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同学你好
hello everyone

这节课我们来学习
let's study this lesson

经济法的产生与发展这个知识点
origin and development of economic law

我们知道
we know

每一个部门法都有其历史
every department law has its history

鉴往知来
to know from the past

可以更好的理解该部门法
we can better understand the department's law

并认识其发展趋势
and understand its development trend

经济法亦然
the economic law is on the contrary

越来越多的理论和证据
more and more theories and evidences

表明
show that

建立在市场体制之上
the economic law based on the market system

具有现代意义的经济法
and has modern significance

最早出现在国外
first appeared in foreign countries

经济法的词源来自于法国
the etymology of economic law comes from France

生成于德国
born in Germany

发展在两极世界
developed in a bipolar world

并特别存在于
and exists especially in the countries of

英美法系国家
Anglo-American law system

我们先来看
let's first look at the emergence of

经济法概念的产生
the concept of economic law

依
according to

目前文献所记和考证
the current literature and textual research

经济法一词可以追溯至
the term economic law dates back to

18世纪中期
the middle of the18 th century

法国空想社会主义者的学说
the doctrine of French utopian socialists

1755年
in 1755

摩莱里在其传世之作
Morelly put forward the concept of economic law

《自然法典》中首次提出了经济法的概念
in his masterpiece Code De La Nature

1842年
in 1842

法国空想共产主义者的著名代表之一
one of the famous representative of French

德萨米
utopian communist Dezamy

在《公有法典》一书中
in his book Code de La Communaute

也使用了经济法这个概念
also use the concept of economic law

并且发展了
and developed

摩莱里的经济法思想
Morelly's thoughts of economic law

但是上述浪漫而激情的乌托邦空想
but all the above romantic and passionate

展现给我们的
utopian fantasies present us

只是经济法这一术语及其意念
are only the term economic law and its ideas

其并不具有现代内涵
it does not have modern connotation

更不具有经济法学上的意义
it is even less significant in economic law

经济法的真正始作俑者
the real originator of economic law

当推法国经济学家
is the French economist

政治学家普鲁东
and politician Proudhon

他在1865年发表的
In his book published in 1865

《论工人阶级的政治能力》一书中
On the Political Ability of the Working Class

首次提出和使用了
first put forward and used the concept

经济法这一概念
of economic law

普鲁东的经济法概念
Proudhon's concept of economic law

从法域上
from the realm of law

将其界定为公法和私法的
defined it as public and private laws’

