3.2不同类型的教师都能得益于混合式教学在线视频

各位老师好
Hello, teachers.

我是清华大学的于歆杰
I'm Yu Xinjie from Tsinghua University.

在这一讲里我们来讨论
In this section, we will talk about

不同类型的老师
how all types of teachers

都能够得益于混合式教学
can benefit from blended teaching.

当然关于什么是混合式教学
As you know, we already explained what blended teaching is

我们前面说过了
in the previous chapter.

那我在这里说的不同类型的老师
Then what types of lecturers are

是指的什么呢
we talking about today?

我觉得当然每个老师
I think every lecturer

都可以有自己的判断
has their own answer to this question.

但是从我角度来说
As far as I'm concerned,

至少可以分成这三种类型的老师
there are three types of lecturers.

他们对于上课来说
When lecturing, they are

面临着各自不同的问题
faced with different problems.

比如说有一类老师
For example, some of them

他科研很强
have a strong scientific research ability.

他做了很多高水平的大量的研究工作
They do a lot of high-level research work

他在科研上的投入很多
and invest heavily in scientific research.

当然人的总时间是有限的
But of course, everyone only has a limited amount of time,

所以他在备课的时候
and as such, the time they spend on lesson preparation

时间有时候就得不到保障
may be insufficient.

这是一种客观情况
This is quite a common phenomenon.

除此之外有另外一位老师他的教学很强
Some Other lecturers have a strong teaching ability.

他非常热爱跟学生的交流
They love to communicate with their students

他教学投入很多
and invest heavily in their lectureseducation.

但是他会逐渐地发现单纯的课堂讲授
However, they gradually find that their lectures

吸引力不够
aren't interesting enough.

因为我们在第一周里已经说到了
As we mentioned in the first week,

慕课 移动互联时代的到来
with the arrival of MOOCs and the mobile internet era,

使得很多老师传统意义上来讲
many lecturers who were traditionally

是学生单一来源的优质教育资源提供者
students' only provider of high-quality educational resources

现在单一来源和优质都在打引号
may not be their only provider today, and what they supply may not be of a high quality either.

所以学生在听你讲的同时
When students are listening to their lecturer,

他没准也在拿着手机拿着笔记本
they may also be listening to another one

听别人讲
on a cellphone or laptop.

所以怎么提升吸引力
So how can you make your lectures more interesting?

第三类老师就像我这样的
The third type of lecturers are just like me,

教学和科研都需要做
who must not only hold give lectures but also conduct scientific research.

比如说我们叫人事制度改革以后
After the personnel system reform,

教研系列的老师
this type of lecturer

我们同时都需要做
were required to invest efforts in both teaching and research.

但是大多数老师教学和科研是两码事
But most lecturers separate teaching and research very disctinctly.

科研做科研的事教学做教学的事
They think teaching is one thing and research is another,

相互之间没有得到很好的促进
but they forget that they're mutually beneficial.

怎么利用混合式教学
How can blended teaching

使得这三类老师都能够有所收益呢
benefit all three types of lecturersteachers?

我在这里抛砖引玉说说我的观点
Today, I will give my opinions, just to set the ball rolling.

首先
First,

对于没有太多时间进行备课的老师
if you are a lecturer teacher with strong scientific research ability,

科研很强的老师
but with little time for lesson preparation,

我的一个非常好的建议就是什么呢
I have some very good advice for you.

你把你这个课程的内容精心的制作
You can use your teaching materials to make an elaborate course

或者说你选择优质的慕课资源
or choose high-quality MOOC resources

这个慕课资源
that can clearly explain

把你这个课程的基本知识
the basic knowledge of

已经讲得很明白了
your course.

你在此基础上
On this basis,

你把你这个课程
you can effectively

经过很有效的教学设计
design your course

让学生在课外来学那些基础知识
and allow students to learn the basic knowledge outside of class.

这些基础知识可以是你自己做的
You can include the basic knowledge in

精美的视频
well-crafted videos,

也可以是你引入的别人做的
or the videos of MOOCs or microlectures

那些慕课或者微课[https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BE%AE%E8%AF%BE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microlecture]的视频
you introduced in your class.

