Syndrome Differentiation在线视频

Hello everyone

Previously we have talked about the two most often using

diagnostic methods—tongue observing and pulse taking

Based on the information collected from the diagnosis

the doctor usually moves to the next procedure

syndrome differentiation

For today’s class we’ll start a new chapter chapter 7

Syndrome Differentiation and Therapeutic Principles and Methods

Let’s start from section 1 syndrome differentiation

As previously we have talked about

TCM always holds that human body is an organic whole

Therefore TCM pays more attention on “sick people”

not only the disease itself

TCM focuses on different physiological patterns

and pathological reactions

This is one of the characteristics of TCM

which is called syndrome differentiation

Differentiation of syndromes in TCM is based on the holistic concept

guided by yin-yang and five-element theories

It is a method to analyze and recognize the syndrome of disease

In other words

it is also a process in which the location

nature

occurrence and development of a disease

as well as the condition of healthy qi and pathogenic factors

are identified according to the clinical data

obtained from the four diagnostic methods

Then finally make a diagnosis

Eight-principle Syndrome differentiation is an essential paradigm in TCM

The eight principles are divided into four pairs

yin and yang

cold and heat

deficiency and excess

interior and exterior

It is to summarize the symptoms and signs

collected through the four diagnostic methods

It aims to tell the disease location

pathogenic natures

the struggling between healthy qi and pathogenic factors

The complicated clinical manifestations of diseases

can be classified under the eight principles

The first syndrome differentiation is

exterior-interior

Exterior-interior syndrome differentiation

aims to tell about the disease location and tendency

For the exterior syndrome

it is usually caused by external pathogenic factors

affecting the skin

muscles and meridians with acute onset

If our body is invaded by external pathogenic factors

for example wind-cold

our healthy qi inside our body would fight with the wind-cold factors

This may induce symptoms like

fever aversion to cold

headache and body pain

The tongue should be light red with thin white coating

and the pulse should be floating and tight

As doctors we usually determine the syndrome

for patient by analyzing the patient’s symptoms

signs

the tongue and pulse conditions etc

Interior syndrome refers to

any pathological changes of the zang-fu organs

qi and blood inside the body

For the interior syndrome

it is usually due to an internal disorder or emotional causes

The internal disorder may

caused by external pathogenic factors

For example

external wind cold may

penetrate into lung

causing acute onset of

exterior condition accompanied by cough with fever or chills

Otherwise if left untreated

patients

presented with chronic cough with phlegm

which is regarded as an interior condition

Symptoms and signs

vary depending on the zang-fu organs affected

disease location and strength

between healthy qi and pathogenic factors

For example

the patient with the internal heat excess syndrome

may have the symptoms

such as high fever

aversion to heat

thirst with strong desire to drink cold water

red tongue with yellow coating

And the pulse may be rapid and powerful

All these symptoms

are induced by the excessive heat inside the body

Cold and heat

are two principles used to differentiate

the nature of diseases

Cold and heat nature of diseases

are reflection of the deficiency

or excess conditions of yin and yang in the body

Yin excess or yang deficiency lead to cold syndrome

while yang excess or yin deficiency leads to heat syndrome

The cold syndromes include deficient cold and excessive cold

Let’s take deficient cold syndrome as an example

Such kind of patient may have the symptoms

such as aversion to cold

or chills cold limbs

pale or light-colored complexion

clear and profuse urine

loose stool light colored tongue with whitish coating

The pulse should be slow or tense

Heat syndrome refers to the condition caused

by yang excess or yin deficiency

Therefore heat syndrome is divided into excessive and deficient heat

The clinical manifestations depend on

whether the condition is excess or deficiency

Let’s take excessive heat syndrome as an example

such kind of patient may have the symptoms

like fever aversion to heat

flushed complexion or cheeks

restless and insomnia

scanty and brownish urine

constipation

red tongue with yellow dry coating as well as

rapid pulse

Deficiency and excess

conditions describe the struggle

between the healthy qi and pathogenic factors

Deficiency here refers to deficiency of healthy qi

The treatment principle for a deficiency syndrome

is to tonify the healthy qi

Clinically the deficiency syndromes are divided into qi

blood yin and yang deficiency

If qi is deficient inside the body

that means the energy is lower than normal

The qi deficiency patient may have the symptoms

such as low voice

dizziness

spontaneous sweating

pale complexion

pale tongue and weak pulse

If blood is deficient

inside the body that means the ability

to nourish the whole body is deficient

The blood deficiency patient may have the symptoms

such as pale complexion

pale lips

pale nails

dizziness

palpitation

pale tongue and thready and forceless pulse

Yang deficiency is similar to qi deficiency

but specifically refers to the decreased yang function of warmth

Therefore the symptoms of yang deficiency are as follows

aversion to cold

cold limbs

pale complexion

spontaneous sweating

clear urine

pale tongue with white coating

and weak and forceless pulse

Yin deficiency refers to all the substances including essence

blood and body fluid

are decreased

The following symptoms may be seen

tidal fever

night sweat

hot sensation in palm and sole

red tongue with scanty coating and thready and rapid pulse

Excess syndrome is usually caused by pathogenic factors

and at the same time the healthy qi is strong enough

to fight with the pathogenic factors

The treatment principle for an excess syndrome

is to remove the pathogenic factors

For the excess patient

the struggling between healthy qi and pathogenic factors is severe

Therefore

such kind of patient may exhibit the symptoms

such as fever

loud voice

distention in the chest and hypochondrium

constipation

thick and greasy coating

The pulse may be excessive and powerful

Yin and yang are key guideline in differentiation of syndromes

and are also fundamental principles

of eight-principle differentiation

They are the summary of the other six categories

Exterior

excess and heat

belong to yang

while interior

deficiency and cold belong to yin

For this session

we have talked about the comprehensive diagnostic system

of Chinese medicine

By analyzing information collected from the four examinations

we can achieve the diagnosis of disease

and differentiation of syndrome

As a whole conditions of differentiating

syndromes are complex

what has been discussed in this unit is only those common

typical differentiating syndromes

they should be applied flexibly

so as to decide the therapeutic principle

on the basis of correct differentiation syndromes

OK That’s all for today

I’ll see you in next class