What are the main chemical substances that control the growth of microorganisms?慕课视频播放-Microbiology-MOOC慕课视频教程-柠檬大学

Microbiology课程列表：

Introduction

-0.1 Characteristics and research objects of microbiology

--Characteristics and research objects of microbiology

--Which groups of microorganisms are included?

--What are the research objects of microbiology?

-0.2 The discovery of microorganisms and the history of microbiology

--The discovery of microorganisms and the history of microbiology

--What is pasteurization?

--What is Koch's law?

-0.3 Types and characteristics of microorganisms

--Types and characteristics of microorganisms

--What are the characteristics of microorganisms?

--Why do we say "microorganisms are everytime and everywhere"?

-0.4 The role of microorganisms

--The role of microorganisms

--Explain the application of microorganisms in agriculture, industry, environment and medicine.

--Use specific examples to illustrate the relationship between humans and microorganisms, why So, microbes are not only the enemy of mankind, but also our friend?

-0.5 Prospects for the future development of microbiology

--Prospects for the future development of microbiology

-Unit Test Questions of Introduction

--Unit Test Questions of Introduction

Chapter 1 Prokaryotic Microorganisms

-1.1 Structure and function of prokaryotic microbial cells

--Structure and function of prokaryotic microbial cells

--What are the basic components of prokaryotic microorganisms

--The basic shape and size range of prokaryotic microbial cells

-1.2 The cell wall of prokaryotic microorganisms

--The cell wall of prokaryotic microorganisms

--The operation steps and principles of Gram staining

--What parts are the monomers that make up the peptidoglycan macromolecule, and what is the difference between G+ and G-

-1.3 Plasma membrane, inner membrane structure, and cell contents of prokaryotic microbial cells

--Plasma membrane, inner membrane structure, and cell contents of prokaryotic microbial cells

--Structure and function of bacterial cell membrane

--What are the genetic material of prokaryotic cells, and what are the characteristics compared with the genetic material of eukaryotes?

-1.4 The accessory structure of bacterial cells

--The accessory structure of bacterial cells

--Spore structure, function, formation process, and what are the characteristics

--What is the difference between the flagella structure of Gram-positive and negative cells.

-1.5 Comparison of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

--Comparison of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

--The difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells in cell wall and cell membrane

--What is the difference between the genetic material and reproduction of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

-1.6 Classification and identification of prokaryotic microorganisms (1)

--Classification and identification of prokaryotic microorganisms (1)

--What are the two major categories of the basis or principles of biological classification?

--What are the taxonomic units below the prokaryotic microorganism "species"

-1.7 Classification and identification of prokaryotic microorganisms (2)

--Classification and identification of prokaryotic microorganisms (2)

--In addition to morphological characteristics, what other characteristics can be used for bacterial identification?

--Which technologies are used for microbial classification in biochemistry and nucleic acid molecules?

-1.8 Classification and identification of prokaryotic microorganisms (3)

--Classification and identification of prokaryotic microorganisms (3)

--How do the classification units below the prokaryotic microbe species, such as subspecies, strains, etc., be expressed in double names?

--What is the main basis for introducing the classification of bacteria in the two Berger's Handbooks?

-1.9 Bacteria (1)

--Bacteria (1)

--Why is Bacillus thuringiensis known as an expert in insecticide?

--How does tetanus happen? How to prevent it?

-1.10 Bacteria (2)

--Bacteria (2)

--Compare the differences between Rhizobium and Agrobacterium.

--What are the special habits of Bdellovibrio?

-1.11 Special bacteria

--Special bacteria

--How are sheath bacteria formed?

--What is the significance of studying myxobacteria?

-1.12 Mycoplasma, Rickettsia and Chlamydia

--Mycoplasma, Rickettsia and Chlamydia

--The difference between Mycoplasma, Rickettsia and Chlamydia and bacteria and viruses

--What is the contribution of Chinese microbiologist Tang Feifan?

-1.13 Actinomycetes

--Actinomycetes

--What are the typical forms of actinomycetes?

--What is the reproduction method of actinomycetes?

-1.14 Prokaryotic microorganisms-cyanobacteria

--Prokaryotic microorganisms-cyanobacteria

--Why are cyanobacteria classified from algae to bacteria?

--What is water bloom? How to control water bloom?

-1.15 Prokaryotic microorganisms-archaea

--Prokaryotic microorganisms-archaea

--Where can I find methanogens? Discuss the importance of methane bacteria ecology and application.

--Briefly describe how halophilic bacilli conduct photosynthesis. What is purple membrane and what pigment does it contain?