由此做基础
In this way,

你在课堂上就可以有充分的时间
you will have sufficient time in class

跟学生来分享你自己的科研体会
to share your research experience with your students.

或者说你让学生来讲授
You can also ask students to give lectures

他们在做自己小小科研过程中的体会
on their own research processes,

你对他们进行指导
and then offer them guidance on what they present.

这个所带来的好处是什么
What are the benefits of this method?

首先基础知识能够得到保障
Firstly, you can guarantee your students have learned the basic knowledge.

比如你可以选择优质的慕课
For example, you can choose high-quality MOOCs.

除此之外你能够让学生有更加直接的收获
Secondly, students will benefit from your teaching in a more direct way.

因为学生之所以热爱你
After all, the reason they respect you

并不是因为你课上得特别漂亮
is not because you give good lectures,

是因为你科研水平做的高
but because you conduct high-level scientific research.

但是你在传统意义上授课过程中
In the traditional teaching process,

你只能跟他们说基础的知识
you can only teach them the basic knowledge.

现在不是了
But things are much more different in this case.

基础知识已经被在课前解决了
The basic knowledge has been learned before class.

你在课堂上能够直接讲你的科研体验
So you can directly talk about your research experience in class,

学生会直接受益
and students can directly benefit from it.

除此之外你非常有可能
In addition, it's possible that you can

能够在相同教学质量的情况下
save your teaching time in class

节省课内学时
while guaranteeing the same quality of teaching.

也就是说基础的知识
For example,

比如说这是一个两学分的课
you are teaching a two-credit course,

原来要讲32学时
on which you need to spend 32 teaching hours.

但是现在由于有
But not owing to

良好的精美的慕课资源的帮助
the help of well-made MOOC resources,

你有其中10学时甚至16学时
you can request your students to learn the content you intend to use

让学生在课外学了
in 10 or even 16 teaching hours outside of class,.

而且学习质量并不差
and receive good learning quality in turn.This in turn will improve their quality of learning.

你在课堂上用剩下的16学时
Then, during the remaining 16 teaching hours,

来跟学生讨论
you can discuss your research with students.

所以整的课内学时
In this way, your total in-class teaching hours

有可能能够得到降低
may be reduced.

除此之外作为你来讲
Of course,

当然第一次做一个优秀的慕课
it may take you a lot of time

可能会花很多时间
to make a high-quality MOOC for the first time.

比如说32学时
You may spend 100 teaching hours

你可能会花出100个学时来制作
to make a course that consists of 32 teaching hours.

但是这个制作的很多资源
However, many resources in your MOOC

后续可以反复使用
can be repeatedly used in the future.

从总体来讲
So on the whole,

你整个比如说持续看五年
if your MOOC is used for five years,

你整个的投入时间不会增加
the total time you invest will not increase.

有可能反而是降低了
In fact, it may even decrease.

当然最后你的授课效果一定不会差
What's more, the quality of your teaching won't be bad either.

因为这点我刚才已经反复说了
Because as I have repeatedly mentioned above,

学生之所以愿意学你的课
the reason why students choose your course

并不是因为你课讲得好
is not because you can give good lectures,

而是因为你科研做得好
but because you can conduct good scientific research.

所以你能够在课堂上
So in class, you can not only share

跟学生分享你的科研体会
your research experience with your students,

让学生来讲讲他的科研心得
but also allow them to talk about their own experiences,

你给予点评
and give them feedback.

这一点学生是会服气的
If you do this, your students will value your course even more.

所以你的授课效果不会差
In this way, the quality of your teaching will improve dramatically.

这就是你做科研很多的老师
This is a widely-used method for lecturers teachers who invest heavily in scientific research,

利用混合式教学
making use of blended teaching

改善你教学非常重要的手段
to improve their teaching quality.

除此之外
Secondly,

对于这个以教学为主的老师
if you are a lecturer teacher who invests heavily in teaching,

刚才我们说到了
as we have mentioned above,

从课堂教学来讲可能会遇到瓶颈
you may hit a bottleneck in your lectures,

可能会遇到别的老师
as you may be objectively

对你实施的客观上的挑战
challenged by other teachers.

