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6.1.3 Prevention of Falls in the Elderly在线视频

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6.1.3 Prevention of Falls in the Elderly课程教案、知识点、字幕

通过监测 调查

或常规工作收集老年人的跌倒相关信息

分析评估并确定老年人跌倒的

内外危险因素

而后

根据评估结果

积极开展预防老人跌倒的指导干预措施

将有助于减少老人跌倒的发生

降低老年人跌倒所致伤害的严重程度

首先

增强防跌倒意识

采用图册 视频

口头宣讲等方式

告知老人及照顾者跌倒的伤害

以及发生跌倒时的紧急处置方法

提高老人预防跌倒的意识

第二

治疗原发病

如有引起跌倒危险的原发病应积极治疗

如评估及矫正视力

可以使老人更好地评估周围环境

必要的白内障手术

则被认为对降低跌倒发生率也有作用

对可能导致跌倒的疼痛

进行针对性的治疗也能减少跌倒的发生

第三

进行有效地功能锻炼

也就是合理运动

包括力量和平衡的训练

这不仅能够增加老人的肌肉强度

而且能够提高老人身体的控制能力

对预防跌倒起到较强作用

适合老人功能锻炼的项目包括

太极拳 散步 慢跑 游泳 平衡操等

国内许多老人是由家庭成员照顾

而照顾者往往缺乏

为老人延缓功能丧失的锻炼知识

所以也应加强对家庭照顾者的培训

促进居家老人预防跌倒功能锻炼的开展

从而减少跌倒发生的相关损伤

第四

合理用药

老人的用药种类多

多种药物相互作用

也可能产生跌倒的不良反应

某些药物的副作用

也会增加跌倒的风险

因此

要指导老人按医嘱正确服药

及时停服不必要的药物

更要避免自行同时服用多种的药物

并且尽可能减少用药的剂量

了解药物的副作用

注意用药后的反应

用药后动作宜缓慢

以免跌倒

第五

选择适当的辅助工具

老人使用辅助工具

能够有效预防跌倒

或减少跌倒后的损伤

在一定程度上补偿老人因

某方面功能缺失而造成的跌倒

可指导老年人使用长度合适

顶部面积较大的拐杖

并将拐杖 助行器

及经常使用的物件等

放在老年人触手可及的位置

如有视觉 听觉

及其他感知障碍的老人

应佩戴视力补偿设施

助听器及其他的补偿设施

第六

创造安全的环境

保持室内明亮

通风良好

保持地面干燥 平坦 整洁

将经常使用的东西

放在伸手容易拿到的位置

尽量不要登高取物

保持家具边缘的钝性

防止对老年人产生伤害

对道路 厕所 灯等予以明确标志

并将其具体方位告知老年人

老人衣着舒适 合身

避免过于紧或过于宽松的服饰

避免行走时绊倒

鞋子要合适

尽量不要穿拖鞋

鞋底过于柔软的鞋

过大的鞋

高跟鞋以及易滑倒的鞋

设置跌倒警示牌于病床床头

提醒患者及其照护人员

共同维护老年人的安全

第七

要调整生活方式

指导老年人及家属

在日常生活当中应注意

避免走过陡的楼梯或台阶

上下楼梯 如厕时尽可能使用扶手

走路保持步态平稳

尽量慢走

避免携带沉重的物品

不要去人多及湿滑的地方

乘坐交通工具时

应等车辆停稳后再上下车

起身 下床时宜放慢速度

避免睡前饮水过多

导致夜间多次起床如厕

晚上床旁尽量放置小便器

避免在他人看不到的地方独自活动

第八

要保证良好的睡眠质量

睡眠质量不佳会导致思维和判断力下降

易发生跌倒

尤其是冬天

老年人的御寒能力差

晚上常紧闭门窗

空气不流通

加上白天活动少或白天睡眠时间过长

就导致夜间入睡困难或容易惊醒

因此在冬季

老人跌倒发生率较高

要指导老人白天适当增加活动

晚上保持室内空气新鲜

采用放松疗法 音乐疗法

泡脚 按摩等方式帮助促进睡眠

第九是要防治骨质疏松

减轻跌倒后损伤

2017年发布的

《英国骨质疏松症预防和治疗临床指南》指出

与骨质疏松相比

跌倒导致骨折风险更高

适量补充钙剂联合维生素D

和个体化的运动锻炼方案

可改善骨质疏松状态

增强骨骼强度

降低跌倒后的损伤严重程度

最后

我们对老年人的跌倒做个总结

老年人的跌倒发生具有普遍性

伤害性和高成本的特征

其危险因素分为内在因素和外在因素

内在因素主要包括

生理 病理 药物及心理原因

外在因素包括环境 社会因素

医护工作者通过监测 评估

老人跌倒的危险因素

从增强防跌倒意识

积极治疗原发病

合理运动 合理用药

选择适当的辅助工具

创造安全生活环境

调整生活方式

保证良好睡眠

防治骨质疏松等措施

减轻和减少个体危险因素的存在

从而有效的预防老人跌倒的发生

老年护理学(Gerontological Nursing)课程列表:

CHAPTER 1: General Introduction to Geronological Nursing

-1.1 Human Life Expectancy and Age Classification of the Elderly

--Human Life Expectancy and Age Classification of the Elderly

--【Vedio Recommendation】 How do we measure life expectancy ?