-Chapter 1 Unit Test Questions of Prokaryotic Microbiology

--Unit Test Questions of Prokaryotic Microbiology

Chapter 2 Eukaryotic microorganisms

-2.1 Overview of eukaryotic microorganisms

--Overview of eukaryotic microorganisms

--Give examples of what fungi can bring to mankind's benefit, but it can also bring disaster to mankind?

--Why are plants and animals referred to as producers and consumers, and fungi as converters?

-2.2 Fungal classification system and common filamentous fungi

--Fungal classification system and common filamentous fungi

--Why do modern academic circles always regard mushrooms as the research object of microbiology, rather than the research object of botany?

--How many kinds of fungi are currently known?

-2.3 Yeast

--Yeast

--What is the difference between yeast colony morphology and bacteria?

--What are the hazards of yeast to human health? Why are yeasts considered conditional pathogens?

-2.4 The characteristics and nutrition of filamentous fungi

--The characteristics and nutrition of filamentous fungi

--What is the biological significance of mycelial metamorphosis and organoids in the life history of filamentous fungi?

--Valuable Chinese herbal medicine --- What role did the filamentous fungus play in the formation of Cordyceps?

-2.5 Asexual and sexual reproduction of filamentous fungi

--Asexual and sexual reproduction of filamentous fungi

--What is the difference between fungal spores and bacterial spores?

--What kinds of fungal asexual spores are there? What is the formation process of each asexual spore?

-2.6 Penicillium and Penicillin

--Penicillium and Penicillin

--Talk about your views on Fleming's "Negligence" discovery of penicillin and won the Nobel Prize.

--Briefly describe the distribution, morphological characteristics and reproduction methods of Penicillium fungi

-2.7 Microalgae

--Microalgae

--How to prevent algae disasters?

--What is the significance of algae in nature?

-2.8 Protozoa

--Protozoa

--Why is it that protozoa are neither animals nor plants?

--Give examples of the benefits of protozoa to humans?

-Chapter 2 Unit Test Questions of Eukaryotic Microbiology

--Chapter 2 Unit Test Questions of Eukaryotic Microbiology

Chapter 3 Viruses

-3.1 Overview of the virus

--Overview of the virus

--Why are antibiotics ineffective against viruses, but interferons are effective?

--How can we use viruses? Give an example.

-3.2 Introduction to bacteriophages

--Introduction to bacteriophages

--What are the main morphological types and structural composition of bacteriophages?

--What are the chemical components of viruses? Where are they distributed in virus particles?

-3.3 Vigorous phage and one-step growth curve

--Vigorous phage and one-step growth curve

--Describe the infection process of virulent phage.

--How to determine the one-step growth curve?

-3.4 Mild phage and lysogenicity

--Mild phage and lysogenicity

--Describe the characteristics of lysogenic bacteria.

--What is the difference between lambda phage and PI phage?

-3.5 Animal viruses

--Animal viruses

--Is it possible for viruses to be used as biological weapons for terrorist attacks?

--Give examples of other viruses that have had a major impact on human life and health in history?

-3.6 Plant viruses

--Plant viruses

--In defense of viruses, what are the similarities and differences between the "immune system" of plants and the immune system of animals?

--Describe the main characteristics of plant viruses.

-3.7 Insect viruses

--Insect viruses

--Insect polyhedrosis virus contains protein, which is very sensitive to alkaline environment. What is the significance of this feature for virus infecting insects?

--Briefly describe the infection and transmission methods of insect viruses

-3.8 Sub-virus

--Sub-virus

--Sub-viruses

--Why is the discovery of subviruses a major event in the life sciences of the 20th century?

--Compare the main difference between satellite virus and satellite RNA.

-Chapter 3 Unit Test Questions of Virus

--Chapter 3 Unit Test Questions of Virus

Chapter 4 Microbial nutrition

-4.1 Nutrients of microorganisms

--Nutrients of microorganisms

--Which substances can be used as C nutrients for microorganisms? Which N nutrients can be used as microorganisms?

--What is an auxotroph?

-4.2 Nutritional types of microorganisms

--Nutritional types of microorganisms

--Compare the similarities and differences of the four types of nutrition and each type of microorganism.

--What are the types of chemical energy organic nutrient microorganisms?

-4.3 Absorption of nutrients by microorganisms

--Absorption of nutrients by microorganisms

--Try to compare the similarities and differences between diffusion, promotion of diffusion, active transport and group translocation.

--Briefly describe the characteristics of active transport and the main substances transported

-4.4 Medium for microorganisms

--Medium for microorganisms

--What is the coagulant commonly used as a solid medium? What are its characteristics?

--What problems should be paid attention to when preparing medium?

-Chapter 4 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Nutrition

--Chapter 4 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Nutrition

Chapter 5 Microbial metabolism

-5.1 Basic concepts of microbial metabolism

--Basic concepts of microbial metabolism

--What are the links of biological oxidation?

