6.4在线视频

同学们大家好
hello everyone

我们来讲一下
let's talk about the

商业银行法制度
commercial bank law system

那我们来介绍一下
then let me introduce

如何对商业银行的经营呢
how to legally regulate

进行法律上的规制
the operation of commercial banks

我们先看第一个
let's see the first one

对商业银行组织上的规制
regulation on the organization of commercial banks

我们先看一下什么是商业银行
let's first look at what a commercial bank is

按照商业银行法的规定
in accordance with the provisions of the commercial bank law

商业银行
a commercial bank is an enterprise legal person

是依照商业银行法
established in accordance with the commercial ban law

和公司法设立的吸收公众存款
and the company law to absorb public deposits

发放贷款
issue loans

办理结算等业务的企业法人
handle settlement and other businesses

从名称上看
in terms of name

商业化应该是商业银行的本质属性
commercialization should be the essential attribute of commercial banks

它不同于中国人民银行
it is different from the people's bank of china

它是商事组织
it is a commercial organization

应该自主经营
that should operate independently

自担风险
bear its own risks

自负盈亏
assume its own profits and losses

自我约束
and self-restraint

是以获取利润
it is a commercial enterprise

作为经营目的的商业企业
that takes profit as its business purpose

但是
but

商业银行又不同于
commercial banks are different from

一般的商业企业
common commercial enterprises

因为它经营的对象不是普通商品
because it does not deal with common goods

而是货币
but currency

资金
and capitals

它是以从事存贷款等金融业务
it is a financial institution engaged in

为基础性业务的金融机构
the basic business of deposit and loan.

它是储蓄银行
it's a savings bank

不是投资银行
not an investment bank

它们
they have an important impact on

对国家社会经济发展
the social and economic development

和公众有着重要的影响
and the public

也因此呢
that's why

国家必须对商业银行实施严格的管制
the state must exercise strict control over commercial banks

避免出现金融上的混乱
so as to avoid financial chaos

这个呢可以从以下几个方面看出
this can be seen from the following aspects

第一个呢
first,

从设立条件上看
in terms of the conditions for its establishment

商业银行的设立
the establishment of commercial banks

应当
shall be subject to the examination and approval

经过国务院银行业
of the banking regulatory authority

监督管理机构的审查批准
under the state council,

就是我们说的银监会的批准
which is what we call the approval of the CBRC

未经批准的任何单位和个人
no unit or individual without approval

都不得从事吸收公众存款
may engage in the business of commercial banks

等商业银行业务
such as absorbing public deposits.

任何单位
no unit

也不得在名称当中
may use the words "bank"

使用银行的字样
in its name.