-1.2 Population Aging

--Population Aging

--【Literature Recommendation】World Report on Ageing and Health: 2015

-1.3 Influence and Countermeasures of Population Aging

--Influence and Countermeasures of Population Aging

--【Literature Recommendation】World Population Ageing Highlights:2019

-1.4 Goals and Principles of Elderly Care

--Goals and Principles of Elderly Care

--【Book Recommendation】Evidence-Based Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice

-1.5 Theories Related to Elderly Care

--1.5.1 Personality Development Theory and Life Review

--1.5.2 Disengagement Theory and Activity Theory

--1.5.3 Self-efficacy and Chronic Disease Management

--【Vedio Recommendation】8 Stages of Development by Erik Erikson

--【Literature Recommendation】Activity Theory, Disengagement Theory, and Successful Aging

--【Book Recommendation】Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies

--【Literature Recommendation】Obstacles and Policies of the Social Capital Participates in the Combination of Medical Care and Pension: A Literature Review

-1.6 Elderly Support and Elderly Care

--1.6.1 Concepts of Elderly Healthcare, Elderly Support and Elderly Care

--1.6.2 Home-based Elderly Care Model

--1.6.3 Institutional Elderly Care Model

--1.6.4 Integrated Medical and Nursing Care Model

--【Vedio Recommendation】Day in the Life of Home Care

--【Website Recommendation】Official Website of the National Institutes of Health

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】General Introduction to Geronological Nursing

-【Test】CHAPTER 1

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2: Elderly Health Assessment

-2.1 Aging Changes in the Elderly

--2.1.1 Aging of the Respiratory System

--2.1.2 Aging of the Cardiovascular System

--2.1.3 Aging of the Digestive System

--2.1.4 Aging of the Urinary System

--2.1.5 Aging of the Endocrine System

--2.1.6 Aging of the Motor System

--2.1.7 Aging of the Nervous System

--2.1.8 Aging of the Sensory System

--【Literature Recommendation】Exercise Attenuates the Major Hallmarks of Aging

--【Book Recommendation】Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology

-2.2 Comprehensive Health Assessment of the Elderly

--Comprehensive Health Assessment of the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】Instruments to evaluate mental well-being in old age: a systematic review

-2.3 Principles of Elderly Health Assessment

--Principles of Elderly Health Assessment

-2.4 Assessment of the Functional Status of the Elderly

--Assessment of the Functional Status of the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale

-2.5 Assessment of Cognitive Function in the Elderly

--Assessment of Cognitive Function in the Elderly

-2.6 Assessment and Adjustment of the Living Environment for the Elderly

--Assessment and Adjustment of the Living Environment for the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】Age-friendliness of living environments from the older person’s viewpoint: development of the Age-friendly Environment Assessment Tool

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Elderly Health Assessment(1)

--【Concept Map】Elderly Health Assessment(2)

-【Test】CHAPTER 2

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER3: Elderly Mental Health and Mental Health care

-3.1 Overview of the Psychological Characteristics of the Elderly

--Overview of the Psychological Characteristics of the Elderly

-3.2 Influencing Factors of Psychological Changes in the Elderly

--Influencing Factors of Psychological Changes in the Elderly

-3.3 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly

--3.3.1 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly (1)

--3.3.2 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly (2)

--【Book Recommendation】Development Through the Lifespan

-3.4 Depression in the Elderly

--3.4.1 Overview of Depression in the Elderly

--3.4.2 Clinical Symptoms of Depression in the Elderly

--3.4.3 Caring for Elderly Patients with Depression

--【Website Recommendation】

--【Documentary Recommendation】Depression:Out of the Shadows

--【Literature Recommendation】Management of depression in older adults:A review depression in older people

-3.5 Elderly Patients with Dementia

--3.5.1 Identification of Dementia Symptoms in the Elderly

--3.5.2 Intelligence Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Dementia

--3.5.3 Safety Care of Elderly Patients with Dementia

--【Website Recommendation】The Global Voice on Demaentia

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Elderly Mental Health and Mental Health Care

-【Test】CHAPTER 3

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER4: Elderly Daily Care

-4.1 Precautions for Daily Care of the Elderly

--Precautions for Daily Care of the Elderly

-4.2 General Care of Elderly Skin

--4.2.1 Characteristics and General Care of Elderly Skin

--4.2.2 Skin Itching and Its Management in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】American Academy of Dermatology

