1.2.3在线教育的五要素模型在线视频

综上所述
To sum everything up,

我们可以看到
we can see that

在线教育实际上是随着
online education

互联网这种技术的出现
is actually a new form of education

和它的逐步地推广和扩展开来
emerged at a time when Internet technology

出现了一种新的教育形态
was developing and expanding its borders.

那当互联网出现之后
Shortly after the birth of the Internet,

人们很早就开始尝试
people began to try to

采用这种新的技术
apply this new technology to

去提供教育和教学的这种方式
teaching and educational services.

所以在从1981年
Since 1981,

世界上出现第一门在线课程开始
when the first online course in the world appeared,

人类创制了很多不同的词来称呼
people have created many different terms

这样的一种新型的教育形态
for this new form of education.

比如最早中国在1999年
For example, when China first started

启动的在线教育的最早的探索
its efforts on online education in 1999,

我们把它叫做什么呢
what did we call it?

叫做现代远程教育
We called it "modern remote education".

那么还有人把它称为叫网络教育
Others called it network education,

什么在线教育 在线学习 在线教学
online education, online learning, online teaching,

基于web的教学
web-based instruction,

基于web的学习 基于web的培训
web-based learning, web-based training,

e-learning u-learning m-learning
e-learning, u-learning, m-learning,

还有像慕课
MOOC,

还有SPOC MPOC 等
SPOC, MPOC, and so forth.

所以这样总的来说
While in general,

这些词它指的其实都是同一件事
these terms refer to the same thing,

其实就是在互联网
i.e.,

这样一个全新的生态环境下
the new model of education

出现了一种新型的
appeared in the Internet ecosystem

教育的未来的这个模型和趋势
and its trend in the future.

最后为了让大家对在线教育
Finally, to give you a clear understanding

有一个比较清晰的了解
of online education,

我们把基于历史的
we summarized

这样一个发展过程
its historical development

提炼出一个模型来帮大家来解读
and extracted a model to help you interpret

或者是理解什么是在线教育
or understand what online education is.

这个模型就是我们在这儿
It is

给大家展示的
what I present here,

是一个五要素的模型
a five-element model.

这五要素包括老师和学生
Teachers and students are included in the five elements,

这两个我们就不用解读了
but we don't have to further explain them here.

其中第三个要素叫教学资 源
The third element is called instructional resources.

你看从简单的刚才的历史梳理
You see, after running through its history,

我们会发现教育的这个实施过程
we found that in the process of education,

第一个非常重要的
the most important issue is

是我们怎么样表达
how to express and preserve

和保存人类曾经积累形成的
the wisdom and knowledge

这样一些智慧和知识
accumulated by human beings.

所以它的表达和传播的形态
The forms of expression and transmission

就是我们这特别关注的教育资源
are the instructional resources that we pay special attention to.

那么在口传时代
In the era of oral tradition,

教育的这种
teaching contents were largely

内容的表达和传播形态
expressed and transmitted

最重要的就是这种口头的
through poem chanting

这种吟诵诗歌或者口头的讲授
and oral teaching,

像苏格拉底跟他的学生之间的
like the dialogue

这种口头对话
between Socrates and his students.

所以这是第一类
So, this was the first kind of the instructional resources.

教学资源它可以是口头的
Instructional resources

这样一种讲授
can involve oral teachings.

那么这种讲授方式
Actually, this method of teaching

其实一直持续到今天
has survived to this day.

在大学的课堂上
In today's college classrooms,

我们主要的还是在采用口头语言
we still use oral language

作为一种非常重要的
as a major method

内容的提供方式
for providing content.

那么之后在有了这个
Since the emergence

手工书写和印刷技术之后
of handwriting and printing technology,

我们大量的知识
abundant information

我们会采用纸质的这样一种形态
has been expressed, preserved and transmitted

去表达 去保留 去传播
in the form of printing.

所以这是第二种
This is the second kind of the instructional resources.

那么随着互联网的出现
Then, with the arrival of the Internet,

我们会发现今天大量的资源
we'll find that a lot of resources

它可能是以这种
may be transmitted in new forms,

比如音频
like audio recordings.

像这两年中国
For example, in recent years,

这个知识付费的这种探索里面
China has been exploring the field of paid knowledge.

很多的产品
Many products,

包括像喜马拉雅 得到 等等
including Ximalaya FM and iGet,

它都是以音频的方式
use audio recordings

作为一种知识的主要的
as a major method

表达和传递的方式
to express and pass on knowledge.

所以音视频也成为一种
So, audio recordings and videos have become

越来越重要的
an increasingly important way

一种提供内容的方式
of providing content.

当然除此之外
Additionally,

还有我们今天的
today, we have

你比如说像人类基因测序
a gene database

形成的那个基因数据库
of DNA sequencing.

还有像未来的甚至包括
In the future,

像VR的这样一种新型教育形态
we may see VR and other emergent forms of education.

还有包括像现在
Currently,

有一些这种游戏化 的
we also have

这种内容的组织方式
gamification content.

所以这是第三个重要的要素
This is the third important element.

这个要素你会看到
Speaking of this element,

到互联网出现之后
you'll see that after the birth of the Internet,

其实我们大量的
a large amount of information,

无论原来是在纸上保留的
whether before was preserved on paper

还是通过口语保留的
or passed on orally,

现在全部有一个数字化的趋势
tends to be digitized.

