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我是云南大学信息学院丁海燕老师

欢迎走进C语言程序设计课堂

今天我们讲解格式化输入scanf函数

scanf函数功能是

从键盘上输入数据

该输入的数据

按指定的输入格式被赋给相应的输入项

scanf函数格式为

scanf

双引号格式控制字符串双引号

输入项列表

输入项列表可以是变量的地址

或字符串的首地址

例如

scanf

a=%d

逗号b=%d

&a&b

scanf

%d%f

&a&f

scanf

%o%f

&b&x

例如

scanf

c=%d

d=%d

回车

其中

格式控制字符串

是用双引号括起来的字符串

由格式说明和普通字符两部分组成

输入项列表可以是变量的地址

或字符串的首地址

其类型与个数

必须与格式控制字符串中格式字符的类型

个数一致

当有多个输入项时

各项之间用逗号分隔

scanf

c=%d

逗号

d=%d

/n

可以输入c=6

,d=8 回车

格式说明

格式说明一般格式为

%修饰符

格式字符

scanf函数的格式声明与

printf函数中的格式声明相似

以%开始

以一个格式字符结束

•中间可以插入附加的字符

修饰符是可选的

例如scanf

a=%f,b=%f,c=%f

&a&b&c

格式字符规定了对应输入项的输入格式

常用格式字符见下表

整型数据有4种格式字符

实型数据有2种格式字符

字符型数据有2种格式字符

如表所示

d(ld)

输入有符号十进制整型或长整型数

u或者lu

表示输入无符号十进制整数或长整型数

o或者lo

表示输入八进制整数或长整型数

x或lx

表示输入十六进制整型或长整型数

f或lf

表示输入小数形式的单精度

或双精度实型数

e或le

表示输入指数形式的单精度

双精度实型数

c表示输入一个字符

s表示输入字符串

scanf函数中使用的修饰符如下

m指定数据输入的宽度

对float和double型数据

宽度指整数位数加小数点加小数位数

星号表示忽略输入的数据

即不将输入数据赋给对应变量

例如

%3d

表示输入一个三位的十进制整数

%*d

忽略输入的整型数

不把它赋给变量

%md

可以连续输入一组数字

而不需要使用分隔符

系统会自动按域宽

截取数字

截给对应的变量

例如

scanf

%d%d%d

输入3个整型十进制数

以空格

tab键或回车键分隔

例如scanf

%d, %o, %f

输入3个数

以,分隔

scanf

a=%d, b=%d

则输入的形式是

a=32, b=28

普通字符要照原样输入

使用scanf函数时应注意的问题

scanf %f%f%f

abc错误

而scanf%f%f%f

&a,&b,&c 正确

对于

scanf a=%f b=%f c=%f

1空格3空格2 回车

错误

正确的格式为

a=1,b=3,c=2

没有逗号也是错误

注意

要求在程序运行中输入数据

输入的数据个数和类型

必须与格式说明符一一对应

地址参数形式

&变量名

数组或指针变量除外

格式控制中有普通字符时

必须照原样输入

格式控制中无普通字符时

输入的数值型数据和字符串用空白符分隔

字符型数据不必分隔

double型数据输入时

必须用%lf

或%le格式

实型数输入时域宽

不能用m.n形式的附加说明

为了减少不必要的输入量

除了逗号

分号

空格符以外

格式控制中尽量不要出现普通字符

也不要使用斜线n

斜线t 等转义字符

下面来看例3.8

整型数据的输入与输出

程序如下

int a b c d

定义整型变量a b c d

scanf %d

,%d"

