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1.6.1 Concepts of Elderly Healthcare, Elderly Support and Elderly Care课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好

今天我们一起学习三个概念

老年保健 养老及照顾

首先

我们来看什么是老年保健

世界卫生组织老年卫生规划项目认为

老年保健

是指在平等享用卫生资源的基础上

充分利用现有的人力 物力

以维护和促进老年人健康为目的

发展老年保健事业

使老年人得到基本的医疗 护理

康复 保健等服务

从定义我们可以看出

老年保健事业目的是

维护和促进老年人健康

促进老年保健和老年福利事业的发展

为老年人提供疾病的预防 治疗

功能锻炼等综合性服务

那什么是养老呢

养老是指老年人随着年龄的增长

躯体功能逐渐衰退

退出生产领域

日常生活自理能力减弱

需要外界提供经济

生活和心理情感等方面的支持

首先是是经济支持

它包括养老金 医疗费用

和衣食住行等物质方面的支持

给予老年人经济支持是比较重要的

在马健囡的研究中表明

老年人的主要经济来源途径包括

养老金收入和子女供给

其余很小一部分来源于劳动

房租和利息收入

且随着年龄的增加

子女供给比例也随之增高

其次

是生活支持

包括日常生活支持和社会生活支持

日常生活支持包含了三个方面

一 躯体功能方面

如吃饭 穿衣 洗澡

如厕 大小便控制等

二 日常生活方面

包括做饭 洗衣服

清洁卫生 采购物品 外出 管理财物等

三 健康维护方面

包括就诊 体检 健康教育

卫生保健等

社会生活支持则包括

文化娱乐 劳动就业

社会活动 社会交往等方面的支持

再者是心理情感支持

即精神慰藉

可通过多种方式提供支持

如倾听 诉说 交谈 陪伴

咨询 关心 宽慰 尊敬等

随着年龄增大

很多老年人受到健康等各方面因素的影响

活动范围也愈发缩小

对于子女在情感上的期盼也愈发强烈

北京市二中院曾发布调研报告

在赡养案件中

老年人除了要求子女物质赡养外

请求精神赡养的诉求占案件总量的40%以上

老年人要求的精神赡养

一是子女要经常回家看望自己

给自己作伴

二是子女不能在言行举止上

对其造成精神痛苦和精神虐待

国务院办公厅印发的

《关于制定和实施老年人照顾服务项目的意见》

也从制度上

进一步完善老年人精神赡养的配套措施

其中提到

大力扶持专业机构

并鼓励其他组织和个人

为居家老年人提供生活照顾

医疗服务 精神慰藉等服务

刚才提到的养老是

外界为老年人提供经济

生活和心理情感等方面的支持

范围较广

相对于养老

照顾的概念更为具体

照顾或称照护

它是一个综合概念

指对因高龄 患病等身心功能存在

或可能存在

障碍的老年人所提供的医疗 保健

护理 康复 心理 营养及生活服务等

全面的照护

广义的照护概念不仅指

因生理疾病所需要的照护

还包括因健康所引起的

心理和社会适应性

等方面疾患和受损所需要的照护

照顾的目的在于增进

或维持老年人身心功能

锻炼老年人自我照顾和独立的生活自理能力

保持老年人的正常生活状态

在这些需要照顾的老年人群中

有部分老年人

由于疾病和身体的自然衰老等原因

在相当长的时间内

将伴随病残和生活不能自理的状况下度过

需要提供一系列长期的服务

这在国际上称为长期照护

长期照护

long term care LTC

指的是在持续的一段时间内

给丧失活动能力

或从未有过活动能力

或从未有过某种程度活动能力的人

提供的一系列健康护理

个人照料和社会服务项目

长期照护主要有以下几个特征

正规性和专业性

长时性 持续性

保健和生活照料相结合性

首先

正规和专业是长期照护最显著的特点

如医院

护理院等

提供长期性和连续性的照护

如以家庭为场所的长期照护服务

则需要由有组织和经过培训的

居家照护服务者来提供

其次

长期照护顾名思义

就是照护一般要持续很长的时间甚至无限期

需要长期照顾的人

通常患有短期内难以治愈的各种病患

或长期处于残疾状态

再者

长期照护具有连续性

老年人因患病的程度不同而需要不同的照护

长期照护

就意味着

从医院到家庭

中间包括社区医疗站

日间照料中心

护理院服务中心

姑息治疗机构等

一系列适应各类需求的服务

此外

长期照护是保健和生活照料相结合

除了传统保健

长期照料所提供的服务范围

扩展和延伸到日常生活领域

涉及老年人的饮食起居等

曹培叶等发表在

《中华护理杂志》上的研究

也显示老年人长期照护需求涉及多维度

多指标

总之

不管是老年保健

养老还是照顾

最终目的都是满足老年人的需求

提升他们的生活质量

今天我们的课就讲到这里

谢谢

老年护理学(Gerontological Nursing)课程列表:

CHAPTER 1: General Introduction to Geronological Nursing

-1.1 Human Life Expectancy and Age Classification of the Elderly

--Human Life Expectancy and Age Classification of the Elderly

--【Vedio Recommendation】 How do we measure life expectancy ?

