当前课程知识点:老年护理学(Gerontological Nursing) > CHAPTER4: Elderly Daily Care > 4.2 General Care of Elderly Skin > 4.2.1 Characteristics and General Care of Elderly Skin
返回《老年护理学(Gerontological Nursing)》慕课在线视频课程列表
返回《老年护理学(Gerontological Nursing)》慕课在线视频列表
大家好
皮肤是人体最大的器官
有着其特殊生理功能
在皮肤的基本结构中
表皮可以抗摩擦和抗损伤
真皮使皮肤既有弹性
又有韧性
皮下组织具有防止散热
储备能量和抵御外来机械性冲击的功能
然而
经过长年的外界刺激
人体的皮肤逐渐老化
生理功能和抵抗力降低
皮肤疾病也随之逐渐增多
因此保持皮肤清洁
做好皮肤护理
是老年人日常生活护理必不可少的内容
我们常常看见老年人的面部皮肤出现皱纹
松弛和变薄
下眼睑出现所谓的眼袋
由于老年人皮脂腺组织萎缩
功能减弱
导致全身皮肤变得干燥
多屑和粗糙
皮肤触觉 痛觉 温觉的浅感觉功能
也减弱
容易出现烫伤 冻伤
对不良刺激的防御能力削弱
免疫系统的损害也往往伴随老化而来
以致皮肤抵抗力全面降低
出现各种皮肤病
上述这些都是老年人常见的皮肤变化特点
因而
老年人的皮肤清洁显得尤为重要
面部清洁是皮肤清洁的第一步
因为面部皮肤暴露在空气中
空气中飘浮着污物 尘埃 细菌等
自然附着于皮肤表面
加上自身分泌的油脂 汗液等
会影响皮肤正常生理功能的发挥
若清洁不彻底
则可能引起皮肤感染
清洁皮肤离不开水
大家看到这点也许会觉得很纳闷
水还有什么好选择的呢
其实水可以分为硬水和软水
硬水包括井水 河水 泉水
其中含有较多的矿物质
会刺激皮肤和损伤毛发
且不利于去除污垢
软水则包括雨水 河水
蒸馏水 开水 自来水等
软水中含有矿物质较少
可以有效的减少对皮肤的刺激
使皮肤根据自己的需求合理的生长
所以我们清洁皮肤时应选择软水
通常为自来水
老年人的皮肤触觉 温觉等感受功能减弱
因此
水温的选择也很重要
合适的水温可以促进皮肤的血液循环
改善新陈代谢 延缓老化过程
但同时也要注意避免烫伤和着凉
洗脸时感觉
略高于手部的温度就可以
不宜过高或过低
水温过高会感觉烫手
使血管和皮肤过度扩张甚至损伤皮肤
加深皱纹
水温过低会使皮肤和血管快速收缩
不利于去除污垢
洁面产品的选择也要根据不同的皮肤类型
因人而异
例如干性皮肤的老年人
皮肤松弛 容易产生皱纹和老化现象
可以选择非泡沫型
碱性度较低的清洁产品
中性皮肤则可以根据皮肤年龄
季节选择
夏天选亲水性
冬天选滋润性产品
油性皮肤则可以温水洗面
保持毛孔的通畅和皮肤清洁
敏感性皮肤的老年人
不能用含香料过多及过酸过碱的产品
毛巾的选择也有门道
望 闻 泡 摸 滴 选
你都做到了吗
望
就是看外观
质量好的毛巾色彩柔和鲜亮
闻
就是闻气味
质量好的毛巾一般不会有异味
泡
就是泡水测色牢度
如果浅色毛巾初次洗涤掉色过多
或深色毛巾多次洗涤仍然掉色
就是染料不合格或染色工艺不准确造成的
摸
就是摸手感
好的毛巾质地蓬松
手感柔软
滴
就是滴水检测
吸水性较好的毛巾
滴水在毛巾上
水会很快渗透毛巾
选
就是选品牌
其次
老年人在沐浴时要特别注意
皱褶部位的皮肤卫生
如腋下 会阴 肛门等处要常清洗
适当沐浴可以助于清洁污垢
保持毛孔的通畅
根据自身习惯和地域的特点
选择合适的沐浴频率或酌情安排
千万不要在吃的很饱
或者是在饿肚子的情况下去沐浴
以免影响食物的消化吸收
或者是引起低血糖 低血压等不适
合适的水温可促进皮肤的血液循环
建议沐浴的室温调节在24~26℃
水温则以40℃左右为宜
沐浴时间以10~15分钟为宜
以免时间过长发生胸闷 晕厥等意外
洗浴的时候应该要注意避免碱性肥皂的刺激
用的毛巾柔软
洗时轻擦
晚间热水泡脚后用磨石板去除角化层
涂护脚霜 避免足部的皲裂
而已有手足皲裂的老年人
可以在晚间沐浴后
或热水泡手足后
涂上护手 护脚霜
再戴上棉质手套 袜子
穿戴一晚或一两个小时
需要使用药效化妆品时
要以不产生过敏反应为前提
其次再考虑治疗效果
老年人头发和头部皮肤的清洁卫生也很重要
老年人的头发多干枯 易脱落
做好头发的清洁和保养
可减少脱落 改善自我形象
应根据自身特点定期洗头
例如像干性的头发可以每周清洗1次
而油性头发则可每周清洗2次
有条件者可根据自身头皮性质
选择合适的洗护用品
如皮脂分泌较多的可以用温水或者中性肥皂
头皮或头发干燥的清洁次数不宜过多
应注意选用洗发乳或含脂皂清洗
并可适当应用护发素 发膜等护发产品
另外
如果要进行染发
就要特别的注意染发剂的选择
尽量选择正规公司的产品
特别要注意对苯二胺 醋酸铅
过氧化氢等化学成分的浓度
不宜超过国际安全标准
以及使用之前务必要进行皮肤的测试
以免出现过敏反应
皮肤是健康的镜子
但受种族 性别 年龄
精神状态 气候因素
地理因素 饮食习惯等影响
每个人的皮肤各有不同
都需要我们细心的呵护
谢谢大家
-1.1 Human Life Expectancy and Age Classification of the Elderly
--Human Life Expectancy and Age Classification of the Elderly
--【Vedio Recommendation】 How do we measure life expectancy ?
-1.2 Population Aging
--【Literature Recommendation】World Report on Ageing and Health: 2015
-1.3 Influence and Countermeasures of Population Aging
--Influence and Countermeasures of Population Aging
--【Literature Recommendation】World Population Ageing Highlights:2019
-1.4 Goals and Principles of Elderly Care
--Goals and Principles of Elderly Care
--【Book Recommendation】Evidence-Based Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice
-1.5 Theories Related to Elderly Care
--1.5.1 Personality Development Theory and Life Review
