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8.6 Referencing strings through pointers.mp4课程教案、知识点、字幕

大家好,我是云南大学信息学院丁海燕老师

欢迎走进C语言程序设计课堂

今天我们讲解通过指针引用字符串

在前面几章中大量使用了字符串

如在printf函数中输出一个字符串

在本节中将介绍使用字符串的更加

灵活方便的方法——使用指针引用字符串

字符串是存放在字符数组中的

引用一个字符串,可以用以下两种方法

(1) 用字符数组存放一个字符串

可以通过数组名和格式声明“%s”输出该字符串

也可以通过数组名和下标引用字符串中一个字符

(2) 用字符指针变量指向一个字符串常量

通过字符指针变量引用字符串常量

下面来看例8.16 定义一个字符数组

在其中存放字符串“I love China!”

输出该字符串和第8个字符

解题思路:定义字符数组string

对它初始化,由于在初始化时字符的个数是确定的

因此可不必指定数组的长度

用数组名string和输出格式%s可以输出整个字符串

用数组名和下标可以引用任一数组元素

程序如下:

{ char string[]=“I love China!”;定义字符数组string

用%s输出整个字符串

“%c ”,string[7]);

其中,数组名string代表字符数组首元素的地址

string[7]代表数组中序号7的元素(它的值是字母C)

运行结果为

I love China!C

下面来看例8.17 通过字符指针变量输出一个字符串。

解题思路:可以不定义字符数组

只定义一个字符指针变量

用它指向字符串常量中的字符

通过字符指针变量输出该字符串

程序如下:

{ char *string=“I love China!”;

这是定义字符指针变量string并初始化

用%s输出字符串

在程序中没有定义字符数组

只定义了一个char *型变量(字符指针变量)string

用字符串常量 “I LoveChina!”对它初始化

C语言对字符串常量是按字符数组处理的

在内存开辟了一个字符数组用来存放该字符串常量

但是这个字符数组是没有名字的

因此不能通过数组名来引用

只能通过指针变量来引用。

对字符指针变量string初始化

实际上是把字符串第1个元素的地址

(即存放字符数组的首元素地址)

赋给指针变量string,使string指向字符串的第1个字符

char *string=“I love China!”;

这个语句等价于char *string;

string=“I love China!”;

这是把字符串第一个元素的地址赋给字符指针变量string

可以对指针变量再赋值,例如:

{ char *string=“I love China!”;

输出该字符串

string=”I am a student.”;对指针变量重新赋值,

输出string指向的字符串I am a student.

注意:

通过字符数组名或字符指针变量可以输出一个字符串

而对一个数值型数组,是不能企图用数组名

输出它的全部元素的

对于数值型数组的元素值只能逐个输出

例如:

int a[10];

printf(“%d ”,a); 错误

因为它输出的是数组首元素的地址

下面来看例8.18 将字符串a复制为字符串b

然后输出字符串b

解题思路:定义两个字符数组a和b

用“I am a student.”对a数组初始化

将a数组中的字符逐个复制到b数组中

可以用不同的方法引用并输出字符数组元素

今用地址法算出各元素的值

程序如下:

{ char a[ ]=“I am a student.”,b[20];

定义两个字符数组a和b

for(i=0;*(a+i)!='\0';i++)

*(b+i)=*(a+i);将a[i]的值赋值给b[i]

*(b+i)=‘\0’;在b数组的有效字符之后加’\0’

输出a数组中全部有效字符

输出b数组中全部有效字符

运行输出 string a is: I am a student

string b is: I am a student

程序中这三句

可写为printf("string b is:%s “,b);

下面来看例8.19 用指针变量来处理例8.18问题

解题思路:定义两个指针变量p1和p2

分别指向字符数组a和b

改变指针变量p1和p2的值

使它们顺序指向数组中的各元素,进行对应元素的复制

程序如下:

{ char a[]="I am a boy.",b[20],*p1,*p2;

定义两个指针变量p1和p2

p1=a; p2=b;

使p1,p2分别指向a数组和b数组中的第一个元素

for( ; *p1!=‘\0’; p1++,p2++)

*p2=*p1;

将p1所指向的元素的值赋给p2所指向的元素

*p2=‘\0’;在复制完 全部有效字符后加’\0’

输出a数组中的字符

输出b数组中的字符

运行输出结果相同

好了,同学们

使用指针引用字符串我们就学习到这儿

下节课再见!

