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Hello
大家好

and welcome to the course
欢迎来到课程

of Films and Cultural Studies
《英语电影与文化》

I will be with you in this course to learn
在本课程中 我将和大家一起学习

something about the form in films
电影中的形式

This is an introductory section
在这一讲中

and we will look at some basic issues
我们会了解一些

related to film form
与电影形式有关的基本问题

namely what form is
即什么是形式

what the formal features are in a film
电影中的形式的特征

and what functions they have
以及它们具有什么功能

Artistic form is best thought of
艺术形式

in relation to a perceiver
常常与其感知者相关联

the human being
这些感知者包括

who is reading a novel for example
阅读小说

watching a play
观看戏剧

or viewing a film
或电影的人

Consider this: what can you see in a painting?
思考一下 你可以在画中看到什么?

You see, first of all, a frame
首先 您会看到一个画框

It’s normally rectangular
它通常是矩形

but could also be in other shapes
但也可以是其他形状

Within a frame, we can see shapes, colors, etc
在画框内 我们可以看到形状、颜色等

They are organized in a way to guide
它们以某种方式组织起来

our eyes to a certain meaning
引导着我们的眼睛去了解某种意义

Then, what do we need to analyze a painting?
然后 我们要如何分析这一幅画?

We need the knowledge
我们需要

of color, shape, and composition
色彩、形状和构图方面的知识

For instance, we see in a portrait a human figure
例如 我们在一幅肖像看到一个人

Meantime, we also can see everything
与此同时 我们也可以看到

related to this person: his or her outlook
与这个人有关的一切:他或她的外形

facial expressions, body gesture
面部表情,身体姿态

dressing styleand so on.
穿着风格等等

All these elements are designed
所有这些元素

by the painter
都是由画家设计

to cue us to an interpretation.
用以提示我们去解读

Say, if this person frowns with her eyebrows
 如果说这个人眉头紧锁

eyes watery and out of focus
眼泪汪汪

we can infer that she might be worried and even sad.
我们就可以推断她可能心里充满担忧或甚至悲伤

Like painting, a film has form.
像绘画一样,电影也具有形式

By film form, in its broadest sense
广义上的电影形式指

we mean the overall system of
观众在看电影时

relations that we can perceive
所认知到的

among the elements in the whole film.
整体结构

The viewer makes sense of the film
观众通过辨别这些形式的元素

by recognizing the formal elements
来理解电影

and reacting to them in various ways.
并作出相应反应

A film consists of many shots.
一部电影有很多镜头

Each shot has a frame that contains elements
一个镜头有一个景框

similar to what we can find in a painting
其中绘画中找到的类似的元素

only that they are moving.
只不过这个画框是移动的

We also pick out a set of formal elements.
在电影的景框中, 我们也可以挑出一些形式的元素

Formal elements depend on
电影的形式依赖于

various film techniques.
各种电影技术

There are three major sets of film techniques
电影的形式表征主要通过三种表现手法

leading to formal representations in films.
体现出来

They are mise-en-scène, cinematography and editing.
它们是场面调度,电影摄影和剪辑

Mise-en-scène means what
场面调度指

appears within the frame of a film.
电影景框内出现的内容

Cinematography deals with camera work
电影摄影主要指摄影机的运动

and editing focuses on the relationships
剪辑则侧重于两个镜头

between two shots.
之间的关系

We will be exploring these three
我们会更详细地探讨这三种电影表现手法

techniques in more detail in later sections.
在之后的课程中

In the next section, we will begin to
在下一讲

look at the first technique mise-en-scène
我们将讨论电影场面调度

and in particular setting.
及其中的布景

And that is it for this section.
这就是这一讲的内容

Thank you for joining us, and see you next time!
感谢观看,下次再见

英语电影与文化课程列表:

Part I Form and Narrative Unit 1 Film Form I.

