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New media are challenging the traditional boundaries[i] of data protection
新媒体对传统数据保护的界限提出挑战
原文 翻译
This year’s Data Protection Day – 28 January – takes place against a backdrop[ii] of international controversy[iii], with debate raging on the rights and wrongs of Wikileaks[iv], users of social media waking up to the privacy pitfalls[v] of online life, and individuals exercising their right to opt[vi] out of Google’s Street View.
When Data Protection Day was launched[vii] five years ago, Wikileaks was a few months from launch and Facebook was in its infancy[viii]. Our idea of data protection was focused on the individual’s right to keep his or her private information truly private.
The march[ix] of technology has blown wide open the whole issue of privacy, freedom of expression, and the limits of that freedom; and it has made data protection both a social and economic imperative[x]. The debate has changed, the private and the public spheres[xi] are no longer distinguishable[xii], and both policymakers and the public find themselves in very unfamiliar territory[xiii].
The reverberations[xiv] from Wikileaks’ publication of so many confidential[xv] documents will be felt for years to come. The number of adamant[xvi] supporters of the site’s actions is matched by those calling for stringent[xvii] crackdowns[xviii]. The affair has shaken the idea of diplomatic[xix] secrecy[xx], but it has also presented us with an opportunity to look at how we ensure transparency[xxi] and accountability[xxii] in the future. Wikileaks has also challenged traditional notions of journalism, bringing up fresh challenges to both media freedom and journalists’ working practices, but it has vindicated[xxiii] some old values: after all, much of Wikileaks’ impact came about because of reporting by journalists from traditional media.
The advent[xxiv] of new communication technologies is changing the world as surely as the spinning jenny[xxv] transformed the textile[xxvi] industry and the world’s economies; and just as no one could foresee[xxvii] the long-term impact of the Industrial Revolution, no more can anyone predict the future now. If Wikileaks is forced to close, a thousand more sites will spring up in its place – indeed, some former Wikileaks collaborators[xxviii] are in the process of launching an alternative[xxix], Openleaks. We cannot even predict with any certainty how communications technology is going to evolve[xxx], and the impact it will have on both our personal relationships and the way we organize our societies.
The accepted paradigms[xxxi] no longer work, and any attempt to use old tools are doomed[xxxii] to failure. So, is there any need for the Council of Europe Data Protection Convention?
It was pioneering[xxxiii] when it was launched in 1981, and in the 30 years since the Convention has served as the backbone[xxxiv] of international law in 40 European countries and influenced policy and legislation far beyond Europe’s shores.
Today it is a necessity[xxxv], as personal information is constantly recorded, communicated and analyzed, often without our knowledge[xxxvi], let alone[xxxvii] our consent[xxxviii] – especially so in the cyberworld, where data-harvesting[xxxix] is all too common.
At a time when the boundaries between privacy and freedom have become fudged[xl], work to revise the Convention will be a demanding[xli] process. It will force us to face those issues that are causing so much public controversy[xlii] at present. Where is the boundary? How do we ensure that the individual and society are protected to the optimum[xliii], and that a balance is struck[xliv] that helps us to decide what is truly in the public interest?
The Council of Europe is in a strong position to explore these questions. Most importantly, our work is firmly rooted[xlv] in an unshakeable belief in human rights and transparency. These are the principles that guided our work to draw up[xlvi] the original Data Protection Convention 30 years ago, and they will be the same ones that guide our work now.
Today’s news is Wikileaks; tomorrow there will be new challenges. In a fast-changing world, we must be able to adapt to new realities. The question is how to adjust the boundaries. For this, the one fundamental value on which modern Europe is built – the human-rights principles set out in the European Convention of Human Rights – must be our guiding line when we seek to revise the Data Protection Convention and adapt it to new communication challenges.