C Programming课程列表:

Chapter 1 Introduction

-1.1 The development and characteristics of C language

--1.The development and characteristics of C language .mp4

--1.1 Self test questions

-1.2 A simple C Language program

--1.2 A simple C Language program.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】 Example 1.1 output a line of text Hello, world! "

--【Source program】 Example 1.2 program composed of multiple functions, find the larger of two integers

--1.2 Self test questions

-1.3 Program, Programming Language and C Program Running Steps

--1.3 Program, Programming Language and C Program Running Steps.mp4

--Discussion unit

--Running steps of C source program in CodeBlocks

--1.3 Self test questions

-Course references

-chapter 1 Self-Test

Chapter 2 Algorithm

-2.1 The Concept and Description of Algorithms

--2.1 The Concept and Description of Algorithms.mp4

--Discussion unit

--2.1 Self test questions

-2.2 Examples of Simple Algorithms, Computational Thinking and Structured Programming

--2.2 Examples of Simple Algorithms, Computational Thinking and Structured Programming.mp4

--Discussion unit

--2.2 Self test questions

-Chapter 2 Self test questions

Chapter 3 Programming in C

-3.1 Simple Structure and Identifier of C Language Program

--3.1 Simple Structure and Identifier of C Language Program.mp4

--【Source program】 Example 3.1 input two integers and output the sum of two numbers.

--【Source program】 Example 3.2 input two integers and output the average value.

--【Source program】 Example 3.3 output the value of the character variable.

--3.1 Self test questions

-3.2 Constants, Variables and Assignments

--3.2 Constants, Variables and Assignments.mp4

--Discussion unit

--3.2 Self test questions

-3.3 Arithmetic, assignment, increment and decrement operators

--3.3 Arithmetic, assignment, increment and decrement operators.mp4

--3.3 Self test questions

-3.4 Conditions, commas, addresses, byte operators, and mixed operations among various numerical data

--3.4 Conditions, commas, addresses, byte operators, and mixed operations among various numerical data

--【Source program】 example of sizeof

--3.4 Self test questions

-3.5 Input and Output Examples and Character Input and Output

--3.5 Input and Output Examples and Character Input and Output.mp4

--【Source program】 Example. Find the root of quadratic equation of one variable.

--【Source program】 Example 1. Successively output three characters of BOY.

--【Source program】Example 2. Input 3 characters of BOY from the keyboard and output them to the screen

--3.5 Self test questions

-3.6 Formatted output printf function

--3.6 Formatted output printf function.mp4

--【Source program】 Example 3.4 output of integer data.

--【Source program】 Example 3.5 real data output.

--【Source program】 Example 3.6 character data output.

--【Source program】 Example 3.7 uses %s to output a string.

--3.6 Self test questions

-3.7 Formatted input scanf function

--3.7 Formatted input scanf function.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】 Example 3.8 Input and output integer data

--【Source program】Example 3.9 Input and output single precision and double precision real data.

--【Source program】Example 3.10 input and output character data.

--【Source program】Example 3.11 input and output string.

--3.7 Self test questions

-3.8 Basic Data Types of C Language

--3.8 Basic Data Types of C Language.mp4

--3.8 Self test questions

-Chapter 3 Self test questions

-Operator and expression self test questions

Chapter 4 Selection Structure

-4.1 Relational operators, logical operators, and if statements

--4.1 Relational operators, logical operators, and if statements.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【source example】Example 4.1 Find the root of the quadratic equation of one variable.

--【Source program】Example 4.2 Input two real numbers and output them from small to large.