用逗号分隔2个输入的整型数据

printf a=%d

, b=%d

用指定格式输出整型变量a b的值

程序运行结果如下

下面来看例3.9

单精度

双精度实型数据的输入与输出

程序如下

定义X1Y1两个实型变量

scanf %f

输入X1的值

scanf %lf

输入Y1的值

输出X1Y1

用%5.2f的格式输出X1Y1

单精度数据输入时用%f或%e

双精度数据输入时用%lf或%le

但输出时

无论单精度还是双精度数据

都可用%f或%e

程序运行时

输入5.3和3.1415926

可用空格

Tab键或回车分隔多个输入数据

程序运行结果如图所示

下面来看例3.10

字符数据的输入与输出

char c1 c2 c3

scanf %c

,%c

,%c

输入三个字符赋给变量c1 c2 c3

printf

c1=%c

,c2=%c

,c3=%c斜线n

在printf()的格式控制字符串中的

普通字符要原样输出

程序运行结果如图所示

下面来看例3.11

字符串的输出与输出

定义字符数组s1 s2

用格式说明%s输入字符串s1 s2

程序运行结果如图所示

用%s输入字符串s1和s2时

用空格作为分隔符

好了

同学们

格式化输入scanf函数

我们今天就学习到这儿

下节课再见!

C Programming课程列表:

Chapter 1 Introduction

-1.1 The development and characteristics of C language

--1.The development and characteristics of C language .mp4

--1.1 Self test questions

-1.2 A simple C Language program

--1.2 A simple C Language program.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】 Example 1.1 output a line of text Hello, world! "

--【Source program】 Example 1.2 program composed of multiple functions, find the larger of two integers

--1.2 Self test questions

-1.3 Program, Programming Language and C Program Running Steps

--1.3 Program, Programming Language and C Program Running Steps.mp4

--Discussion unit

--Running steps of C source program in CodeBlocks

--1.3 Self test questions

-Course references

-chapter 1 Self-Test

Chapter 2 Algorithm

-2.1 The Concept and Description of Algorithms

--2.1 The Concept and Description of Algorithms.mp4

--Discussion unit

--2.1 Self test questions

-2.2 Examples of Simple Algorithms, Computational Thinking and Structured Programming

--2.2 Examples of Simple Algorithms, Computational Thinking and Structured Programming.mp4

--Discussion unit

--2.2 Self test questions

-Chapter 2 Self test questions

Chapter 3 Programming in C

-3.1 Simple Structure and Identifier of C Language Program

--3.1 Simple Structure and Identifier of C Language Program.mp4

--【Source program】 Example 3.1 input two integers and output the sum of two numbers.

--【Source program】 Example 3.2 input two integers and output the average value.

--【Source program】 Example 3.3 output the value of the character variable.

--3.1 Self test questions

-3.2 Constants, Variables and Assignments

--3.2 Constants, Variables and Assignments.mp4

--Discussion unit

--3.2 Self test questions

-3.3 Arithmetic, assignment, increment and decrement operators

--3.3 Arithmetic, assignment, increment and decrement operators.mp4

--3.3 Self test questions

-3.4 Conditions, commas, addresses, byte operators, and mixed operations among various numerical data

--3.4 Conditions, commas, addresses, byte operators, and mixed operations among various numerical data

--【Source program】 example of sizeof

--3.4 Self test questions

-3.5 Input and Output Examples and Character Input and Output

--3.5 Input and Output Examples and Character Input and Output.mp4

--【Source program】 Example. Find the root of quadratic equation of one variable.

--【Source program】 Example 1. Successively output three characters of BOY.

--【Source program】Example 2. Input 3 characters of BOY from the keyboard and output them to the screen

--3.5 Self test questions

-3.6 Formatted output printf function

--3.6 Formatted output printf function.mp4

--【Source program】 Example 3.4 output of integer data.

--【Source program】 Example 3.5 real data output.

--【Source program】 Example 3.6 character data output.

--【Source program】 Example 3.7 uses %s to output a string.

--3.6 Self test questions

-3.7 Formatted input scanf function

--3.7 Formatted input scanf function.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】 Example 3.8 Input and output integer data

--【Source program】Example 3.9 Input and output single precision and double precision real data.

--【Source program】Example 3.10 input and output character data.

--【Source program】Example 3.11 input and output string.

--3.7 Self test questions

-3.8 Basic Data Types of C Language

--3.8 Basic Data Types of C Language.mp4

--3.8 Self test questions

-Chapter 3 Self test questions

-Operator and expression self test questions

Chapter 4 Selection Structure

-4.1 Relational operators, logical operators, and if statements

--4.1 Relational operators, logical operators, and if statements.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【source example】Example 4.1 Find the root of the quadratic equation of one variable.