-4.3 Clothing Hygiene for the Elderly

--Clothing Hygiene for the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】The Design Methods of Functional Clothing for the Elderly

-4.4 Dietary Care for the Elderly

--4.4.1 Nutritional Needs of the Elderly and Influencing Factors of these Needs

--4.4.2 Dietary Care for the Elderly

--【Book Recommendation】Nutrition Care of the Older Adult: a Handbook for Dietetics

--【Website Recommendation】Nutrition for older persons

-4.5 Sleep Guidance for the Elderly

--4.5.1 Sleep Characteristics of the Elderly

--4.5.2 Sleep Guidance for the Elderly

--【Book Recommendation】An Occupational Therapist's Guide to Sleep and Sleep Problems

--【Website Recommendation】American Academy of Sleep Medicine

-4.6 Exercises Guidance for the Elderly

--4.6.1 Evaluation of Exercise Intensity in the Elderly

--4.6.2 Precautions Elderly Undertaking Exercises

--【Website Recommendation】American College of Sport Medicine

--【Book Recommendation】Handbook of Activities for the Elderly

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Elderly Daily Care

-【Test】CHAPTER 4

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER5:Medication Safety and Care for the Elderly

-5.1 Characteristics of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacodynamics in the Elderly

--Characteristics of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacodynamics in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】How Drugs Work In the Elderly

-5.2 Common Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Causes in the Elderly

--Common Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Causes in the Elderly

-5.3 The Principles of the Use of Medications in the Elderly

--The Principles of the Use of Medications in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】The American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults

-5.4 Prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly

--Prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】Drug-related falls in older patients: implicated drugs, consequences, and possible prevention strategies

-5.5 Medication Compliance in the Elderly

--Medication Compliance in the Elderly

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Medication Safety and Care for the Elderly

-【Test】CHAPTER 5

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER6:Nursing Care for the Elderly with Common Health Problems and Diseases

-6.1 Falls in the Elderly

--6.1.1 Epidemiological Characteristics of Elderly Falls

--6.1.2 Risk Factors for Falls in the Elderly

--6.1.3 Prevention of Falls in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】CDC STEADI(Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries Tool Kit)

-6.2 Dysphagia in the Elderly

--Dysphagia in the Elderly

-6.3 Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly

--Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly

-6.4 Constipation in the Elderly

--Constipation in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】Chronic Constipation in the Elderly Patient: Updates in Evaluation and Management

-6.5 Dry Mouth in the Elderly

--Dry Mouth in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

-6.6 Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies

--Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies - emaciation

-6.7 Visual Impairment in the Elderly

--Visual Impairment in the Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】Senior Eye Exams

-6.8 Senile Deafness

--Senile Deafness

-6.9 Elderly Delirium

--Elderly Delirium

-6.10 Elderly Frailty

--Elderly Frailty

--【Literature Recommendation】Frailty in elderly people/Frailty in older people

-6.11 Pneumonia in the Elderly

--Pneumonia in the Elderly

-6.12 Hypertension in the Elderly

--Hypertension in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension

-6.13 Stroke in the Elderly

--Stroke in the Elderly

-6.14 Stable Angina in the Elderly

--Stable Angina in the Elderly

--【Literature Recommendation】2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Nursing Care for the Elderly with Common Health Problems and Diseases

-【Test】CHAPTER 6

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER7 Hospice Care for the Elderly

-7.1 Concept of Hospice Care

--Concept of Hospice Care

--【Website Recommendation】 Definition of Palliative Care,WHO

-7.2 Death Education

--7.2.1 Death Education (1)

--7.2.2 Death Education (2)

--【Book Recommendation】The Meaning of Death by Herman Feife

-7.3 Nursing for Pain in the Dying Elderly

--Nursing for Pain in the Dying Elderly

--【Journal Recommendation】

-7.4 Nursing for Major Bleeding in the Dying Elderly

--Nursing for Major Bleeding in the Dying Elderly

-7.5 Nursing for Delirium in the Dying Elderly

--Nursing for Delirium in the Dying Elderly

-7.6 Nursing for Dyspnea in the Dying Elderly

--Nursing for Dyspnea in the Dying Elderly

--【Website Recommendation】The Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association,HPNA

-7.7 Psychological Problems and Nursing in the Dying Elderly

--Psychological Problems and Nursing in the Dying Elderly

--【Book Recommendation】On Death and Dying ,by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

-7.8 Grief Counseling for the Widowed Elderly

--Grief Counseling for the Widowed Elderly

--【Book Recommendation】I Wasn't Ready to Say Goodbye,by Noel·Brook,Blair·Pamela

-Concept Map

--【Concept Map】Hospice Care for the Elderly

-【Test】CHAPTER 7

-【Case Discussion】CHAPTER 7

6.1.3 Prevention of Falls in the Elderly笔记与讨论

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