由此可见
thus it can be seen

对银行的是设立审批
that the examination and approval for the establishment of a bank

非常严格
is very strict,

在设立的实质性条件上呢
and the substantive conditions for the establishment

也是比一般商业公司要严格
are also stricter than those of ordinary commercial companies

比如
for example

它要求至少有5000万元人民币的实缴
it requires at least 50 million yuan of paid in

注册资本
registered capital

全国性银行呢需要十亿元以上的
and national banks need more than one billion

人民币实缴资本
rmb of paid-in capital

二个
second

我们从适用的法律上来看
from the perspective of applicable laws

商业银行的经营
the operation of commercial banks

既要遵守公司法这样的普通法
should comply with both the common law such as company law

也要遵守商业银行法
and also the commercial bank law

这个特别法
this special law

在商业银行法当中呢
stipulates a lot of special supervision rules

规定了很多针对商业银行
for commercial banks

的特殊监管规则
in the commercial bank law

可以说
it can be said that

商业银行是在监管机构严格监管下
commercial banks carry out business activities

开展经营活动的
under the strict supervision of regulators

第三个呢
third

从危机处置上看
from the perspective of crisis management

商业银行也有特殊的待遇
commercial banks also have special treatment

比如
for example

当商业银行已经
when a commercial bank has

或可能发生信用危机
or may have a credit crisis

严重影响存款人利益时候
that seriously affects the interests of depositors

国务院银行业监督管理机构
the banking regulatory authority under the state council

可以对它实行接管
can take over

全面控制和管理
comprehensively control and manage

商业银行业务活动
the business activities of commercial banks

这是对问题银行的一种行政救济措施
which is an administrative relief measure for problem banks

目的是通过对接管的商业银行
the purpose is to protect the interests of depositors

采取整顿或改组等措施
and restore the normal operation capacity of commercial banks

来保护存款人利益
through measures such as rectification

正常的经营能力
or reorganization of the taken over commercial banks

那有的同学可能会问
some of the students may ask

那商业银行能不能破产呢
can a commercial bank go bankrupt

我明确的告诉你
i'll make it clear to you

能
yes it can

但是
however

由于商业银行的终止
because the termination of commercial banks

对金融市场有重大影响
has a significant impact on the financial market

对存款人利益保护
the protection of depositors' interests

有重大利害关系
and has a major conflict of interest in

因此
therefore

不能简单的适用公司法和破产法
the general provisions of the company law and the bankruptcy law

的一般规定
cannot be simply applied,

对此有一系列特殊的程序和要求
and there are a series of special procedures and requirements

比如
for example

商业银行破产
the bankruptcy of a commercial bank

必须事先取得银行业监督管理机构的批准
must be approved in advance by the banking regulatory authority

银行业清算
and the banking liquidation

必须在银行业监管管理机构
must be conducted under the organization and supervision

的组织和监督下进行
of the banking regulatory authority

在对债权债务的处理上
in dealing with claims and debts

必须注重
we must pay attention to

对存款人利益的保护
the protection of the interests of depositors

同时
at the same time

我国还在2015年5月1日正式实施了
china formally officially implemented

存款保险条例
the deposit insurance regulations on may 1, 2015

这些措施都可以有效的保障
which can effectively protect

存款人利益和银行经营的稳定
the interests of depositors and the stability of bank operation

那么我们再看
then let's look

对商业银行行为上的规制
at the regulation of commercial banks' behavior.

既然商业银行与我们的生活和社会稳定
since commercial banks are

息息相关
closely related to our life and social stability

所以监管机构必须
regulators must

加强对它的日常行为的管理
strengthen the management of their daily behavior

也就是对商业银行业务上的监管
that is, the supervision of commercial banks' business

这体现在下面几个方面
this is reflected in the following aspects

第一个
first

在业务范围上
in terms of business scope,

商业银行被严格限制在
commercial banks are strictly limited within

商业银行法
the fourteen business scopes

规定的十四项业务范围内
stipulated in the commercial bank law

包括吸收公众存款
including the absorption of public deposits

发放短期
issing short-term,

中期和长期贷款
medium-term and long-term loans

办理国内外结算
handling domestic and foreign settlement

办理票据承兑
handling bill acceptance

和贴现等等业务
and discount and other businesses

在经营的原则上
in terms of operation principle

要求商业银行要遵守
commercial banks are required to abide by

安全性
the principles of safety

流动性
liquidity

和效益性的原则
and efficiency

三是
third

对于商业银行的基础业务
for the basic business of commercial banks

也就是存款贷款业务
that is, deposit and loan business,

法律规定了较为严格的监管措施
the law provides for more stringent regulatory measures

比如对存款业务
for example, the deposit business

要求存款机构
deposit institution is required

有存款业务经营的特许
to have the franchise of deposit business

存款机构
depository institution

要依法缴存存款准备金
shall pay the deposit reserve

和留足备付金
and reserve enough fund in accordance with the law

并且应当以合法的方式
in addition the bank shall absorb deposits

吸收存款
in a legal way

保证存款本金和利息
and guarantee the principal and interest of deposits

具体到办理存款业务
when dealing with deposit business

要求商业银行应当遵循
commercial banks are required to follow

存款自愿
the principles of deposit at free will

取款自由
withdrawal at free will

存款有息
interest on deposits

为储户保密的原则
and keep confidence for depositors

除非法律另有规定
unless otherwise provided by law

对个人存续存款
commercial banks have the right to refuse

商业银行有权拒绝任何单位或者个人
any unit or individual to

查询
inquire

冻结
freeze

和扣划
and deduct the existing deposits of individuals

具体的对商业银行贷款的限制
there are also specific restrictions

也有
on commercial banks' loans.

