当前课程知识点:Economic law > 2. Antitrust Law > 2.1The basic issues of Anti-Monopoly Law > 2.1
同学们好
hello everyone
今天我们开始讲《反垄断法》
today we will talk about the Anti-Monopoly Law
通过前面经济法基本理论的学习
through previous study of the basic theory of economic law
我们可以知道
we can know that
竞争是现代市场经济的灵魂
competition is the soul of modern market economy
在某种程度上
to some extent
现代意义经济法的产生
the emergence of modern economic law
是以维护竞争秩序为目的
is for the purpose of maintaining the order of competition
而竞争秩序的法律保障
while the legal guarantee of competition order
包括
includes
反对限制阻碍竞争
opposing restrictions and obstacles to competition
和反对不正当竞争两个方面
and against unfair competition two aspects
与此相对应
corresponding to this
竞争法分为
competition law is divided into
反垄断法和反不正当竞争法
Anti-Monopoly Law and Anti-Unfair Competition Law
今天
today
我们先来学习反垄断法
let's study Anti-Monopoly Law first
第一节
section 1
反垄断法的基本问题
the basic issues of Anti-Monopoly Law
本节课
in this section
我们主要讲授反垄断法的两个基本问题
we focus on two basic issues of Anti-Monopoly Law
一个是垄断的本质与界定
one is the nature and definition of monopoly
另一个是反垄断法的判断标准
the other is the standard of judgment of Anti-Monopoly Law
何为垄断
the definition of monopoly
是我们学习反垄断法首先要解决的问题
is the first question to be solved
从经济学意义上理解
understanding in an economic sense
垄断有三种含义
monopoly has three meanings
一是最狭义的垄断
first is monopoly in the narrowest sense
即独占
that is Monopoly
例如在某一个市场内
in a particular market, for example
只有一个经营者
there is only one operator
二是狭义的垄断
second is the narrow sense of monopoly
是指除完全竞争之外所有的市场结构
all market structure except perfect competition
包括垄断竞争
including monopolistic competition
寡头和独占
oligopoly and monopoly
例如该种意义上的垄断包括
for example, monopoly in this sense include
某一市场内由少数几个经营者控制
a market controlled by a few operators
也体现为
also embodied as
某一个市场中仅有独家经营者
only one sole operator in a particular market
但无论何种形式
but no matter what form
该种垄断
in essence, this kind of monopoly
本质上表现为垄断结构
is characterized by the structure of monopoly
三是广义的垄断
third monopoly in a broad sense refers to
既指垄断结构
both monopoly structure
也指垄断行为
and monopolistic behavior
垄断结构可以是
the monopoly structure may be
上述第二种
the second kind of monopoly mentioned above
狭义的垄断
in the narrow sense
而垄断行为主要是指
while monopolistic behavior mainly refers to
特定市场内
in a particular market
经营者实施的行为
the behavior of the operators
排除限制市场竞争的
aiming at excluding and restricting market competition
如垄断协议
such as monopoly agreement
滥用市场支配地位
abuse of market dominance
等等
etc
并不是所有的垄断都会受到法律的规制
not all monopolies are regulated by law
法律意义上的垄断
monopoly in the legal sense
通常具备以下几个特征
usually has the following characteristics
一是法律意义上的垄断
first monopoly in the legal sense
仅指垄断行为
refers only to the act of monopoly
不包括垄断结构
exclusive of monopoly structure
二是
second
实施垄断行为的主体
the subject of monopolistic behavior
是经营者或其利益代表者
is the operator or his representative of interest
如行业协会
such as trade associations
三是行为的目的是排除
third the purpose of the behavior is to exclude and
限制竞争
restrict competition
破坏市场公平竞争
destroy fair competition in the market
四是行为具有违法性
fourth the behavior is illegal
即
that is
行为符合
the behavior is in conformity with
法律规定的垄断行为类型
the type of monopolistic behavior defined by law
如垄断协议
such as monopoly agreement
行政垄断等
and administrative monopoly
在此
here
我总结法律意义上垄断的含义为
I sum up the legal meaning of monopoly as follows
垄断是指
monopoly refers to
经营者或其利益代表者
the operator or his representative of interest
滥用市场支配地位
abuse market dominance
或通过协议合并
or through an agreement merge
或其他方式谋求并滥用市场支配地位
or by other means seek and abuse market dominance
并以此排除