--Compare the similarities and differences between the three methods of ATP production.

-5.2 Biological oxidation of chemical heterotrophic microorganisms-substrate dehydrogenation

--Biological oxidation of chemical heterotrophic microorganisms-substrate dehydrogenation

--What are the characteristics of the ED pathway? What are its key reactions, key intermediate products and key enzymes?

--What is the physiological significance of the HMP pathway? Why can't the HMP pathway be regarded as an effective mechanism to produce ATP?

-5.3 Biological oxidation-respiration of chemical heterotrophic microorganisms

--Biological oxidation-respiration of chemical heterotrophic microorganisms

--What are the main components of the respiratory chain, and how do they transfer hydrogen and electrons?

--What are the characteristics of the bacterial respiratory chain?

-5.4 Biological oxidation-fermentation of chemical heterotrophic microorganisms

--Biological oxidation-fermentation of chemical heterotrophic microorganisms

--Compare bacterial alcohol fermentation with yeast alcohol fermentation.

--How does Stickland react?

-5.5 Energy metabolism of chemoautotrophic microorganisms

--Energy metabolism of chemoautotrophic microorganisms

--How many types of hydrogenase are there in hydrogen bacteria?

--Why are obligate autotrophic bacteria aerobic?

-5.6 Energy metabolism of light energy microorganisms

--Energy metabolism of light energy microorganisms

--What are the six categories of prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms?

--Describe the composition of the photosynthetic system of photosynthetic bacteria.

-5.7 Catabolism of microorganisms

--Catabolism of microorganisms

--How many stages of catabolism are generally divided into?

--What are the characteristics of EMP, HMP, ED and TCA pathways?

-5.8 Biological nitrogen fixation

--Biological nitrogen fixation

--Briefly describe the mechanism of nitrogen fixation.

--Necessary conditions for biological nitrogen fixation

-5.9 Anabolism of microorganisms (1)

--Anabolism of microorganisms (1)

--What are the types of microbial synthesis reactions?

--What are the three elements of anabolism?

-5.10 Anabolism of microorganisms (2)

--Anabolism of microorganisms (2)

--What are the four important ways to fix carbon dioxide? Which approach is earlier in evolution?

--Please compare the four important ways to fix carbon dioxide in terms of reaction characteristics, key metabolic enzymes, reducing agents and carbon dioxide fixation products.

-5.11 Anabolism of microorganisms (3)

--Anabolism of microorganisms (3)

--Describe the specific steps of peptidoglycan synthesis.

--How is bacterial terpene alcohol regenerated?

-Chapter 5 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Metabolism

--Chapter 5 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Metabolism

Chapter 6 Microbial Growth and Control

-6.1 The cell cycle of bacteria

--The cell cycle of bacteria

--What is the difference between growth and reproduction?

--What is growth? What is development?

-6.2 Colony growth of microorganisms

--Colony growth of microorganisms

--The basic law of bacterial population growth?

--What is the pure culture growth curve of bacteria? Is it divided into several periods? What are the characteristics of each period? How to calculate the generation time?

-6.3 Determination of microbial growth

--Determination of microbial growth

--What are the methods for measuring the growth of microorganisms?

--What is the practical significance of microbial growth measurement?

-6.4 Environmental factors affecting the growth of microorganisms

--Environmental factors affecting the growth of microorganisms

--What is the pH range in which bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi can grow? What is the optimum pH?

--What are the maximum and minimum temperatures for the growth of low-temperature, medium-temperature, and high-temperature microorganisms? What is the optimum temperature?

-6.5 Control of microbial growth (1)

--Control of microbial growth (1)

--Compare the difference between sterilization, disinfection and preservation.

--Why are the process conditions of autoclave sterilization lower than that of dry heat sterilization?

-6.6 Controlling the growth of microorganisms (2)

--Controlling the growth of microorganisms (2)

--What are the main chemical substances that control the growth of microorganisms?

--Briefly describe the method for determining the ability of microorganisms to resist chemical substances?

-6.7 Control of microbial growth (3)

--Control of microbial growth (3)

--Briefly describe the mechanism of bacterial resistance to antibiotics

--Briefly describe the biological factors that affect the growth of microorganisms?

-Chapter 6 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Growth and Control

--Chapter 6 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Growth and Control

Chapter 7 Microbial Ecology

-7.1 Overview of Microbial Ecosystem

--Overview of Microbial Ecosystem

--Briefly describe the characteristics of the microbial ecosystem?

--The role and composition of the microbial ecosystem

-7.2 Soil microorganisms

--Soil microorganisms

--Why do we say that the soil has the conditions for microbial life?

--What microorganisms are in the soil?