那怎么做呢
So what should you do in this situation?

实际上我们在第一周的课里
In fact, we already briefly spoke about this topic

已经大致提到了
in the first week's class.

你可以善用或者充分的利用慕课资源
You can make good use of MOOC resources

利用雨课堂工具或者spoc平台
and tools like "Rain Classroom" and SPOC platforms.

利用了这类工具以后
After that, you can

你可以在课外布置一些预习任务
assign homework, such as preview tasks.

而且这些工具
These tools will provide you

可以给你进行准确的反馈
with accurate feedback,

你能够更了解学生
which can allow you to better understand your students.

传统意义上来讲
In traditional classrooms,

讲课你怎么了解学生
you can only

你只不过说
get a general

大致定性的知道一下
and qualitative understanding of your students.

学生是不是跟的上你
For example, you can only know if they can keep up with your teaching.

现在不是了
But the situation is different now.

我们后几周会跟各位详细的说道
In the next few weeks, we will discuss in detail

你怎么能够非常准确地
how you can get an accurate

定量地了解学生
and quantitative understanding of your students.

你了解了他们
Only after you understand them

你就可以开展更有针对性的教学
can you carry out your teaching more effectively.

这样就使得什么呢
In the end,

你还是在上那些课
there will be no fundamental change in

你的课程的内容还没有根本的改变
your course, teaching content or

你的学时也没有根本的改变
teaching hours.

但是你的课内学时
But your in-class teaching hours

得到了更充分的利用
will have been used more efficiently,

因为学生在课堂里面的
because students

思维活跃水平更高了
can think more actively during class.

由于你了解他
As you begin to know them better

由于你所采取的各种教学手段
and your teaching methods

更直接针对他当前的接受状态
target their current understanding more directly,

所以他当然思维活跃水平更高
they will definitely start to think more actively.

由于学生在课堂里
The more actively

思维活跃水平更高了
students think in class,

那你老师在学生心目中的地位
the more they will begin

就会更高
to appreciate your teaching.

因为是你使得他们更嗨了
After all, you're making them happier through your teaching.

所以这就化被动为主动了
This is how you can regain the initiative.

原来另外一个老师
Previously, a teacher

他以更通俗易懂的形式
made an MOOC which was more popular

做成了慕课放在网上
and easier to understand than yours,

对你的教学构成了挑战
which posed a challenge to your teaching.

但是现在你善用这些幕课资源
But now, you can make good use of MOOC resources

让学生在课前进行一点点的预习
and allow students to prepare for their lessons before class.

使得你能够在课前了解到学生的情况
In this way you can better understand your students before class

课堂上实施有针对性的讨论
and make your discussions more targeted during class.

这样学生对你的依赖程度更高了
In the end, students will rely more on you.

因为那些更优秀的老师他并不知道
Those teachers who may be more experienced than you

你的学生
have no idea about your students'

在学习这些资源的时候的感悟的困惑
problems when attending class,

而你在课堂上
whereas you can

如果能够了解他们的感悟和困惑
understand their inspirations feelings and problems,

分享他们的感悟
and even share their inspirationsfeelings

解决他们的困惑的话
and solve their problems in class.

当然学生对你的心态
So students are certain to discover that

跟传统的听课会完全的不一样
you are completely different from those traditional teachers.

这就是以教学为主的老师
For teachers who invest heavily in teaching,

在当前这个时代
this is a very important way to

突破教学困境非常重要的手段
get out of their teaching predicament in the current era.

那么第三
If you belong to the third type,

对于像我这样
just like me,

教学科研需要均衡发展的老师呢
who needs to develop their teaching and scientific research skills in a balanced way,

我想非常重要的是
I think the best method you can use is

首先在课外学习任务上
to include learning more intasks

要给学生适度的做加法
for students' out-of-class learning mission moderately to complete outside of class,

要让他们有一点点做科研的体会
so that they can gain some experience in scientific research.