and thus exclude
限制竞争
and restrict competition
谋取超额利益
seek excess benefits
依法应予规制的行为
which should be regulated by law
本节第二个大问题是
the second biggest question in this section is
反垄断法的判断标准
the judgment standard of Anti-Monopoly Law
首先是本身违法原则与
the first is illegal per se rule and
合理原则
the principle of reasonableness
本身违法原则是指
illegal per se rule refers to
某些损害竞争的行为
certain acts detrimental to competition
已被司法判例
which have been brought to trial by judicial precedent
确定本身就是违法的
are determined to be illegal
无需通过对其他因素的考虑去判断
there is no need to judge by consideration of other factors
合理原则是指
the principle of reasonableness refers to
某些对竞争的限制比较模糊的行为
whether certain vague restrictions on competition
是否构成违法
constitute illegality
必须在慎重考察
a judgment must be made after careful consideration of
企业行为的意图
the business intention
行为方式及
its behavior style
行为后果等因素之后方能作出判断
and the behavioral consequences
即对行为实质损害的审查
after review of substantive behavioral damage
普遍认为
it is generally believed that
1890年美国谢尔曼法第1条
Article 1 of the Sherman Act of 1890
即是本身违法行为的起源
is the origin of illegal per se rule
1911年的
in 1911
标准石油公司诉美国案
Standard Oil Company suing USA
则是被认为合理原则的起源
is regarded as origin of the principle of reasonableness
那是因为谢尔曼法
that's because the Sherman Act
只是禁止那些
only prohibits actions that
不合理限制竞争的行为
unreasonably restrict competition
在任何情况下
in any case
除了
except
必须适用本身违法的情形之外
circumstances in which illegal per se rule must be applied
其他类型的共谋行为
other types of collusion
虽可能限制竞争
although they may restrict competition
但同时也对竞争经济发展
for the development of competitive economy
具有积极的作用
they also have a positive effect
可以适用合理原则
the principle of reasonableness can be applied
因此
therefore
本身违法原则主要适用于
the principle of illegal per se rule applies mainly to
影响恶劣的垄断行为
monopolistic practices that have a bad impact.
比如价格垄断协议
such as price monopoly agreement
因垄断具有两面性
because monopoly has two sides
所以
that's why
其他垄断行为更多的适用
other monopolistic behaviors are more applicable to
合理原则
the principle of reasonableness
从我国目前反垄断法的制度设计上看
China's system design of current Anti-Monopoly Law
采取的是合理原则
adopts the principle of reasonableness
即体现在反垄断法第13条
it is embodied in Article 13 of the Anti-Monopoly Law
14条和第15条
as well as in Articles 14 and 15
从反垄断法法律适用的角度来看
from the perspective of Anti-Monopoly Law application
本身违法原则与合理原则
illegal per se rule and principle of reasonableness
主要用于
are mainly used for
对垄断协议的法律规制
the legal regulation of monopoly agreement
其次是结构主义与行为主义
secondly structuralism and behaviorism
结构主义是指为了控制行业集中度
structuralism refers to a monopoly control system
而对行业集中状态进行规范的
that through regulating the state of industry concentration
垄断控制制度
control industry concentration
在结构主义框架下
within the framework of structuralism
一个行业的结构
structure of an industry
应该是一种
is supposed to be one structure
能够使有效竞争能
that enables effective competition
按其设想内在地进行的结构
carried out intrinsically as envisaged
行为主义是指
behaviorism refers to a monopoly control system
针对竞争者的行为
that based on the behavior against a competitor
而不是根据市场结构
rather than according to the structure of the market
而建立的一些促进竞争的规则
some rules are set up to promote competition
即着眼于规范
and which focuses on regulating
占市场支配地位企业的
the market-dominant business’
限制竞争行为的垄断控制制度
behavior of restricting competition
两者比较而言
comparatively speaking
结构主义关注的是
structuralism focuses on
某一特定市场上有几个经营者
how many operators are in a particular market
是否有足够的供给者
and if there are adequate suppliers
所以结构主义关注市场结构
so structuralism pays attention to market structure
而行为主义关注的是经营者行为
while behaviorism focuses on the behavior of operators