-7.3 Water environment microorganisms

--Water environment microorganisms

--How to use the role of microorganisms to manage the eutrophication of water bodies?

--Why is natural water suitable for microbial growth? What are the characteristics of the distribution of microorganisms in natural waters?

-7.4 Air and extreme environment microorganisms

--Air and extreme environment microorganisms

--Where do the microorganisms in the air come from?

--What are the main groups of microorganisms in the air?

-7.5 Uncultured microorganisms

--Uncultured microorganisms

--How to discover and utilize the natural active substances and genetic resources of microorganisms that have not been cultivated in the environment?

--What is the reason why the microorganism has not been cultivated?

-7.6 Interrelationships between microbial populations

--Interrelationships between microbial populations

--What are the relationships between microbial populations? Give an example for each.

--What are the typical parasitic relationships? for example

-7.7 The mutual growth and the parasitic relationship between microorganisms and plants

--The mutual growth and the parasitic relationship between microorganisms and plants

--What are rhizosphere microorganisms? Discuss the interaction between plant roots and rhizosphere microorganisms.

--Briefly describe the groups of microorganisms that cause plant diseases.

-7.8 The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants: nodules

--The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants: nodules

--How to understand the three basic characteristics of rhizobia?

--Discuss the nodule formation process and nitrogen fixation.

-7.9 Production and application of rhizobia

--Production and application of rhizobia

--Compared with chemical nitrogen fertilizers, what are the advantages of rhizobia inoculants?

--Which bacterial agents or environmental factors will affect the application effect of inoculants?

-7.10 The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants: Mycorrhiza (1)

--The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants: Mycorrhiza (1)

--Compare the characteristics of endophytic mycorrhiza and ectomycorrhiza.

--Briefly describe the formation conditions of ectomycorrhiza

-7.11 The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants: Mycorrhiza (2)

--The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants: Mycorrhiza (2)

--Briefly describe the structural characteristics and types of endophytic mycorrhiza?

--The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

-7.12 The relationship between microorganisms and animals

--The relationship between microorganisms and animals

--What kind of relationship exists between microorganisms and animals? Give an example for each.

--What is the relationship between humans and microorganisms? What is the relationship between normal flora in the human body and humans?

-7.13 The role of microorganisms in the material cycle of nature (1)

--The role of microorganisms in the material cycle of nature (1)

--Describe the role of microorganisms in the carbon cycle.

--Describe the role of microorganisms in the nitrogen cycle.

-7.14 The role of microorganisms in the circulation of substances in nature (2)

--The role of microorganisms in the circulation of substances in nature (2)

--Describe the role of microorganisms in the phosphorus cycle.

--Describe the role of microorganisms in the sulfur cycle.

-Chapter 7 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Ecological

--Chapter 7 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Ecological

Chapter 8 Microbial heredity and variation

-8.1 The material basis of genetic variation

--8.1 The material basis of genetic variation

--The material basis of genetic variation

--Nucleic acid is the material basis of genetic variation, is there any other genetic material?

--Describe an experimental method that proves that genetic material is DNA transformation.

-8.2 Microbial Genome

--Microbial Genome

--Briefly describe the characteristics of the microbial genome

--Briefly describe how the genome exists

-8.3 Genetic recombination of bacteria

--Genetic recombination of bacteria

--Discuss gene recombination and methods of bacteria

--Which method is faster, conversion or combination?

-8.4 Transduction of bacteria

--Transduction of bacteria

--Discuss the type and formation mechanism of transduction.

--Do you think there is a phenomenon that leads to death?

-8.5 Conjugation of bacteria

--Conjugation of bacteria

--What are the cell forms and characteristics of factor F?

--The pros and cons of high-frequency recombinant strains?

-8.6 Fungal gene recombination

--Fungal gene recombination

--Briefly describe the process of sexual hybridization

--Brief description of quasi-reproductive process

-8.7 Gene mutation rules and molecular basis

--Gene mutation rules and molecular basis

--Describe the types and mechanisms of gene mutations

--What are the main types of mutants of microorganisms?

-8.8 Principle of induced mutation

--Principle of induced mutation

--Briefly describe the principle of physical and chemical mutagenesis

--Describe the mutagenic mechanism of nitrous acid.

-8.9 DNA damage repair

--DNA damage repair

--Brief description of DNA damage repair methods

--If you suspect that you have been injured, what emergency measures should you take

-8.10 Microbial mutation breeding

--Microbial mutation breeding

--Briefly describe the principles and methods of microbial mutation breeding

--The types and dosages of mutagens for microbial mutation breeding

-Chapter 8 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Genetic and Variation

--Chapter 8 Unit Test Questions of Microbial Genetic and Variation

Conclusion

-Conclusion

-What is your feeling after completing the course?

-Microbiology Course Exam