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The Arrival of 5G Will Revolutionize Games the Way 4G Changed Video Streaming
原文 | 翻译 |
5G is going to make your cellphone much faster, and that's going to change gaming dramatically[i]. 4G, adopted 10 years ago, is shorthand for “fourth generation” mobile technology. It exponentially[ii] increased the amount of data sent to your phone and made it possible to stream high-quality video. 4G tech put a DVD player in your pocket; 5G is going to put a PlayStation[iii] there too.
“In five to 10 years, a game-streaming company will be as prevalent[iv] as Netflix,” Shivendra Panwar, a professor of electrical and computer engineering and director of the New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Telecommunications at New York University, tells Newsweek. Total game sales around the world were estimated[v] to have been $138 billion in 2018.
Panwar says companies like Netflix took off because of wireless consumption of their videos, first via home Wi-Fi and then on phones following the arrival of 4G. But the change didn't happen fast. “In the early years, video-streaming quality wasn't great, and it was not available everywhere,” he says.
5G data speeds can be up to 20 times faster than 4G, allowing download speeds of 20 gigabytes[vi] per second. But first network operators will have to finish upgrading their equipment and phone manufacturers will have to roll out devices that can handle the greater speed and volume[vii] of data. 5G networks have already been launched in test markets in South Korea, China, Japan and the U.S. Samsung is launching its first 5G-enabled phone, the Galaxy S10 5G, on May 14.
If 5G works as advertised[viii], it will eliminate[ix] the need for big game consoles[x]. Instead of using a $300 system, you will be able to play games on your phone, computer or TV while a cloud server does all the processing. The experience should be indistinguishable[xi] from having a game console in the room with you, which is bad news for companies, like Nintendo, that manufacture game hardware.
One big unresolved technical challenge facing cloud gaming via 5G is latency[xii]—that is, the time it takes a cloud server to recognize which buttons the user just pressed. A noticeable lag can make gaming impossible when reaction time is measured in milliseconds. Even today's Wi-Fi isn't reliable enough for professional gamers, who still connect their equipment with physical Ethernet[xiii] cables for tournament[xiv] play. Panwar, who researches latency, says a key to eliminating it is upgrading transmission control protocols[xv]. TCPs are the software that allows a computer or phone to manage the torrent[xvi] of data it receives from a wireless network. But Panwar says, “Cloud-based gaming is something people are skeptical about because, like with 4G and then with 5G, it won't be available everywhere, or there won't be good data plans.”
“Imagine the data is going through a water pipe between your device and the network,” Panwar explains. “The TCP must estimate the length of the pipe, the diameter[xvii] and the location. And it's changing constantly,” he says adding, “TCPs that will support game streaming are not yet tuned to optimize[xviii] for low latency, though there has been some progress recently.”
Meanwhile, major players in tech and gaming are jockeying[xix] to become the Netflix of gaming in the post-5G world. Sony and Microsoft already have digital-only subscription[xx] services for their consoles. The lead, however, currently belongs to Google.
Google Stadia, announced in March, is the first game-streaming service that's based solely on cloud server computing. Stadia will be a subscription service like Netflix (no price has been announced) that will enable you to play the latest games in ultra-high resolution[xxi] on any device that supports a Google Chrome browser or Stadia app.
No new hardware is required, and Google says its cloud servers provide vastly more processing power than home consoles and PCs do. In theory, that means Stadia will deliver a better game experience on your phone than even the best consoles. And because Stadia uses the cloud, developers will be able to design more complex games without having to squeeze them onto home hardware.
But Stadia will also give Google access to your data. “A big advantage for game-streaming applications like Stadia is it allows for collection of real-time data[xxii] on gamer behavior and preferences,” Panwar says. A Google spokesman told Newsweek that Stadia “will be aligned[xxiii] with Google policies seen on our other offerings.” The company collects user data on services like YouTube and Google Maps. Stadia can run on 5G or Wi-Fi, but some Wi-Fi setups[xxiv] may not be able to handle streaming a high-quality game.
It's clear there is a huge potential audience in 5G streaming. What's less obvious is who will dominate the market.