-1.2 Population Aging

--Population Aging

--【Literature Recommendation】World Report on Ageing and Health: 2015

-1.3 Influence and Countermeasures of Population Aging

--Influence and Countermeasures of Population Aging

--【Literature Recommendation】World Population Ageing Highlights:2019

-1.4 Goals and Principles of Elderly Care

--Goals and Principles of Elderly Care

--【Book Recommendation】Evidence-Based Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice

-1.5 Theories Related to Elderly Care

--1.5.1 Personality Development Theory and Life Review

--1.5.2 Disengagement Theory and Activity Theory

--1.5.3 Self-efficacy and Chronic Disease Management

--【Vedio Recommendation】8 Stages of Development by Erik Erikson

--【Literature Recommendation】Activity Theory, Disengagement Theory, and Successful Aging

--【Book Recommendation】Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies

--【Literature Recommendation】Obstacles and Policies of the Social Capital Participates in the Combination of Medical Care and Pension: A Literature Review

-1.6 Elderly Support and Elderly Care

--1.6.1 Concepts of Elderly Healthcare, Elderly Support and Elderly Care

--1.6.2 Home-based Elderly Care Model

--1.6.3 Institutional Elderly Care Model

--1.6.4 Integrated Medical and Nursing Care Model

--【Vedio Recommendation】Day in the Life of Home Care

--【Website Recommendation】Official Website of the National Institutes of Health

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】General Introduction to Geronological Nursing

-【Test】CHAPTER 1

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2: Elderly Health Assessment

-2.1 Aging Changes in the Elderly

--2.1.1 Aging of the Respiratory System

--2.1.2 Aging of the Cardiovascular System

--2.1.3 Aging of the Digestive System

--2.1.4 Aging of the Urinary System

--2.1.5 Aging of the Endocrine System

--2.1.6 Aging of the Motor System

--2.1.7 Aging of the Nervous System

--2.1.8 Aging of the Sensory System

--【Literature Recommendation】Exercise Attenuates the Major Hallmarks of Aging

--【Book Recommendation】Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology

-2.2 Comprehensive Health Assessment of the Elderly

--Comprehensive Health Assessment of the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】Instruments to evaluate mental well-being in old age: a systematic review

-2.3 Principles of Elderly Health Assessment

--Principles of Elderly Health Assessment

-2.4 Assessment of the Functional Status of the Elderly

--Assessment of the Functional Status of the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale

-2.5 Assessment of Cognitive Function in the Elderly

--Assessment of Cognitive Function in the Elderly

-2.6 Assessment and Adjustment of the Living Environment for the Elderly

--Assessment and Adjustment of the Living Environment for the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】Age-friendliness of living environments from the older person’s viewpoint: development of the Age-friendly Environment Assessment Tool

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Elderly Health Assessment(1)

--【Concept Map】Elderly Health Assessment(2)

-【Test】CHAPTER 2

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER3: Elderly Mental Health and Mental Health care

-3.1 Overview of the Psychological Characteristics of the Elderly

--Overview of the Psychological Characteristics of the Elderly

-3.2 Influencing Factors of Psychological Changes in the Elderly

--Influencing Factors of Psychological Changes in the Elderly

-3.3 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly

--3.3.1 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly (1)

--3.3.2 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly (2)

--【Book Recommendation】Development Through the Lifespan

-3.4 Depression in the Elderly

--3.4.1 Overview of Depression in the Elderly

--3.4.2 Clinical Symptoms of Depression in the Elderly

--3.4.3 Caring for Elderly Patients with Depression

--【Website Recommendation】

--【Documentary Recommendation】Depression:Out of the Shadows

--【Literature Recommendation】Management of depression in older adults:A review depression in older people

-3.5 Elderly Patients with Dementia

--3.5.1 Identification of Dementia Symptoms in the Elderly

--3.5.2 Intelligence Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Dementia

--3.5.3 Safety Care of Elderly Patients with Dementia

--【Website Recommendation】The Global Voice on Demaentia

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Elderly Mental Health and Mental Health Care

-【Test】CHAPTER 3

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER4: Elderly Daily Care

-4.1 Precautions for Daily Care of the Elderly

--Precautions for Daily Care of the Elderly

-4.2 General Care of Elderly Skin

--4.2.1 Characteristics and General Care of Elderly Skin

--4.2.2 Skin Itching and Its Management in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】American Academy of Dermatology