| 今年1月28日的数据保护日以国际争端为背景展开的，对于以下问题进行了激烈讨论：维基解密的存在正确与否，社交媒体用户的隐私隐患意识，以及个人选择退出Google街景的权利。
五年前数据保护日启动时，维基解密还有几个月就要上线了，而Facebook还处于起步阶段。我们当时的数据保护理念关注的是如何真正保证个人信息的隐私性。
随着技术的进步，隐私、言论自由和自由的限度中的问题逐渐显露；数据保护成为社会领域与经济领域的当务之急。当下的争论重点也发生了改变，个人领域和公共领域的界限难以区分，政策制定者和公众都发现自己处于一个非常陌生的领域。
维基解密发布了众多机密文件，其轰动性影响将持续数年。对于维基解密的是否应该存在的问题，坚定的支持者与要求严厉镇压的反对者数量不相上下。这一事件虽然动摇了外交保密的理念，但它也为我们提供了一个契机，让我们重新审视未来如何确保在信息透明度的同时保证问责制。维基解密也冲击了传统新闻观，对媒体自由和记者的职责提出了新的挑战，但它也证明了一些旧价值观的正确性：毕竟，维基解密的影响很大程度上是来自传统媒体记者的报道。
正如纺织机改变了纺织业和世界经济一样，新通讯技术的出现正在改变世界；同样，没有人预见到了工业革命带来的长期影响，现在也没有人能够预测未来。如果维基解密被迫关闭，也将会有上千个网站涌泉而出，取而代之；其实，一些前维基解密合作者已经在启动一个叫做Openleaks的替代方案了。其实，我们更无法预测未来通信技术的发展，更不用说它将对我们的人际关系和社会组织方式产生什么影响了。
公认的范例已经不起作用了，继续使用旧方法注定要失败。那么，欧洲理事会(Council of Europe)提出的数据保护公约(Data Protection Convention)还有存在的必要吗?
数据保护公约在1981年发起时的确具有开拓性。自它出世以来的30年中，一直是40个欧洲国家国际法的支柱，其对政策与法律制定的影响远远超出欧洲海岸这些国家。
公约的继续存在如今还是非常必要的，因为个人信息一直被记录、传播和分析，而我们往往对此一无所知，更不用说这些过程是否征得我们的同意了——尤其是在网络世界，数据收集太常见了。
在隐私和自由的界限变得模糊时，修订公约将是一个艰难的过程。我们不得不面对当下这些备受争议的公众问题。数据保护的边界在哪里？我们如何确保个人和社会得到最佳的保护？如何在两者间找到一个平衡点来定义什么才是真正符合公众利益的做法？
欧洲委员会在探讨这些问题时其实还是处于有利地位的。最重要的是，我们始终坚信保护人权和信息透明是永不可动摇的。30年前这个理念指导我们起草了最初的数据保护公约，今后它也将继续作为我们工作原则的指导。
今天的新闻是关于维基解密的；明天同样将会有新的挑战。在这个瞬息万变的世界中，我们必须适应新的现实。但问题的关键在于如何调整这些问题的界限。为此，现代欧洲赖以建立的一项基本价值——《欧洲人权公约》所规定的人权原则——必须成为我们在修订数据保护公约和使其适应新的信息挑战时的指导方针。
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[i]boundary：界限
The boundaries between history and storytelling are always being blurred and muddled.
历史与故事的界限一直模糊不清。
[ii] backdrop：（事态或活动的）背景
It was against this backdrop of racial tension that the civil war began.
这场内战肇端于种族之间的紧张状态。
[iii] controversy 论战
The proposed cuts have caused considerable controversy.
削减的提议引起了巨大的争议。
[iv] wikileaks: WikiLeaks is a multi-national media organization and associated library. It was founded by its publisher Julian Assange in 2006. WikiLeaks specializes in the analysis and publication of large datasets of censored or otherwise restricted official materials involving war, spying and corruption. It has so far published more than 10 million documents and associated analyses.
[v] pitfall: 隐患
The pitfalls of working abroad are numerous.
在国外工作有很多隐患。
[vi] opt: 选择
Depending on your circumstances you can opt for one method or the other.
根据自己的情况，你可以选择这种或那种方法。
[vii] launch: 推出 (新产品)
...powerful allies to help the company launch a low-cost "network computer."