--4.1 Self test questions

-4.2 Switch Statement

--4.2 Switch Statement .mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 4.3 uses switch statement to implement simple menu program

--【Source program】Example 4.4 converts centesimal score into the corresponding grade system score.

--4.2 Self test questions

-4.3 Examples of Selection Structural Programs

--4.3 Examples of Selection Structural Programs.mp4

--【Source program】 Example 4.5 determines whether a year is a leap year.

--【Source program】 Example 4.6 find the solution of quadratic equation of one variable.

--【Source program】Example 4.7 calculate the transportation cost for the user.

--4.3 Self test questions

-Chapter 4 Self test questions

Chapter 5 Loop Structure

-5.1 While and Do-While Statement

--5.1 While and Do…while statement.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】example 5.1 Use while statement to find 1 + 2 + 3 + +100

--【Source program】example 5.2 using do while statement to find 1 + 2 + 3 + +100

--5.1 Self test questions

-5.2 For Statement

--5.2 for statement.mp4

--【Source program】example 5.3 Use for loop to find 1 + 2 + 3 +100

--5.2 Self test questions

-5.3 Change the State of Loop Execution and Nested Loop

--5.3 Change the state of loop execution and nested loop .mp4

--【Source program】example 5.4 collecting charity donations

--【Source program】example 5.5 output a number between 100 and 200 that cannot be divided by 3.

--【Source program】multiplication table

--【Source program】example 5.6 Output the following 4*5 matrix.

--5.3 Self test questions

-5.4 Loop Structure Program example 1

--5.4 Loop structure program example 1.mp4

--【Source program】example 1

--【Source program】example 2

--【Source program】example 3

--【Source program】 Example 4

--5.4 Self test questions

-5.5 Loop Structure Program example 2

--5.5 Loop structure program example 2.mp4

--【Source program】example 5. Output the following figure.

--【Source program】example6. The problem of 100 chickens and 100 coins

--【Source program】example 7. Find the approximate value of PI

--5.5 Self test questions

-Chapter 5 Self test questions

Chapter 6 Batch Data Processing with Array

-6.1 Definition, Reference and Initialization of One-Dimensional Arrays

--6.1 Definition, Reference of One-Dimensional Arrays.mp4

--Discussion unit

--6.1 Self test questions

-6.2 One-Dimensional Array Programming

--6.2 One-Dimensional Array Programming.mp4

--【Source program】example 1. Fibonacci sequence

--【Source program】example 2. Find the maximum value and the minimum value.

--【Source program】example 3 exchanging array elements in reverse order.

--【Source program】example 4. Bubble sorting.

--6.2 Self test questions

-6.3 Definition, Reference and Initialization of Two-Dimensional Arrays

--6.3 Definition, Reference of Two-Dimensional Arrays.mp4

--6.3 Self test questions

-6.4 Two-Dimensional Array Programming

--6.4 Two-Dimensional Array Programming.mp4

--【Source program】example 1. Get the average score of each subject.

--【Source program】Example 2. The elements of row and column of a 2D array are interchanged

--6.4 Self test questions

-6.5 Definition, initialization and input and output of character arrays

--6.5 Definition, initialization and input and output of character arrays .mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 6.6 Output a known string.

--【Source program】Example 6.7 Output a diamond.

--【Source program】Example 6.10 Sorting of strings.

--6.5 Self test questions

-6.6 String Processing Function

--6.6 String Processing Function.mp4

--6.6 Self test questions

-6.7 Character Array Programming

--6.7 Character Array Programming.mp4

--6.7 Self test questions

-Chapter 6 Self test questions

Chapter 7 Modular Programming with Functions

-7.1 Function Concept and How to Define and Call Functions

--7.1 Function Concept and How to Define and Call Functions.mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.1

--7.1 Self test questions

-7.2 Data Transfer in Function Call, Call Procedure and Function Return Value

--7.2 Data Transfer in Function Call, Call Procedure and Function Return Value.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 7.2

--7.2 Self test questions

-7.3 Declarations of called functions and nested calls to functions

--7.3 Declarations of called functions and nested calls to functions .mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.4 use a function to find the sum of t

--7.3 Self test questions

-7.4 Recursive call to function

--7.4 Recursive call to function.mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.6. How old is the fifth student?