-4.3 Clothing Hygiene for the Elderly

--Clothing Hygiene for the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】The Design Methods of Functional Clothing for the Elderly

-4.4 Dietary Care for the Elderly

--4.4.1 Nutritional Needs of the Elderly and Influencing Factors of these Needs

--4.4.2 Dietary Care for the Elderly

--【Book Recommendation】Nutrition Care of the Older Adult: a Handbook for Dietetics

--【Website Recommendation】Nutrition for older persons

-4.5 Sleep Guidance for the Elderly

--4.5.1 Sleep Characteristics of the Elderly

--4.5.2 Sleep Guidance for the Elderly

--【Book Recommendation】An Occupational Therapist's Guide to Sleep and Sleep Problems

--【Website Recommendation】American Academy of Sleep Medicine

-4.6 Exercises Guidance for the Elderly

--4.6.1 Evaluation of Exercise Intensity in the Elderly

--4.6.2 Precautions Elderly Undertaking Exercises

--【Website Recommendation】American College of Sport Medicine

--【Book Recommendation】Handbook of Activities for the Elderly

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Elderly Daily Care

-【Test】CHAPTER 4

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER5:Medication Safety and Care for the Elderly

-5.1 Characteristics of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacodynamics in the Elderly

--Characteristics of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacodynamics in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】How Drugs Work In the Elderly

-5.2 Common Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Causes in the Elderly

--Common Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Causes in the Elderly

-5.3 The Principles of the Use of Medications in the Elderly

--The Principles of the Use of Medications in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】The American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults

-5.4 Prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly

--Prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】Drug-related falls in older patients: implicated drugs, consequences, and possible prevention strategies

-5.5 Medication Compliance in the Elderly

--Medication Compliance in the Elderly

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Medication Safety and Care for the Elderly

-【Test】CHAPTER 5

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER6:Nursing Care for the Elderly with Common Health Problems and Diseases

-6.1 Falls in the Elderly

--6.1.1 Epidemiological Characteristics of Elderly Falls

--6.1.2 Risk Factors for Falls in the Elderly

--6.1.3 Prevention of Falls in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】CDC STEADI(Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries Tool Kit)

-6.2 Dysphagia in the Elderly

--Dysphagia in the Elderly

-6.3 Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly

--Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly

-6.4 Constipation in the Elderly

--Constipation in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】Chronic Constipation in the Elderly Patient: Updates in Evaluation and Management

-6.5 Dry Mouth in the Elderly

--Dry Mouth in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

-6.6 Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies

--Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies - emaciation

-6.7 Visual Impairment in the Elderly

--Visual Impairment in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】Senior Eye Exams

-6.8 Senile Deafness

--Senile Deafness

-6.9 Elderly Delirium

--Elderly Delirium

-6.10 Elderly Frailty

--Elderly Frailty

--【Literature Recommendation】Frailty in elderly people/Frailty in older people

-6.11 Pneumonia in the Elderly

--Pneumonia in the Elderly

-6.12 Hypertension in the Elderly

--Hypertension in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension

-6.13 Stroke in the Elderly

--Stroke in the Elderly

-6.14 Stable Angina in the Elderly

--Stable Angina in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Nursing Care for the Elderly with Common Health Problems and Diseases

-【Test】CHAPTER 6

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER7 Hospice Care for the Elderly

-7.1 Concept of Hospice Care

--Concept of Hospice Care

--【Website Recommendation】 Definition of Palliative Care,WHO

-7.2 Death Education

--7.2.1 Death Education (1)

--7.2.2 Death Education (2)

--【Book Recommendation】The Meaning of Death by Herman Feife

-7.3 Nursing for Pain in the Dying Elderly

--Nursing for Pain in the Dying Elderly

--【Journal Recommendation】

-7.4 Nursing for Major Bleeding in the Dying Elderly

--Nursing for Major Bleeding in the Dying Elderly

-7.5 Nursing for Delirium in the Dying Elderly

--Nursing for Delirium in the Dying Elderly

-7.6 Nursing for Dyspnea in the Dying Elderly

--Nursing for Dyspnea in the Dying Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】The Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association,HPNA

-7.7 Psychological Problems and Nursing in the Dying Elderly

--Psychological Problems and Nursing in the Dying Elderly

--【Book Recommendation】On Death and Dying ,by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

-7.8 Grief Counseling for the Widowed Elderly

--Grief Counseling for the Widowed Elderly

--【Book Recommendation】I Wasn't Ready to Say Goodbye,by Noel·Brook,Blair·Pamela

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Hospice Care for the Elderly

-【Test】CHAPTER 7

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 7

1.6.1 Concepts of Elderly Healthcare, Elderly Support and Elderly Care笔记与讨论

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