--【Source program】Example 4.2 Input two real numbers and output them from small to large.

--4.1 Self test questions

-4.2 Switch Statement

--4.2 Switch Statement .mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 4.3 uses switch statement to implement simple menu program

--【Source program】Example 4.4 converts centesimal score into the corresponding grade system score.

--4.2 Self test questions

-4.3 Examples of Selection Structural Programs

--4.3 Examples of Selection Structural Programs.mp4

--【Source program】 Example 4.5 determines whether a year is a leap year.

--【Source program】 Example 4.6 find the solution of quadratic equation of one variable.

--【Source program】Example 4.7 calculate the transportation cost for the user.

--4.3 Self test questions

-Chapter 4 Self test questions

Chapter 5 Loop Structure

-5.1 While and Do-While Statement

--5.1 While and Do…while statement.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】example 5.1 Use while statement to find 1 + 2 + 3 + +100

--【Source program】example 5.2 using do while statement to find 1 + 2 + 3 + +100

--5.1 Self test questions

-5.2 For Statement

--5.2 for statement.mp4

--【Source program】example 5.3 Use for loop to find 1 + 2 + 3 +100

--5.2 Self test questions

-5.3 Change the State of Loop Execution and Nested Loop

--5.3 Change the state of loop execution and nested loop .mp4

--【Source program】example 5.4 collecting charity donations

--【Source program】example 5.5 output a number between 100 and 200 that cannot be divided by 3.

--【Source program】multiplication table

--【Source program】example 5.6 Output the following 4*5 matrix.

--5.3 Self test questions

-5.4 Loop Structure Program example 1

--5.4 Loop structure program example 1.mp4

--【Source program】example 1

--【Source program】example 2

--【Source program】example 3

--【Source program】 Example 4

--5.4 Self test questions

-5.5 Loop Structure Program example 2

--5.5 Loop structure program example 2.mp4

--【Source program】example 5. Output the following figure.

--【Source program】example6. The problem of 100 chickens and 100 coins

--【Source program】example 7. Find the approximate value of PI

--5.5 Self test questions

-Chapter 5 Self test questions

Chapter 6 Batch Data Processing with Array

-6.1 Definition, Reference and Initialization of One-Dimensional Arrays

--6.1 Definition, Reference of One-Dimensional Arrays.mp4

--Discussion unit

--6.1 Self test questions

-6.2 One-Dimensional Array Programming

--6.2 One-Dimensional Array Programming.mp4

--【Source program】example 1. Fibonacci sequence

--【Source program】example 2. Find the maximum value and the minimum value.

--【Source program】example 3 exchanging array elements in reverse order.

--【Source program】example 4. Bubble sorting.

--6.2 Self test questions

-6.3 Definition, Reference and Initialization of Two-Dimensional Arrays

--6.3 Definition, Reference of Two-Dimensional Arrays.mp4

--6.3 Self test questions

-6.4 Two-Dimensional Array Programming

--6.4 Two-Dimensional Array Programming.mp4

--【Source program】example 1. Get the average score of each subject.

--【Source program】Example 2. The elements of row and column of a 2D array are interchanged

--6.4 Self test questions

-6.5 Definition, initialization and input and output of character arrays

--6.5 Definition, initialization and input and output of character arrays .mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 6.6 Output a known string.

--【Source program】Example 6.7 Output a diamond.

--【Source program】Example 6.10 Sorting of strings.

--6.5 Self test questions

-6.6 String Processing Function

--6.6 String Processing Function.mp4

--6.6 Self test questions

-6.7 Character Array Programming

--6.7 Character Array Programming.mp4

--6.7 Self test questions

-Chapter 6 Self test questions

Chapter 7 Modular Programming with Functions

-7.1 Function Concept and How to Define and Call Functions

--7.1 Function Concept and How to Define and Call Functions.mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.1

--7.1 Self test questions

-7.2 Data Transfer in Function Call, Call Procedure and Function Return Value

--7.2 Data Transfer in Function Call, Call Procedure and Function Return Value.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 7.2

--7.2 Self test questions

-7.3 Declarations of called functions and nested calls to functions

--7.3 Declarations of called functions and nested calls to functions .mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.4 use a function to find the sum of t

--7.3 Self test questions

-7.4 Recursive call to function

--7.4 Recursive call to function.mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.6. How old is the fifth student?

