类市场主体
this kind of market subject

与经营者相比
compared with the operator

在交易中处于弱势地位
stays at a disadvantage in a transaction

无法以
and cannot

自身的实力与经营者相抗衡
compete the operator with their own strengths

需要国家
it is necessary for the state

对其利益进行特殊保护
to give special protection to its interests

综合学界的观点
a comprehensive view of the academic world

消费者具有以下特点
consumers generally have the following characteristics

一是
firstly

消费者只能是自然人
consumer could only be a natural person

二是
secondly

消费者是
consumer is

与经营者直接相对的自然人
a natural person directly facing the operator

没有经营者
if there is no operator

也就没有消费者
there is no consumer

三是
thirdly

消费者是为了满足生活需要而购买
consumers are the natural persons who use or accept services

使用或接受服务的自然人
to satisfy their demands of life

好
ok

这节课我们就讲到这里
that’s all for today

再见
see you