除此之外我要在课堂教学上
In addition, you can introduce your research

把我的科研案例引入课堂教学
to your classroom teaching.

就是所谓的
This is e so-called

科研来反哺教学这么一个问题
"research-nurturing teaching.".

那么由于我做了这件事儿
After doing this,

我在课内的教学内容要适度的做减法
you should act to decrease your teaching content in class.

这个很多老师是不敢做
Many lecturers teachers dare not do this,

或者不愿意做的
or are unwilling to do so.

但是由于有慕课
But owing to the help of MOOCs,

由于有翻转课堂混合式教学的帮助
flipped classrooms and blended teaching,

我们可以适度的
we can effectively

减少一些课内教学内容
decrease our teaching content in class

让学生在课堂里展开讨论
and allow students to have discussions in class.

比如说对我引入的科研案例展开讨论
For example, they can discuss the research you have introduced.

而且非常有可能
What's more,

尤其是对高年级或者研究生课来说
if you teach senior or graduate students,

学生在课堂里
the fruits of their classroom discussions

对科研案例展开讨论的收效
about scientific your research cases

对于我后续开展这方面的科研
may even promote your

是有促进的
future research.

比如说我说很直接的是
To put it simply,

学生对这个话题感兴趣
if students are interested in the topic,

他就非常有可能后续读我的研究生
it's very likely that they will choose you as their tutor during their postgraduate studies.

除此之外
In addition,

他们所表现出来的一些兴趣
they may develop an interest in your research

非常有可能在他们的课程论文里
and even write short essays about it

写成小论文
which will be included in their course papers.

而且这些论文后续进一步丰富以后
These papers can be further enriched,

有可能我们联合发表论文
and finally, be jointly published by you and your students.

所以这些讨论的收获
So the fruits of their discussions

对于我开展科研是有促进和帮助的
can promote your scientific research.

从这个意义上来讲
In this sense,

我们利用混合式教学
blended teaching can

是既实现了科研对教学的反哺
help us achieve a mutual improvement

也实现了教学对科研的促进
in our teaching and scientific research,

所以能够实现教研相长
so that we can do better in both.

好 总结一下
Ok. To sum up what we've just discussed,

我感觉来讲
I think

实施混合式教学
blended teaching

对于不同类型的老师都可能有帮助
can benefit all types of teachers.

比如说你是一个做科研很多的老师
If you invest heavily in scientific research

你没有时间备课
and have no time for lesson preparation,

那么你就制作一个精美的慕课
you can make an elaborate MOOC,

用于帮助学生预习课堂的基本知识
from which your students can learn the basic knowledge of your course before class.

你在课堂上更多的跟他交流科研经验
Then you will have more time to share your research experience with them in class

学生对你敬仰如滔滔江水
and they will admire you even more.

比如你是一个上课
If you are excellent at

教学质量很好的老师
delivering lectures,

但是你想进一步提高教学质量
but you hit a bottleneck in

你可能会遇到一些瓶颈
improving your teaching quality,

那么你就利用雨课堂这类的
then you can use Rain Classroom and many other

移动互联时代的工具
tools from the mobile internet era

来加强课堂里边的交互
to enhance the interaction between you and your students in class.

让学生对你的课堂欲罢不能
In this way, your students will enjoy your lectures even more.

还有比如说有的老师
If you need to invest efforts in

你是教学科研型的
both teaching and scientific research,

你原来做不到相互促进
but you are unable to improve them both simultaneously,

现在你采用一些手段
then you can find a way to

让学生课前适度的自学
allow students to learn some knowledge on their own before class.

在课堂上展现你的科研成果
During class, you can show them your research achievements

跟学生充分的讨论
and have a full discussion with them.

这可能促进你本身的科研发展
In turn, it may even enhance the development of your own research.

好 我这一讲就讲到这里
Ok. That's all for today.

我也预祝不同类型的老师
I hope all types of lecturersteachers

能够借助混合式教学
can make full use of blended teaching

拓展你的科研拓展你的教学
to develop their teaching and scientific research.

谢谢大家
Thank you.