…帮助公司推出一种低价“网络电脑”的强大同盟。
[viii] infancy: 初期
Computing science was still in its infancy.
计算机科学仍然处于初期阶段。
[ix] march 进展
It is easy to feel trampled by the relentless march of technology.
技术日新月异的发展容易让人感到压抑。
[x] imperative: 紧迫之事
The most important political imperative is to limit the number of U.S. casualties.
政治上的当务之急是控制美国的伤亡人数。
[xi] sphere：(活动、兴趣的) 领域
...the sphere of international politics.
…国际政治领域。
[xii] distinguishable：可区分的
...features that make their products distinguishable from those of their rivals.
…将他们的产品与其竞争对手们的产品区别开来的一些特色。
[xiii] territory： 领域
Following the futuristic "The Handmaid's Tale," Margaret Atwood's seventh novel, "Cat's Eye," returns to more familiar territory.
在推出具有未来主义色彩的《女仆的故事》之后，玛格丽特•阿特伍德的第7部小说《猫眼》返回了更为熟悉的领域。
[xiv] reverberation： 反响; 轰动
In the end, the attempt failed, but the reverberations still can be felt today.
虽然最后尝试以失败告终，但其反响至今依然存在。
[xv] confidential：保密的
She accused them of leaking confidential information about her private life.
她指责他们泄露了有关她的私生活的保密信息。
[xvi] adamant：坚决的
The president is adamant that he will not resign.
该总统坚决不辞职。
[xvii] stringent： (法律、规定或条件) 严格的
He announced that there would be more stringent controls on the possession of weapons.
他宣布在武器的持有方面将会有更严格的控制。
[xviii] crackdown：严惩措施; 镇压
...anti-government unrest that ended with the violent army crackdown.
…因遭到暴力武装镇压而告终的反政府动乱。
[xix] diplomatic：外交的
...before the two countries resume full diplomatic relations.
…在两国全面恢复外交关系之前。
[xx] secrecy：保密; 秘密
The government has thrown a blanket of secrecy over the details.
政府已对这些细节严加保密。
[xxi] transparency：易懂；清楚；透明度
a need for greater transparency in legal documents
对法律文件更简明易懂的需求
[xxii] accountability：问责制
We will work with governors of both parties to demand more efficiency and accountability from Medicaid.
我们将与两党州长共同努力，要求提高医疗补助的效率和问责。
[xxiii] vindicate: 证实；证明有理
I have every confidence that this decision will be fully vindicated.
我完全相信这一决定的正确性将得到充分证明。
[xxiv] advent: ( the ~ of sth/sb ) [ sing. ] （重要事件、人物、发明等的）出现，到来
the advent of new technology 新技术的出现
[xxv] spinning jenny: an early type of spinning frame with several spindles, invented by James Hargreaves in 1764
珍妮纺纱机; 詹姆斯•哈格里弗斯于1764年发明的一种早期多轴纺织机
[xxvi] textile: 纺织业
Another 75,000 jobs will be lost in textiles and clothing.
纺织业和制衣业又将失去7.5万个就业机会。
[xxvii] foresee: 预见
He did not foresee any problems.
他没有预见到任何问题。
[xxviii] collaborator: (尤指著书或进行研究时的) 合作者
The Irvine group and their collaborators are testing whether lasers do the job better.
欧文小组和他们的合作者们正在测试是否用激光更好。
[xxix] alternative: 替代品
People will see HD DVD as an inexpensive alternative to the next generation HD movie format.
HD DVD是作为替代下一代HD电影格式的一种廉价选择。
[xxx] evolve：使…逐步发展; 逐步发展
Each school must evolve its own way of working.
每个学校必须形成自己的办学方式。
[xxxi] paradigm： 典范；范例；样式
Here was a product that changed the paradigm of how we listened to music.
这个产品改变了我们听音乐的方式。
[xxxii] doom： [ usually passive ] ~ sb/sth (to sth) 使…注定失败（或遭殃、死亡等）
The plan was doomed to failure.