这些资源大量的
In the future,

可能未来无论是它的传播和访问
we, as readers, may pass on and access

我们作为一个读者访问的方式
these vast resources

都会变成数字化
in a digital format.

所以这个其实是我们解读
This is really a significant element

在线教育的一个非常重要的要素
for interpreting online education.

第四个要素就是叫教育场 景
The fourth element is called the educational setting.

这就可以回应到我们前面说的
It echoes the following saying by Mr. Chen Yinke:

陈一介先生说的未有传人也枉然
"We cannot make achievements if no one can read them."

就是对于知识我们还是需要
Knowledge is acquired

有个讨论和解读的过程
through the process of discussion and interpretation.

那这个讨论和解读
But this process should be done in a setting

需要一个交流的场景
where we can communicate.

在传统的课堂教学的这种场景下
With traditional classroom teaching,

我们在课堂里面
our setting is the classroom,

老师和学生
in which teacher and students

对于关于一个知识的讨论解释
discuss or explain certain knowledge points,

或者我们说答疑反馈
ask and answer questions

这样一个场景
and offer feedback.

我们主要是在一个
Everything happens

全部是面对面的
in this setting.

这么一个环境下发生的
We are all face to face.

在我从传播学的角度看
From the perspective of communication studies,

我觉得传统的课堂
I think the traditional classroom

它是一种什么样的场景
is such a setting:

它其实是要求我们所有的人
all people concerned,

老师 学生 旁听的人也一样
including the teacher, students and observers,

所有的人要在同一个时间
are required to be at the same spot

出现在同一个地点
at the same time.

所以这个其实我们可以把它
We can call it

称为是传统课堂
a traditional classroom.

今天我们说的E时代的新课堂
But now we have a new classroom in the E-era.

那E时代的新课堂
It mainly refers to

主要指的是后面的两种
the latter two forms.

你像今天
You know,

我们有大量的那种conference
we have a lot of conferences today,

就国际会议
like international conferences

或者是一些新型的创业公司
or some new types of startups.

他们的教学其实不是在传统课堂
They don't teach students in the traditional classroom.

而是通过什么样的系统
Then what kind of systems do they use

来支撑师生之间
to ensure the exchange and communication

发生这种对话和交流关系
between teachers and students?

通过这种音频会议系统
They use audio conference

或者是视频会议系统
or video conference.

比如说我们国家这两年
For example, in recent years,

一个非常有名的
we've got a very famous startup in China

一个创业项目叫VIPKID
called VIPKID.

它实际上就是通过这种
In fact, VIPKID utilizes

同步的视频课堂的形式
synchronized video lectures,

让美国的老师在美国家里
allowing US teachers

为中国孩子
to teach Chinese children

他也在中国家里进行这种英语的
oral English one-on-one,

一对一的口语教学
while both sides at their own homes.

所以这个
So, this is

其实就是我们互联网时代出现的
a new form of classroom

就E时代的一种新的课堂的
that has arisen

一种新课堂的形态
in the Internet era.

那么这种形态它的特点是什么
What are the characteristics of this form?

它的特点是
The characteristics lie in the fact that

老师和学生可以在地理上
the teacher and students

处于不同的位置
can be in different geographical locations.

但是我们需要在同一时间
But they have to

登录这样一个平台
log into a platform at the same time.

我们才能发生这种面对面的交流
In this way, face-to-face communication can happen.

那么第三种
The third form of new classroom

就是类似这两年出现的
appeared in the recent several years.

在高等教育领域发展非常快的
It's been rapidly developing in the field of higher education.

这种慕课的这种课堂形态
This form of classroom is MOOC.

慕课的课堂形态
If we use a model

如果用传播学的这样一个模型
in communication studies

来解读
to interpret MOOC,

我们可以把它看作是
we may see it as a method

既可以在不同地点
that doesn't require both parties

即可以在不同地点
to stay at the same spot

同时也可以在不同时间
or go online at the same time.

就你比如说老师和学生
That is to say,

可以以异步的方式
the teacher and students

进行这样一种交流交互
can communicate asynchronously.

所以这两个维度我觉得
Therefore, I think these two dimensions

都可以是我们今天
play an important role

在考量什么是在线教育
in our interpretation

以及包括我们认知今天的
of online education

E时代新课堂的
and our understanding

非常重要的一个元素
of the new classroom in the E-era.

第四个元素
This is the fourth element.

然后中间的这个圆形的这个元素
The element in the center ring

我觉得它是任何时代
is the core and soul of education

它都是教育的核心和灵魂
all the time.

这个核心和灵魂是什么
So, what is it?

我把它称为叫教学活动设计
I call it the Instructional Activity Design.

所以按照我们提的
Based on the five-element model

这个五要素的模式
we have proposed,

我们最后来给在线教育
I'll give a summary

做一个这样的总结性的一个陈述
of online education in the end.

在线教育就是教学资源的数字化
Online education is the digitization of instructional resources.

教学交互从原来传统课堂
The location where instructional interactions take place

到E时代新课堂的这样一个
changes from traditional classrooms

就是变化的过程
to the new classroom in the E-era.

以及我们大量的这种师生
Instructional interactions

和生生之间的教学交互
between a large number of teachers and students

都可能是通过在线的场景
and among students themselves

来完成的
may all take place online.

这样一种全新的教育形态
This new form of education

这就是我们这门课程
is exactly the online education

所关注的在线教育
that we are discussing in this course.