--【Source program】Example 7.7 Use recursion method to find n!

--7.4 Self test questions

-7.5 Array as function parameter (1)

--7.5 Array as function parameter (1).mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 7.10

--7.5 Self test questions

-7.6 Array as function parameter (2)

--7.6 Array as function parameter (2).mp4

--【Source program】Selection sorting.

--【Source program】Example 7.13 find the maximum of a 3×4 matrix.

--7.6 Self test questions

-7.7 Local and global variables, internal and external functions

--7.7 Local and global variables, internal and external functions.mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.14

--7.7 Self test questions

-7.8 The Survival Period of Variables and the Storage Mode of Local Variables

--7.8 The Survival Period of Variables and the Storage Mode of Local Variables.mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.17

--7.8 Self test questions

-7.9 Storage Categories of Global Variables

--7.9 Storage Categories of Global Variables.mp4

--7.9 Self test questions

-Chapter 7 Self test questions

Chapter 8 Pointer

-8.1 Pointer Concept, Definition and Reference of Pointer Variables

--8.1 Pointer Concept, Definition and Reference of Pointer Variables.mp4

--【Source program】Example 8.1

--8.1 Self test questions

--Discussion unit

-8.2 Pointer variables as function parameters

--8.2 Pointer variables as function parameters.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 8.3. Exchange two data with function call.

--8.2 Self test questions

-8.3 Pointer of array element, operation of pointer and reference of array element by pointer

--8.3 Pointer of array element, operation of pointer and reference of array element by pointer.mp4

--【Source program】Point to array elements with pointer variables.

--8.3 Self test questions

-8.4 Using Array Name as Function Parameter

--8.4 Using Array Name as Function Parameter.mp4

--【Source program】Store array elements in reverse order.

--8.4 Self test questions

-8.5 Reference to multidimensional arrays by pointers

--8.5 Reference to multidimensional arrays by pointers.mp4

--【Source program】Pointer variable pointing to one-dimensional array.

--8.5 Self test questions

-8.6 Referencing strings through pointers

--8.6 Referencing strings through pointers.mp4

--【Source program】Reference string by pointer.

--8.6 Self test questions

-8.7 Character pointer as function parameter

--8.7 Character pointer as function parameter.mp4

--【Source program】Character pointer as function parameter.

--8.7 Self test questions

-8.8 Pointer pointing to function

--8.8 Pointer pointing to function.mp4

--【Source program】Pointer variable pointing to the function.

--8.8 Self test questions

-8.9 Functions that return pointer values

--8.9 Functions that return pointer values.mp4

--【Source program】Intercept substring.

--8.9 Self test questions

-8.10 Pointer arrays and multiple pointers

--8.10 Pointer arrays and multiple pointers.mp4

--【Source program】Sorting of strings.

--8.10 Self test questions

-8.11 Dynamic memory allocation and pointer variables pointing to it

--8.11 Dynamic memory allocation and pointer variables pointing to it.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Dynamic memory allocation.

--8.11 Self test questions

-Chapter 8 Self test questions

Chapter 9 Structure

-9.1 Define and use structural variables

--9.1 Define and use structural variables.mp4

--【Source program】Structure variable

--9.1 Self test questions

-9.2 Using structure arrays

--9.2 Using structure arrays.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Structure array

--9.2 Self test questions

-9.3 Structure pointer

--9.3 Structure pointer.mp4

--【Source program】Structure pointer

--9.3 Self test questions

-Chapter 9 Self test questions

CodeBlocks Baidu online disk download

-CodeBlocks Baidu online disk download address

Final Exam

-Final Exam

--final exam

3.7 Formatted input scanf function.mp4笔记与讨论

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