这个计划注定要失败。
[xxxiii] pioneering：开创性的
The school has won awards for its pioneering work with the community.
该校因与社区开创性合作而获奖。
[xxxiv] backbone：支柱；骨干；基础
Agriculture forms the backbone of the rural economy.
农业是农村经济的基础。
[xxxv] necessity：必然；必要；需要
We recognize the necessity for a written agreement.
我们认为有必要签订一份书面协议。
[xxxvi] without our knowledge 在我们不知情的情况下
We have the right not to become a polarized society for the decisions you make about us without our knowledge or consent.
我们有权利不成为一个两极分化的社会，因为你们在我们不知情或不同意的情况下对我们做出的决定。
[xxxvii] let alone 更不用说
The fear they will be unable to support themselves let alone if they have children.
他们害怕不能养活自己。更不用说，如果有了孩子的话。
[xxxviii] consent：准许
The written consent of a parent is required.
要求有家长的书面同意。
[xxxix] data-harvest 数据收集
harvest：When you harvest sth., you gather it in. 收割
Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand.
这儿的稻农仍然靠双手种植和收割庄稼。
[xl] fudge：超出界限或限制
I feel that the author has fudged a little on the rules for crime fiction
我觉得作者的写作超越了犯罪小说的规则。
[xli] demanding：费时的，费力的，高要求的
He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer cope with his demanding job.
他试图回去工作，但发现自己不再能适应这项费时的工作。
[xlii] controversy：论战
The proposed cuts have caused considerable controversy.
削减的提议引起了巨大的争议。
[xliii] optimum： 最佳的
Try to do some physical activity three times a week for optimum health.
试着每星期锻炼身体3次，以达到最佳的健康状态。
[xliv] strike a ˈbalance (between A and B)
（在对立二者之间）找到折中办法；平衡（对立的双方）
[xlv] root：使...生根; 生根
Our cultural heritage, our knowledge and educational values are all rooted in our natural environment.
我们的文化遗产、知识和教育价值都植根于我们的自然环境。
[xlvi] draw up：起草
They agreed to establish a working party to draw up a formal agreement.
他们同意成立一个工作组来起草一份正式协议。
-报纸新看 1 Lead in
--1.1 Lead in -- The History of Newspaper
-报纸新看 2 Intensive Listening
--2.1 Listening Skill -- Note Taking
--2.2 Intensive Listening -- The End of Newspaper
--2.3 Vocabulary
-报纸新看 3 Extensive Listening
--3.1 New Words -- Survival in the Internet Age
--3.2 Dictation -- Survival in the Internet Age
--3.3 Extensive Listening -- Survival in the Internet Age
--3.4 Vocabulary -- Survive in the Internet World
-报纸新看 4 Presentation Skill
--4 Presentation Skill -- Survival in the Internet World
-智能电视 1 Lead in
-智能电视 2 Read Aloud
-智能电视 3 Summary
-智能电视 4 Words
--4 Words
-智能电视 5 Sentences and Words
-智能电视 6 Explanation of the Text
-智能电视 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-智能电视 8 Discussion
-直播 1 -- Lead in
-直播 2 -- Intensive Listening
--2.1 Listening Skills -- Make Predictions -- Topics -- Dialouge with the Director
--2.2 Dialouge with the Director
--2.3 Vocabulary
-直播 3 -- Extensive Listening
--3.1 Vocabulary -- Interview with Professor Grygiel
--3.2 Dictation -- Interview with Professor Grygiel
--3.4 Vocabulary
-直播 4 -- Interview Skills
--4.1 Interview Skills -- Live-streaming in China & USA
-Vlog 1 -- Lead in
-Vlog 2 -- Read Aloud
-Vlog 3 -- Summay & Structure
-Vlog 4 Words
--4 Words
-Vlog 5 Sentences
-Vlog 6 Explanation of the Text