在反垄断法的适用当中
in the application of Anti-Monopoly Law
结构主义的制裁方法
structuralist sanctions are
主要是对市场结构进行解割
mainly about deconstructing market structures
行为主义的制裁方法
behaviorist sanctions are
主要是勒令停止
mainly about ordering a stop
赔偿损失
indemnifying for a loss
从两者的适用上考察
from the application of the two
结构主义是非常态的
structuralism is abnormal
具有毁灭性
and devastating
而行为主义是一种常态化的
while behaviorism is a normal
垄断控制方法
monopoly control method
具有修补性
can be mended
从我国目前《反垄断法》的制度设计上看
China's system design of current Anti-Monopoly Law
采取的是以行为主义为原则
adopts the approach that is based on behaviorism
以结构主义为例外的方法
and with structuralism as an exception
从反垄断法律的适用角度看
from the perspective of Anti-Monopoly Law application
结构主义与行为主义
structuralism and behaviorism
主要用于
are used primarily for
对滥用市场支配地位行为的法律规制
legal regulation of market dominance abuse
好
ok
同学们
everyone
今天的课就讲到这
so much for today
再见
goodbye
-1.1 Meaning and characteristics of economic law
--1.1
-1.2Adjusting object and system of economic law
--1.2
-1.3 Relations between economic law and adjacent law
--1.3
-1.4Origin and development of economic law
--1.4
-1.5.Basic principles of economic law
--1.5
-1.6Subject and types of Economic Law
--1.6
-1.7The rights of the subjects of economic law and their obligations and responsibili
--1.7
-1.8The formulation and implementation of economic law
--1.8
--Chapter homework
-2.1The basic issues of Anti-Monopoly Law
--2.1
-2.2Related markets and their definitions
--2.2
-2.3Legal regulation of monopoly agreement
--2.3
-2.4Legal regulation on abuse of market dominance 2.4
--2.4
-2.5 Centralized legal regulation of operators
--2.5
-2.6 Legal regulation of administrative monopoly
--2.6
-2.7 Enforcement system of antimonopoly law
--2.7
-Chapter homework
--章节习题exercises
-3.1The basic problem of Anti-Unfair Competition Act
--3.1
-3.2 Regulation of Market Confusion Act
--3.2
-3.3 Regulation of Commercial Bribery
--3.3
-3.4 Regulation of False Publicity Act
--3.4
-3.5 Regulation and Defamation of Goodwill
--3.5
-3.6 Regulation of the Infringement of Trade Secrets
--3.6
-3.7 Regulation of Improper Sales with Prizes
--3.7
-3.8 Regulation of Unfair Competition in Network Field
--3.8
-Chapter homework
--exercises
-4.1 Overview of Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Act
--4.1
-4.2 The Right of Consumers
--4.2
-4.3 Operator's Obligation
--4.3
-4.4 The Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests Made by the State and
--4.4
-4.5 Legal Liability
--4.5
-4.6 The Category of Civil Liability
--Chapter homework
--4.6
-5.1 overview of Finance and Tax Law
--5.1
-5.2 Budget Preparation
--5.2
-5.3 budget review and preparation
--5.3
-5.4 Budget Implementation and Adjustment
--5.4
-5.5 scope of application in the Government Procurement Law
--5.5
-5.6 principles and policies of government procurement
--5.6
-5.7 government procurement procedures and methods
--5.7
-5.8 government procurement contract
--5.8
-5.9 government procurement relief mechanism
--5.9
-5.10 principle of law-based taxation
--5.10
-5.11 taxpayer's right
--5.11
-5.12 tax constitutive requirements
--5.12
-5.13 the principles of the turnover tax law
--5.13
-5.14 principle of income tax law
--5.14
-5.15 principle of Property Tax Law
--Chapter homework
--5.15
-6.1 the concepts of finance and Financial Law
--6.1
-6.2 China's financial institutions and regulatory agencies
--6.2
-6.3 central bank law
--6.3
-6.4 commercial bank law system
--6.4
-6.5the securities regulatory system
--Chapter homework
--6.5
-Final Examination