补充和必然结果
supplementary and inevitable results

而且
moreover

主张
it holds that

经济法是能够实现社会的
economic law can realize the foundations

普遍和解的
of a universally reconciled

社会组织制度的基础
system of social organization

这大大提升了
this has greatly enhanced

经济法效力的地位
the economic law’s status of the effectiveness

与我们今天所主张的经济法理念
and the concept that we advocate today

有着相当程度的契合
have a fair degree of agreement

他被誉为
he was well deserved with the honor of

现代经济法之父的殊荣当之无愧
the father of modern economic law

如前所述
as mentioned above

经济法一词虽然
although the term economic law

产生于法国
originated in France

但是法国却未能
but France has failed to

就此产生实在的经济法
produce substantial economic laws

经济法由空想转变为现实并
the economic law transforming from fantasy

见诸于实践
into reality and practice

需要
requires

经济社会关系的发展
the development of economic social relations

和国家经济职能
and the transformation of national economic function

与经济政策的转变
and economic policies

需要
it needs

国家立法实践与
the transformation of national legislation practice

法学家思维方式的转换
and jurists' thinking modes

更需要
moreover it needs

适宜的法律文化氛围
a suitable legal and cultural atmosphere

实现这一转变的重任
the task of achieving this transformation

由历史选择了德国
falls down upon Germany chose by history

从19世纪初开始
from the beginning of the 19th century

德国为了实现赶超目标
in order to achieve the goal of catching up

大力发展经济
Germany vigorously developed the economy

并
and at the same time of

在推动制定民法典的同时
promoting the formulation of the Civil Code

非常注重
attached great importance to

运用法律手段
the use of legal means

规范经济活动
to regulate economic activities

颁布了大量的律令
issued a large number of laws

例如
for example

1845年
promulgated in 1845

颁布的《工商业条例》
the Regulation on Industry and Commerce

通过监督和预防
through supervision and prevention of

工商营业活动
industrial and commercial business activities

维护公共安全和秩序
maintained the public security and order

而且该条例历经多次修改
and the regulation has been amended many times

一直沿用至今
and has been used up to now

这些早期有关经济活动的法律
these early laws about economic activities

成为后来经济法的最初萌芽
later became the first sprout of economic law

现代意义的经济法
the economic law of modern significance

产生于20世纪初期的德国
arose from Germany in the early 20th century

德国于1896年通过的
adopted by Germany in 1896

《反不正当竞争行为斗争法》
the Law on the Struggle against Unfair Competition

是世界上第一部
is the first law in the world

规制不正当竞争行为的法律
to regulate unfair competitions

1909年德国制定了新的
Germany made a new one in 1909

《反不正当竞争法》
the Law against Unfair Competition

这是经济法在
this is an important symbol of the emergence

大陆法系产生的一个重要标志
of economic law in the continental law system

英国和美国
Britain and the United States

作为英美法系国家
as the countries of common law system

虽无经济法之名
although there is no name for economic law

却有经济法之实
but there is substantial economic law

英国是
Britain was

最早通过制定法
the first country to make laws to

规制经济活动的国家
regulate economic activities

17 18世纪
in the 17th and 18th centuries

英国就制定了
England established

许多规范经济活动的法律
many laws regulating economic activities

英国也是中央银行
Britain is also the father of central bank

和中央银行法的鼻祖
and central bank law

1826年
in 1826

英国议会
the British Parliament

就制定了《银行券法》
enacted the Bank Notes Act

在制定《谢尔曼法》之前
before the Sherman Act was enacted

美国同样存在着零星的
there are also sporadic statutes regulating

规范经济活动的成文法
economic activities in the United States

其中
among them

1887年的《洲际贸易法》
the Intercontinental Trade Law of 1887

具有划时代的意义
has an epoch-making significance

该法不仅
the law not only

以法律形式对贸易行为进行规范
regulates trade behaviors in the form of law

而且设立了第一个监管机构
but also set up the first regulatory body

洲际贸易委员会
Intercontinental Trade Commission

是第一个
it was the first law to regulate

用行政权规制市场的法律
the market with administrative power

美国国会于1890年通过了
the United States congress passed in 1890

《保护贸易及
An Act to Protect Trade and Commerce against

商业以免非法限制及垄断法案》
Unlawful Restrictions and Monopolies

就是我们熟知的简称的《谢尔曼法》
Sherman Act as we know it for short

开始对竞争行为进行规制
begin to regulate competition behaviors

1914年的
In 1914

《克莱顿法》
the Clayton Act

和《联邦贸易委员会法》
and the Federal Trade Commission Act

进一步完善了竞争法
further improved the competition law

并开始
and began to

从法律和行动上对消费者进行保护
protect consumers from the law and action

1929年爆发的经济危机
the economic crisis that broke out in 1929

重创了整个世界
devastated the whole world

需要从法律上
it is necessary by law to regulate

全面对经济活动进行规范
economic activities in an all-round way

经济法从此