-Vlog 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-Vlog 8 Assignment
--8 Assignment
-新型课堂 1 Lead in
--1.1 Lead in --- What is MOOC
-新型课堂 2 Extensive Listening
-新型课堂 3 Intensive Listening
-移动学习 1 Lead in
-移动学习 2 Read Aloud
-移动学习 3 Summary & Structure
-移动学习 4 Words
--4 Words
-移动学习 5 Sentences
-移动学习 6 Explanation of the Text
-移动学习 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-移动学习 8 Discussion
-电子竞技 1 Lead in
-电子竞技 2 Intensive Listening
--2.1 Listening Skills -- Note Taking
--2.3 Words about eSport
-电子竞技 3 Extensive LIstening
--3.4 Words about eSports
-CG动画 1 Lead in
-CG 动画 2 Summary & Structure
-CG动画 3 Words
--3 Words
-CG动画 4 Sentences
-CG动画 5 Explanation of the Text
-CG动画 6 Exercises
--6 Exercises
-CG动画 7 Assignment
--7 Assignment
-CG动画 8 Discussion
-AR技术 1 Lead in
--1 Lead in --- Augmentaed Reality
-AR技术 2 Intensive Listening
--2.1 Listening Skill -- Note Taking
--2.2 Words about AR
-AR技术 3 Extensive Listening
--3.3 Extensive Listening -- AR
--3.4 Words about AR
-科幻小说 1 Lead in
-科幻小说 2 Summary & Structure
-科幻小说 3 Words
--3 Words
-科幻小说 4 Sentences
-科幻小说 5 Explanation of the Text
-科幻小说 6 Exercises
--6 Exercises
-科幻小说 7 Discussion
-大数据 1 Lead In
-大数据 2 Intensive Listening
--2.2 Intensive Listening -- What is Big Data?
--2.3 Vocabulary
-大数据 3 Extensive Listening
--3.1 Language Note -- The Value of Big Data
--3.4 Vocabulary
-社交媒体 1 Lead In
--1 Lead in -- What is social media?
-社交媒体 2 Read Aloud
-社交媒体 3 Summary & Structure
-社交媒体 4 Words
--4 Words -- What is social media？
-社交媒体 5 Sentences
-社交媒体 6 Explanation of the Text
-社交媒体 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-社交媒体 8 Discussion
-5G 1 Lead in
-5G 2 Intensive Listening
--2.2 Intensive Listening -- Is 5G safe？
-5G 3 Extensive Listening
--3.4 Words for Media
-游戏革命 1 Lead in
-游戏革命 2 Read Aloud
-游戏革命 3 Summary & Structure
-游戏革命 4 Words
--4 Words
-游戏革命 5 Sentences
-游戏革命 6 Explanation of the Text
-游戏革命 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-游戏革命 8 Discussion
-如何保护隐私 1 Lead in
-如何保护隐私 2 Intensive Listening
--2.3 Words
-如何保护隐私 3 Extensive Listening
--3.4 Vocabulary
-隐私时代 1 Lead in
-隐私时代 2 Read Aloud
-隐私时代 3 Summary & Structure
-隐私时代 4 Words
--4 Words
-隐私时代 5 Sentences
-隐私时代 6 Explanation of the Text
-隐私时代 7 Exercises
--7 Exercises
-隐私时代 8 Discussion
-期末考试
-Examining Sharenting and Children's Digital Representation on Instagram
-How the Block Chain is Changing Money and Business
-The Paradox of the Modern Mass Media
-Social Media and Mental Health
-Social Media Is Not Self-Expression
-After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News (2020)
-Traditional vs. New Media: The Balancing Effect
-TED: Social Meida and the End of Gender
-TED: Join "Team Human" in the Digital Future
-直播
--Lead in
--30 Days inside Chinese Live Streaming
-大数据
--Lead in
--TED
-AR
--Lead in
-eSports
--Lead in
--How eSports Changed the Game
-人工智能
--Lead in
-新型课堂
--Lead in
-移动支付
--Lead in
--Why Mobile Payment are a Mess
--The Lastest in Payment Technologies
-保护隐私
--Lead in
-5G
--Lead in