-1.1 Overview

--Video

-1.2 Mise-en-scène: setting

--Video

-1.3 Mise-en-scène: lighting

--Video

-1.4 Mise-en-scène: character appearance

--Video

-1.5 Mise-en-scène: performance

--Video

-1.6 Screen space and composition

--Video

-1.7 Case study

--Video

-Unit1 Questions for discussion

-Unit 1 单元测试

-Unit 1 Film Form I

Unit 2 Film Form II

-2.1 Introduction of cinematography

--Video

-2.2 Cinematography: angle of framing

--Video

-2.3 Cinematography: camera distance

--Video

-2.4 Cinematography: mobile framing

--Video

-2.5 Case study

--Video

-Unit 2 Questions for discussion

-Unit 2 单元测试

-Unit 2 Film Form II

Unit 3 Film Narrative I

-3.1 Overview

--Video

-3.2 Openings, closings, and story development

--Video

-3.3 Range of story information: restricted or unrestricted

--Video

-Unit 3 Questions for discussion

-Unit 3 单元测试

-Unit 3 Film Narrative I

Unit 4 Film Narrative II

-4.1 Overview

--Video

-4.2 Editing and speed of narrative

--Video

-4.3 Chronology and continuity editing

--Video

-4.4 Flashbacks and editing

--Video

-Unit 4 Questions for Discussion

-Unit 4 单元测试

-Unit 4 Film Narrative II

Part II Film Critique Unit 5 Film Semiotics

-5.1 Overview

--Video

-5.2 What is semiotics?

--Video

-5.3 Christian Metz

--Video

-5.4 Roland Barthes (Part 1)

--Video

-5.5 Roland Barthes (Part 2)

--Video

-5.6 Case study: 2001: A Space Odyssey

--Video

-Unit 5 Questions for Discussion

-Unit 5 单元测试

-Unit 5 Film Semiotics

Unit 6 Film Ideology

-6.1 Overview

--Video

-6.2 Origins of film ideology

--Video

-6.3 Media and technology

--Video

-6.4 Cultural hegemony and counterhegemony

--Video

-6.5 Case study: Star Trek

--Video

-Unit 6 Questions for discussion

-Unit 6 单元测试

-Film Ideology

Unit 7 Film and Gender

-7.1 Overview

--Video

-7.2 Woman and film

--Video

-7.3 Feminist film theory and practice

--Video

-7.4 Case study: Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

--Video

-7.5 Masculinity

--Video

-7.6 Queer Cinema

--Video

-Unit 7 Questions for discussion

-Unit 7 单元测试

-Unit 7 Film and Gender

Unit 8 Film and Race

-8.1 Overview

--Video

-8.2 Race and racism

--Video

-8.3 Stereotypes of racial representation

--Video

-8.4 Whiteness

--Video

-8.5 Case study: Rabbit-Proof Fence

--Video

-Unit 8 Questions for discussion

-Unit 8 单元测试

-Unit 8 Film and Race

Unit 9 Film and Ethnicity

-9.1 Overview

--Video

-9.2 Edward Said and Orientalism

--Video

-9.3 Cultural Imperialism

--Video

-9.4 Self-orientation

--Video

-9.5 Case study I: Mulan

--Video

-9.6 Case study II: M Butterfly

--Video

-Unit 9 Questions for discussion

-Unit 9 单元测试

-Unit 9 Film and Ethnicity

Unit 10 Film and Psychoanalysis

-10.1 Overview

--Video

-10.2 Early Background

--Video

-10.3 Jacques Lacan

--Video

-10.4 Laura Mulvey

--Video

-10.5 Case Study: Shutter Island

--Video

-Unit 10 Questions for discussion

-Unit 10 单元测试

-Unit 10 Film and Psychoanalysis

Part III Synthesis Unit 11 The English Patient: Form and Narrative

-11.1 Overview

--Video

-11.2 Story

--Video

-11.3 Character: the enigmatic English patient

--Video

-11.4 Mise-en-scène: setting

--Video

-11.5 Narrative

--Video

-11.6 Music

--Video

-Unit 11 Questions for discussion

-Unit 11 单元测试

-Unit 11 The English Patient: Form and Narrative

Unit 12 The English Patient: Critical Analysis

-12.1 Signs and Symbols

--Video

-12.2 Nationalism in The English Patient

--Video

-12.3 Almasy as the misogynist and Katharine as a feminist

--Video

-12.4 Kip as the Other

--Video

-Unit 12 Questions for discussion

-Unit 12 单元测试

-Unit 12 The English Patient: Critical Analysis

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