--【Source program】Example 7.7 Use recursion method to find n!

--7.4 Self test questions

-7.5 Array as function parameter (1)

--7.5 Array as function parameter (1).mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 7.10

--7.5 Self test questions

-7.6 Array as function parameter (2)

--7.6 Array as function parameter (2).mp4

--【Source program】Selection sorting.

--【Source program】Example 7.13 find the maximum of a 3×4 matrix.

--7.6 Self test questions

-7.7 Local and global variables, internal and external functions

--7.7 Local and global variables, internal and external functions.mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.14

--7.7 Self test questions

-7.8 The Survival Period of Variables and the Storage Mode of Local Variables

--7.8 The Survival Period of Variables and the Storage Mode of Local Variables.mp4

--【Source program】Example 7.17

--7.8 Self test questions

-7.9 Storage Categories of Global Variables

--7.9 Storage Categories of Global Variables.mp4

--7.9 Self test questions

-Chapter 7 Self test questions

Chapter 8 Pointer

-8.1 Pointer Concept, Definition and Reference of Pointer Variables

--8.1 Pointer Concept, Definition and Reference of Pointer Variables.mp4

--【Source program】Example 8.1

--8.1 Self test questions

--Discussion unit

-8.2 Pointer variables as function parameters

--8.2 Pointer variables as function parameters.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Example 8.3. Exchange two data with function call.

--8.2 Self test questions

-8.3 Pointer of array element, operation of pointer and reference of array element by pointer

--8.3 Pointer of array element, operation of pointer and reference of array element by pointer.mp4

--【Source program】Point to array elements with pointer variables.

--8.3 Self test questions

-8.4 Using Array Name as Function Parameter

--8.4 Using Array Name as Function Parameter.mp4

--【Source program】Store array elements in reverse order.

--8.4 Self test questions

-8.5 Reference to multidimensional arrays by pointers

--8.5 Reference to multidimensional arrays by pointers.mp4

--【Source program】Pointer variable pointing to one-dimensional array.

--8.5 Self test questions

-8.6 Referencing strings through pointers

--8.6 Referencing strings through pointers.mp4

--【Source program】Reference string by pointer.

--8.6 Self test questions

-8.7 Character pointer as function parameter

--8.7 Character pointer as function parameter.mp4

--【Source program】Character pointer as function parameter.

--8.7 Self test questions

-8.8 Pointer pointing to function

--8.8 Pointer pointing to function.mp4

--【Source program】Pointer variable pointing to the function.

--8.8 Self test questions

-8.9 Functions that return pointer values

--8.9 Functions that return pointer values.mp4

--【Source program】Intercept substring.

--8.9 Self test questions

-8.10 Pointer arrays and multiple pointers

--8.10 Pointer arrays and multiple pointers.mp4

--【Source program】Sorting of strings.

--8.10 Self test questions

-8.11 Dynamic memory allocation and pointer variables pointing to it

--8.11 Dynamic memory allocation and pointer variables pointing to it.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Dynamic memory allocation.

--8.11 Self test questions

-Chapter 8 Self test questions

Chapter 9 Structure

-9.1 Define and use structural variables

--9.1 Define and use structural variables.mp4

--【Source program】Structure variable

--9.1 Self test questions

-9.2 Using structure arrays

--9.2 Using structure arrays.mp4

--Discussion unit

--【Source program】Structure array

--9.2 Self test questions

-9.3 Structure pointer

--9.3 Structure pointer.mp4

--【Source program】Structure pointer

--9.3 Self test questions

-Chapter 9 Self test questions

CodeBlocks Baidu online disk download

-CodeBlocks Baidu online disk download address

Final Exam

-Final Exam

--final exam

8.6 Referencing strings through pointers.mp4笔记与讨论

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