“I can't predict whether Google will get it right or if some other competitor will,” Panwar says.
| 5G会让你的手机上网速度加快，同时也会对游戏界造成翻天覆地的改变。十年前出现的4G，是第四代移动技术的简称。4G指数级地提高了手机数据传输的数量，并且让观看高清视频成为可能。4G技术是将光盘播放机放入了你的口袋；而5G则是把游戏街机也放进去了。
史文嘉·潘沃是纽约大学电气和计算机工程专业的教授，同时也是纽约大学纽约电信高级技术中心的主任。潘沃表示：“在未来的五到十年里，游戏下载公司将会和奈飞视频公司一样火爆。有人曾预估，2018年时，世界总体游戏销售额将会达到1380亿美元。
潘沃表示，像奈飞这样的公司之所以崭露头角，是因为它们的视频都是通过无线网络传输的，起初是通过家庭无线网络，然后是在4G网络到来后，通过手机传输。但这种变化并不是一朝一夕的。他说:“在早期，视频下载的质量不是很好，而且并不是哪里都有信号。”
5G的数据速度比4G快20倍，可以实现每秒20 g的下载速度。但首先，网络运营商必须完成设备升级，手机制造商必须推出能够处理更快速度和更大数据量的设备。5G网络已经在韩国、中国、日本和美国的测试市场推出。三星将于5月14日推出其首款5G手机Galaxy S10。
如果5G像广告宣传的一样，它将消除对大型游戏机的需求。你可以在手机、电脑或电视上玩游戏，而不是使用价值300美元的游戏系统，而所有的处理工作都由云服务器完成。这种体验应该与你在房间里有一台游戏机没有区别，这对任天堂等生产游戏硬件的公司来说可不是什么好消息。
通过5G进行的云游戏面临的一个尚未解决的重大技术挑战，那就是延迟问题——即云服务器识别用户刚刚按下的是哪个按钮所花费的时间。当反应时间以毫秒为单位时，明显的延迟将会极大的影响游戏体验。即使是现在的无线信号对职业玩家来说也不够可靠，因为他们仍然需要通过物理以太网电缆连接设备来进行比赛。潘沃致力于研究网络延迟，他表示，消除延迟的关键是升级传输控制协议。TCPs是一种允许计算机或手机管理其从无线网络接收的海量数据的软件。但是潘沃说，“人们对基于云的游戏持怀疑态度，因为就像4G和5G一样，不是所有的地方都能收到信号，所以也不会有可行的数据计划。”
“想象一下，数据通过你的设备和网络之间的管道，”潘沃解释道。“TCP必须估计管道的长度、直径和位置。而且它还在不断地变化，”他补充道，“尽管最近取得了一些进展，但支持游戏流媒体的TCPs还没有调式到最优以适应低延迟。”
与此同时，科技和游戏领域的主要公司正在努力成为后5G世界游戏领域的奈飞公司。索尼和微软已经为他们的游戏机提供了数字订阅服务。然而，目前谷歌仍处于领先地位。
谷歌Stadia公司于今年3月宣布，它是首个完全基于云服务器计算的流媒体游戏服务。Stadia将会像奈飞一样提供订阅服务(价格尚未公布)，它将使您能够在任何支持谷歌Chrome浏览器或Stadia应用程序的设备上以超高分辨率畅玩最新游戏。
而且它不需要新的硬件，谷歌表示，它的云服务器提供的处理能力完胜家用游戏机和个人电脑。从理论上讲，这意味着Stadia将为你的手机提供更好的游戏体验，甚至要超过最好的游戏机。而且因为Stadia使用云计算技术，这样开发者能够设计更复杂的游戏，而不必把它们压缩到家庭硬件上。
但是Stadia也可以让谷歌访问您的数据。 潘沃说:“像Stadia这样的游戏流媒体应用程序的一大优势是它可以收集玩家行为和偏好的实时数据。”谷歌的一位发言人告诉《新闻周刊》，Stadia“将与我们在其他产品上看到的谷歌政策并无差别”。该公司通过YouTube和谷歌地图等服务收集用户数据。 Stadia可以在5G或无线网络环境下运行，但一些无线网络设置可能无法播放高质量的流媒体游戏。
很明显，5G流媒体有巨大的潜在受众。但是谁将主导市场尚未可知。 潘沃表示:“是谷歌还是其他的竞争对手取得成功，现在谁都说不好。” |
[i] Dramatically（dramatic）:戏剧性的；引人注目的。
His tone changed dramatically when he saw the money.
当他看到钱的时候，他的语调发生了巨大的变化。
[ii]Exponentially: n. 指数；倡导者 adj. 指数的，幂数的
exponential growth 指数增长
[iii] PlayStation 游戏机
[iv] Prevalent: adj. 流行的，普遍的
The habit of travelling by aeroplane is becoming more prevalent.