since then

进入一个
the economic law has entered

快速发展阶段
a period of rapid development

规制范围不断向
the scope of regulation is constantly

新的市场领域扩展
expanding into new market areas

纵观
throughout the emergence

经济法产生和发展的原因
and development of the economic law

我们会发现
we'll find out

19世纪末
at the end of the 19th century and

20世纪初
the beginning of the 20th century

经济法之所以
the reason that the economic law appears in

在两大法系同时出现
both two major legal systems

并在此后迅速发展
and has developed rapidly since then

不是立法机关或个人的偏好
is not a legislative or personal preference

而是由经济
but the result decided by the economy

社会
society

政治和
politics

法律等因素共同决定的结果
and law together

从经济原因上看
for economic reasons

发端于18世纪的工业革命
the industrial revolution began in the 18th century

是
is the basic factor

推动经济法产生和
to promote the emergence and

不断发展的基本因素
development of economic law

同时
at the same time

市场经济的缺陷
the defect of market economy

即市场失灵
which is market failure

是
is an important reason

经济法产生的重要原因
for the emergence of economic law

经济法就是运用法律手段
the economic law uses legal means

通过规范经济行为
and regulate economic behaviors

克服市场失灵
to overcome market failures

从社会原因看
from the point of view of social reasons

工业化不仅改变了
industrialization has not only changed

人们的生产和生活方式
the way people produce and live

而且从根本上
and fundamentally

改变了原有的社会结构
changed the original social structure

形成了许多新的
it has formed many new

社会群体和社会关系
social groups and social relations

不同的群体进行利益博弈
different groups conducting interest games

是
is the direct reason

推动经济法产生
of promoting the emergence

和发展的直接原因
and development of economic law

从政治原因看
from political reasons

国家对经济活动
the countries’ attitudes on economic activities

从放任到干预
from not interfering to intervention

是
is the important reason

经济法产生的重要原因
for the emergence of the economic law

对公权力是构建社会秩序
a new understanding that the public power is

和维护个人权利不可或缺的
indispensable means of constructing social

手段的重新认识
orders and safeguarding individual rights

是经济法产生的权力基础
is the power basis for economic law

同时
meanwhile

通过法律手段
using legal means to

防控政府失灵
prevent and control government failure

是推动
is an important reason to promote

经济法发展的重要原因
the development of economic law

从法律原因看
from legal reasons

市场经济形成了
the market economy has formed

一种宏观调控关系
a kind of macro-control relationship and

和市场规制关系
a kind of market regulation relationship

这种社会关系具有普遍性
this kind of social relationship is universal

内在的需要国家干预
the intrinsic need for state intervention

而已有的法律部门各有其
and existing legal departments have their own

定位和职能
positioning and functions

它们不能或不宜
they can't or shouldn't

对这种社会关系进行调整
adjust this kind of social relationship

于是出现了法律空白
therefore there are legal blanks

需要新兴的法律部门
requiring new legal departments

予以弥补
to make amends

在这种情况下
in this case

经济法就出现了
the economic law emerged

以西方经济法为参照
taking the Western Economic Law as reference

中国经济法的生成
China's Economic Law’s formation and

发展与其具有理论上的传承性
development have the theoretical inheritance

学术上的延续性
academic continuity

并且具有某些相似的政治
and have some similar politics

经济和体制的动因
economic and institutional drivers

但是
however

中国经济法的
the China’s Economic Law’s

产生和发展
emergence and development

表明
shows that

其有着自身的特殊性
it has its own particularity

中国经济法产生于
the China's Economic Law came into being

经济体制改革时期
in the period of economic system reform

萌芽于
sprouted on

计划经济体制基础之上
the basis of a planned economic system

发展于
and developed in the establishment period

中国社会主义市场经济体制建立时期
of China's socialist market economic system

并且几乎与
and almost developed simultaneous with

民商法
the civil and commercial law

行政法同时发展
and the administrative law

如果说在西方国家
in western countries

经济法
if the economic law is born out of from

是从民商法
the civil and commercial law

行政法中脱胎而来的
and the administrative law

那么在中国
then in China

经济法
the economic law should create the necessary

民商法行政法的成长
conditions for the growth of the civil and

创造必要的条件
commercial law and the administrative law

而这种特殊性根源于
and this particularity is rooted in the

中国市场经济发育方式的
particularity of the development mode

特殊性
of China's market economy

产生
and the particularity of

法律要求的动机的特殊性
the motivation for law requirements

此外也包括中国的政治制度
it also includes China's political system

法律传统
legal traditions

等不可忽视的因素
and other factors that cannot be ignored

好
ok

这节课我们就讲到这里
that's all for today’s lesson

再见
see you next time