比如
for example

监管机构要求商业银行
the regulatory authorities require commercial banks

不得违反资产负债比例
not to issue loans in violation of the regulations on

监管规定发放贷款
the proportion of assets and liabilities

这个监管指标
for this regulatory index

有你们熟悉的资本充足率
the capital adequacy ratio you are familiar

不得低于8%
with should not be less than 8%

流动性资产余额
the proportion between the balance of current assets

与流动性负债余额的比例不得低于25%
and the balance of current liabilities shall not be less than 25%

对同一借款人的贷款余额
the proportion between the loan balance of the same borrower

与商业银行资本余额
and the capital balance of commercial banks

的比例不得超过10%
shall not exceed 10%

等等
etc

一些具体的比例限制
and other specific proportion restrictions

那么我们再看一下
then let's take a look

对商业银行其他行为的监管
at the supervision of other behaviors of commercial banks

first

结算业务上
in settlement business

结算业务与存款业务和贷款业务
settlement business, deposit business and loan business

并列构成商业银行的三大核心业务
constitute the three core businesses of commercial banks

目前结算的形式主要有银行汇票
the current forms of settlement mainly include bank drafts

商业汇票
commercial bills of exchange

银行本票
cashier's checks

支票
cheque

汇兑
remittances

委托收款
entrusted collections,

异地托收承付和信用卡等方式
off-site collection commitments, and credit cards

在同业拆借上
in interbank lending,

我国商业银行间同业拆借
the chinese people are responsible for

有中国人民统一负责
the management of interbank lending

管理、组织、监督和稽核
the organization, supervision and audit of

商业银行用于拆出的资金
the funds used by commercial banks for lending

只限于缴足准备金
shall be limited to the full amount of reserves

留足备付金
which shall be returned to

归还人民银行
the people's bank of china

到期贷款后的闲置资金
the idle funds

拆入的资金
and borrowed funds after the maturity of the loan

只用于弥补票据清算
are only used to make up for the needs of

先收后支等
receipt before payment

临时性资金周转的需要
temporary fund turnover such as bill clearing

国家严禁非金融机构和个人
the state prohibits non-financial institutions and individuals

参与同业拆借活动
from participating in interbank lending activities

第三个呢
third

在担保
in terms of guarantee

代理
agency

保管及投融资限制上
custody and investment and financing restrictions

担保
the guarantee

代理
agency

和保管业务
and custody business

基本上适用合同法等法律调整当事人之间
basically applies the contract law and other laws to adjust

的民事权利义务关系
the civil rights and obligations between the parties

商业银行以平等的商事主体
commercial banks participate in the market activities

身份参与到市场活动当中去
as equal commercial subjects

但是
but

对于商业银行的投资业务
there are different restrictions on the

有不同程度的限制
investment business of commercial banks

以此来保障银行资产的安全
so as to protect the safety of bank assets

及存款人的利益
and the interests of depositors

比如
for example

我国商业银行
the marketable securities that

可购买的有价证券仅限于安全性
commercial banks in china can purchase are limited to security

收益性
profitability

及流动性
and liquidity.

比较有保障的政府债券
the more secure government bonds

和金融债券
and financial bonds are also limited to

向其他企业投资
to investments between banks.

也仅限于银行之间的投资
when investing in other companies

商业银行的融资业务
as the financing business of commercial banks

逐渐的市场化了
has gradually become market-oriented,

可以采用股权融资和
funds can be raised by means of equity financing

债权融资的方式筹措资金
and creditor's rights financing

但是
however

发行境外债券
the issuance

或者到境外借债
or borrowing of overseas bonds

应当依照法律法规的规定
shall be subject to the approval of the government

报经政府批准
in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations

好总结一下
let's sum it up

那么我们讲了国家
so we talked about the country’s

对商业银行的监管
supervision of commercial banks

包括组织上的监管
including organizational supervision

和业务行为上的监管
and the regulation of business behavior

无论哪一个监管
no matter which regulation it is

我们都是保障商业银行经营的稳健
both are to ensure the sound operation of commercial banks

保障金融市场的稳定
and guarantee the stability of the financial market

那最后呢
and in the end,

我还给大家留一道思考题
i'll leave a question for you to think about

你从商业银行资产负债表
from the balance sheet of commercial banks

和银行在国家经济中的地位方面
and the position of banks in the national economy

想想为什么要对商业银行
think about why should our government

进行严格的监管
strictly supervise commercial banks

好同学们
okay everyone

我们这次课就讲到这
that's all for this lesson

再见
goodbye