乘飞机旅行的习惯已经越来越普遍了
[v] Estimate v. 估计，估价
cost estimate 成本估算
budget estimate 预算
estimate price 估价
[vi] Gigabytes 十亿字节；十亿位组
The scan of today takes up about 800 books, or 20 gigabytes.
今天的扫描占用了大约800本书的空间，或者20GB。
[vii] Volume n.卷；册；书籍；体积；音量
air volume 风量
automatic volume control 自动音量控制
bound volume 合订本
[viii] Advertise v.公布；宣传
The company advertised for a new secretary.
公司登广告招聘一名新秘书
[ix] Eliminate v.消除；排除；淘汰；（口语）干掉
eliminate illiteracy 扫盲
eliminate poverty 消除贫困
eliminate noise 消除噪音
[x] Console n. 控制台（con-强调 sol-solid整体）v. 安慰；慰问；
game console 游戏机
instrumentation console 仪表盘
[xi] Indistinguishable adj.难以区分，不能分辨的
The synthetic material（合成材料） is indistinguishable from real silk, but much cheaper.
这种合成材料与真丝难以区别，但是便宜的多。
[xii] Latency n. 潜伏；潜在因素；延迟
latency time 延迟时间
minimum latency 最低延时
[xiii] Ethernet n.以太网
Ethernet switch 以太网交换机
fast Ethernet 快速以太网
[xiv] Tournament n. 锦标赛；联赛
invitational tournament 邀请赛
tournament committee 竞赛委员会
open tournament 公开赛
[xv] Protocol n.礼仪；草案；议定书
geneva protocol 日内瓦公约
internet protocol 互联网协议
kyoto protocol 京都议定书
[xvi] Torrent n.奔流，倾注，连续不断
I was proceeding through torrents of rain
我在倾盆大雨中前进
[xvii] Diameter n. 直径
The pond has a diameter of 2 hundred meter
这个池塘的直径有两百米。
[xviii] optimize v.使最优；优化
optimize allocation of resources 优化资源配置
optimize the economic structure 优化经济结构
[xix] jockey v. 驾驶；欺骗；移动 n. 驾驶员，操作工
disc jockey DJ 电台的音乐节目主持人
jockey club 赛马俱乐部
[xx] subscription n. 捐助、订阅、签名
A subscription costs 12 dollars per annum.
每年的杂志订阅需要12美元。
[xxi] ultra-high resolution 超高分辨率
Those numbers refer to Ultra High Definition screens that provide up to 4,000 or 8,000 pixels horizontal resolution, rendering pictures very close to reality.
4k和8k指的是水平分辨率能够达到4000或8000像素的显示频，提供近乎完美的画面真实感。
[xxii] real-time data 实时数据
The emergence of real-time data warehouse changes this situation.
实时数据仓库的出现改变了这个局面。
[xxiii] Align v.使结盟；使成一排；排列
align alignment 微调；补偿；校正
align center 居中对齐
align left 左对齐
align right 右对齐
[xxiv] Setup n.组织；机构；安排；结构；计划；方案
This is a nice setup, did you hire an interior decorator?
这个结构很好,你请了室内设计师吗?
