预处理、编译和链接相关命令参考

可执行文件的创建——预处理、编译和链接

shiyanlou:~/ $ cd Code                                                [9:27:05]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ vi hello.c                                          [9:27:14]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ gcc -E -o hello.cpp hello.c -m32                    [9:34:55]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ vi hello.cpp                                        [9:35:04]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ gcc -x cpp-output -S -o hello.s hello.cpp -m32      [9:35:21]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ vi hello.s                                          [9:35:28]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ gcc -x assembler -c hello.s -o hello.o -m32         [9:35:58]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ vi hello.o                                          [9:38:44]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ gcc -o hello hello.o -m32                           [9:39:37]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ vi hello                                            [9:39:44]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ gcc -o hello.static hello.o -m32 -static            [9:40:21]
shiyanlou:Code/ $ ls -l                                               [9:41:13]
-rwxrwxr-x 1 shiyanlou shiyanlou   7292  3\u6708 23 09:39 hello
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shiyanlou shiyanlou     64  3\u6708 23 09:30 hello.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shiyanlou shiyanlou  17302  3\u6708 23 09:35 hello.cpp
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shiyanlou shiyanlou   1020  3\u6708 23 09:38 hello.o
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shiyanlou shiyanlou    470  3\u6708 23 09:35 hello.s
-rwxrwxr-x 1 shiyanlou shiyanlou 733254  3\u6708 23 09:41 hello.static

目标文件及链接

ELF目标文件格式

ELF文件格式 -- （中文翻译版）
查看ELF文件的头部
1. shiyanlou:Code/ $ readelf -h hello
查看该ELF文件依赖的共享库
1. shiyanlou:sharelib/ $ ldd main [21:25:56]
2. linux-gate.so.1 => (0xf774e000) # 这个是vdso - virtual DSO：dynamically shared object，并不存在这个共享库文件，它是内核的一部分，为了解决libc与新版本内核的系统调用不同步的问题，linux-gate.so.1里封装的系统调用与内核支持的系统调用完全匹配，因为它就是内核的一部分嘛。而libc里封装的系统调用与内核并不完全一致，因为它们各自都在版本更新。
3. libshlibexample.so => /home/shiyanlou/LinuxKernel/sharelib/libshlibexample.so (0xf7749000)
4. libdl.so.2 => /lib32/libdl.so.2 (0xf7734000)
5. libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf7588000)
6. /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xf774f000)
7. shiyanlou:sharelib/ $ ldd /lib32/libc.so.6 [21:37:00]
8. /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xf779e000)
9. linux-gate.so.1 => (0xf779d000)
10. # readelf -d 也可以看依赖的so文件
11. shiyanlou:sharelib/ $ readelf -d main [21:28:04]
12. Dynamic section at offset 0xf04 contains 26 entries:
13. 0x00000001 (NEEDED) 共享库：[libshlibexample.so]
14. 0x00000001 (NEEDED) 共享库：[libdl.so.2]
15. 0x00000001 (NEEDED) 共享库：[libc.so.6]
16. 0x0000000c (INIT) 0x80484f0
17. 0x0000000d (FINI) 0x8048804
18. 0x00000019 (INIT_ARRAY) 0x8049ef8