Video在线视频

Hello, and welcome back.
你好，欢迎回来

This is the first section of Unit 2.
这是第二单元的第一节

In this unit, we will continue to examine the form in films
在本单元中，我们将继续研究电影中的形式

in terms of cinematography（电影摄影）.
从电影摄影的角度

Cinematography literally means writing in movement.
电影学字面意思是“以摄影机运动来书写”

We can see it is different from photography
它不同于摄影

meaning writing in light.
意思是以光线书写

Cinematography basically deals with the issues of
电影摄影基本上涉及

how the camera used in shooting a film.
相机如何用于电影拍摄的问题

This includes the position the camera
这包括摄影机位置

is placed in relation to the characters
与角色的关系

the camera distance as well as its movement.
还有摄影距离及其运动方向

In controlling mise-en-scène
在场面调度中

the filmmaker stages an event to be filmed.
导演将一个要拍摄的事件展示出来

But just putting everything in the front
但把一切都放在我们面前

does not create a film.
并不能创造出一部电影

Different from the three-dimensional theatre stage
与三维戏剧舞台不同

a film needs to be framed for the viewer
一部电影需要为观众提供

as moving pictures.
电影作为移动画面的取景

The moving of the camera helps determine
摄影机的移动能决定

what we see and, how we see it.
我们看到了什么、如何看到它

The selections made by the camera movement
摄影机运动的选择

therefore, create meaning.
因此就创造了意义

It is because of this that the camera work
正因为如此，摄影机技巧

is of great importance.
才显得非常重要

It leads to certain cinematographic qualities in films.
它构成了电影中某些特定的摄影品质

They are (1) the photographic aspects of the shot;
它们是（1)镜头的摄影方面

(2) the framing of the shot
(2)镜头的取景

and (3) the duration of the shot.
(3）镜头的持续时间

The photographic aspects of a shot
镜头的摄影

refer to those qualities which are related to our vision.
是指那些与我们的视觉相关的方面

Human eyes are highly sensitive to differences in colors,
人类的眼睛对颜色

texture, shape and other pictorial elements.
纹理、形状和其他图案元素中的差异高度敏感

Contrasts in an image enable the film to guide
图像中的对比让电影能引导

the viewer to important aspects in the frame.
观众了解景框中的重要特性

Filmmakers control the degree of contrast in various ways.
导演以各种方式控制着对比的程度

In general, a very “fast” film stock is highly sensitive to
一般来说，感光“快”的底片对光高度敏感

reflected light and so will produce a bigger contrast.
因而会产生高对比度的影响

The light used on set, during shooting,
在拍摄过程中，在场景上使用的光

can also affect the image’s degree of contrast.
也会影响影像的对比度

No matter what film stock is chosen
无论选择什么电影胶片

there will meaning once the lights
一旦灯光和颜色被用为对比

and colors are arranged for contrasts.
就会产生意义

Let’s compare the following two frames
我们来比较一下两个

taken from two different films.
不同电影中的镜头

These two frames are taken respectively from
这两个画面分别取自

Out of Africa and The Girl on the Train.
《走出非洲》和《火车上的女孩》

The two films, if examined one by one
这两部电影，如果单独来看

seem to have not much difference
似乎没有太大的区别

in terms of color and lighting.
在颜色和灯光方面

But, if we put the two of them together
但是，如果我们把它们放在一起

the differences stand out.
差异就会突显出来

It is noticeable that
值得注意的是

Out of Africa was shot overexposed（过度曝光）
《走出非洲》的镜头是过度曝光的

meaning too much light passes through the camera lens.
指通过相机镜头的光线太多

This overexposure cannot
这种过度曝光

of course, be treated as a mistake.
当然不能被视为错误

It is done totally for the creation of meaning.
它完全是为了创造意义而为之

As we know, this film is concerned mainly
如我们所知，这部电影主要关注的是

with what's happened in Africa
非洲发生的事情

a place with vast land and sunshine
一个有着广阔土地和阳光的地方

so the overexposure is used to create the kind of
所以过度曝光用来为观众创造一种

bright sensation for the viewer.
明亮的感觉

The Girl on the Train, on the other hand
而《火车上的女孩》

can be considered as under-exposed（曝光不足）.
则可以被视作曝光不足

What we see in the film are mostly in shadow.
我们在这部电影中看到的大多是阴影

In addition to this
此外

the color tonalities（色调） of it include
它的色调包括

what we call “cold color schemes”（冷色系）
我们称为“冷色系”的

such as metallic grey（金属灰）, green and black.
金属灰、绿色和黑色等

We know this film, The Girl on the Train
《火车上的女孩》这部电影

is about a man killing his lover
是关于一个男人杀死他的爱人

but made his ex-wife the seem-to-be murderer.
确嫁祸给他前妻的故事

The film, in terms of genre, is a thriller.
从体裁上看，这部电影是一部惊悚片

And the use of under-exposure and cool color schemes
而使用曝光不足和冷色系的配色方案

are standard for thrillers.
是惊悚片的标配

Apart from how the film stock（电影胶片）
除了如何

is chosen and manipulated
选择和控制底片

another important aspect of visual quality
视觉效果的另一个重要方面是

is related to how the camera frames the characters.
摄影机如何展示角色

In the following sections
在接下来内容中

we will begin to examine aspects contributing to framing.
我们将讨论摄影构图方面的问题

These include camera position
包括摄影机位置

camera distance and camera angle.
摄影距离和摄影角度

That’s all for this section.
这就是本讲的全部内容

See you next time
下次见！