-报纸新看 1 Lead in
--1.1 Lead in -- The History of Newspaper
-报纸新看 2 Intensive Listening
--2.1 Listening Skill -- Note Taking
--2.2 Intensive Listening -- The End of Newspaper
--2.3 Vocabulary
-报纸新看 3 Extensive Listening
--3.1 New Words -- Survival in the Internet Age
--3.2 Dictation -- Survival in the Internet Age
--3.3 Extensive Listening -- Survival in the Internet Age
--3.4 Vocabulary -- Survive in the Internet World
-报纸新看 4 Presentation Skill
--4 Presentation Skill -- Survival in the Internet World
-智能电视 1 Lead in
-智能电视 2 Read Aloud
-智能电视 3 Summary
-智能电视 4 Words
--4 Words
-智能电视 5 Sentences and Words
-智能电视 6 Explanation of the Text
-智能电视 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-智能电视 8 Discussion
-直播 1 -- Lead in
-直播 2 -- Intensive Listening
--2.1 Listening Skills -- Make Predictions -- Topics -- Dialouge with the Director
--2.2 Dialouge with the Director
--2.3 Vocabulary
-直播 3 -- Extensive Listening
--3.1 Vocabulary -- Interview with Professor Grygiel
--3.2 Dictation -- Interview with Professor Grygiel
--3.4 Vocabulary
-直播 4 -- Interview Skills
--4.1 Interview Skills -- Live-streaming in China & USA
-Vlog 1 -- Lead in
-Vlog 2 -- Read Aloud
-Vlog 3 -- Summay & Structure
-Vlog 4 Words
--4 Words
-Vlog 5 Sentences
-Vlog 6 Explanation of the Text
-Vlog 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-Vlog 8 Assignment
--8 Assignment
-新型课堂 1 Lead in
--1.1 Lead in --- What is MOOC
-新型课堂 2 Extensive Listening
-新型课堂 3 Intensive Listening
-移动学习 1 Lead in
-移动学习 2 Read Aloud
-移动学习 3 Summary & Structure
-移动学习 4 Words
--4 Words
-移动学习 5 Sentences
-移动学习 6 Explanation of the Text
-移动学习 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-移动学习 8 Discussion
-电子竞技 1 Lead in
-电子竞技 2 Intensive Listening
--2.1 Listening Skills -- Note Taking
--2.3 Words about eSport
-电子竞技 3 Extensive LIstening
--3.4 Words about eSports
-CG动画 1 Lead in
-CG 动画 2 Summary & Structure
-CG动画 3 Words
--3 Words
-CG动画 4 Sentences
-CG动画 5 Explanation of the Text
-CG动画 6 Exercises
--6 Exercises
-CG动画 7 Assignment
--7 Assignment
-CG动画 8 Discussion
-AR技术 1 Lead in
--1 Lead in --- Augmentaed Reality
-AR技术 2 Intensive Listening
--2.1 Listening Skill -- Note Taking
--2.2 Words about AR
-AR技术 3 Extensive Listening
--3.3 Extensive Listening -- AR
--3.4 Words about AR
-科幻小说 1 Lead in
-科幻小说 2 Summary & Structure
-科幻小说 3 Words
--3 Words
-科幻小说 4 Sentences
-科幻小说 5 Explanation of the Text
-科幻小说 6 Exercises
--6 Exercises
-科幻小说 7 Discussion
-大数据 1 Lead In
-大数据 2 Intensive Listening
--2.2 Intensive Listening -- What is Big Data?
--2.3 Vocabulary
-大数据 3 Extensive Listening
--3.1 Language Note -- The Value of Big Data
--3.4 Vocabulary
-社交媒体 1 Lead In
--1 Lead in -- What is social media?
-社交媒体 2 Read Aloud
-社交媒体 3 Summary & Structure
-社交媒体 4 Words
--4 Words -- What is social media？
-社交媒体 5 Sentences
-社交媒体 6 Explanation of the Text
-社交媒体 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-社交媒体 8 Discussion
-5G 1 Lead in
-5G 2 Intensive Listening
--2.2 Intensive Listening -- Is 5G safe？
-5G 3 Extensive Listening
--3.4 Words for Media
-游戏革命 1 Lead in
-游戏革命 2 Read Aloud
-游戏革命 3 Summary & Structure
-游戏革命 4 Words
--4 Words
-游戏革命 5 Sentences
-游戏革命 6 Explanation of the Text
-游戏革命 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-游戏革命 8 Discussion
-如何保护隐私 1 Lead in
-如何保护隐私 2 Intensive Listening
--2.3 Words
-如何保护隐私 3 Extensive Listening
--3.4 Vocabulary
-隐私时代 1 Lead in
-隐私时代 2 Read Aloud
-隐私时代 3 Summary & Structure
-隐私时代 4 Words
--4 Words
-隐私时代 5 Sentences
-隐私时代 6 Explanation of the Text
-隐私时代 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-隐私时代 8 Discussion
-期末考试
-Examining Sharenting and Children's Digital Representation on Instagram
-How the Block Chain is Changing Money and Business
-The Paradox of the Modern Mass Media
-Social Media and Mental Health
-Social Media Is Not Self-Expression
-After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News (2020)
-Traditional vs. New Media: The Balancing Effect
-TED: Social Meida and the End of Gender
-TED: Join "Team Human" in the Digital Future
-直播
--Lead in
--30 Days inside Chinese Live Streaming
-大数据
--Lead in
--TED
-AR
--Lead in
-eSports
--Lead in
--How eSports Changed the Game
-人工智能
--Lead in
-新型课堂
--Lead in
-移动支付
--Lead in
--Why Mobile Payment are a Mess
--The Lastest in Payment Technologies
-保护隐私
--Lead in
-5G
--Lead in