--1.5.2 Disengagement Theory and Activity Theory
--1.5.3 Self-efficacy and Chronic Disease Management
--【Vedio Recommendation】8 Stages of Development by Erik Erikson
--【Literature Recommendation】Activity Theory, Disengagement Theory, and Successful Aging
--【Book Recommendation】Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies
-1.6 Elderly Support and Elderly Care
--1.6.1 Concepts of Elderly Healthcare, Elderly Support and Elderly Care
--1.6.2 Home-based Elderly Care Model
--1.6.3 Institutional Elderly Care Model
--1.6.4 Integrated Medical and Nursing Care Model
--【Vedio Recommendation】Day in the Life of Home Care
--【Website Recommendation】Official Website of the National Institutes of Health
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】General Introduction to Geronological Nursing
-【Test】CHAPTER 1
-2.1 Aging Changes in the Elderly
--2.1.1 Aging of the Respiratory System
--2.1.2 Aging of the Cardiovascular System
--2.1.3 Aging of the Digestive System
--2.1.4 Aging of the Urinary System
--2.1.5 Aging of the Endocrine System
--2.1.6 Aging of the Motor System
--2.1.7 Aging of the Nervous System
--2.1.8 Aging of the Sensory System
--【Literature Recommendation】Exercise Attenuates the Major Hallmarks of Aging
--【Book Recommendation】Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
-2.2 Comprehensive Health Assessment of the Elderly
--Comprehensive Health Assessment of the Elderly
--【Literature Recommendation】Instruments to evaluate mental well-being in old age: a systematic review
-2.3 Principles of Elderly Health Assessment
--Principles of Elderly Health Assessment
-2.4 Assessment of the Functional Status of the Elderly
--Assessment of the Functional Status of the Elderly
--【Literature Recommendation】The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale
-2.5 Assessment of Cognitive Function in the Elderly
--Assessment of Cognitive Function in the Elderly
-2.6 Assessment and Adjustment of the Living Environment for the Elderly
--Assessment and Adjustment of the Living Environment for the Elderly
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Elderly Health Assessment(1)
--【Concept Map】Elderly Health Assessment(2)
-【Test】CHAPTER 2
-3.1 Overview of the Psychological Characteristics of the Elderly
--Overview of the Psychological Characteristics of the Elderly
-3.2 Influencing Factors of Psychological Changes in the Elderly
--Influencing Factors of Psychological Changes in the Elderly
-3.3 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly
--3.3.1 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly (1)
--3.3.2 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly (2)
--【Book Recommendation】Development Through the Lifespan
-3.4 Depression in the Elderly
--3.4.1 Overview of Depression in the Elderly
--3.4.2 Clinical Symptoms of Depression in the Elderly
--3.4.3 Caring for Elderly Patients with Depression
--【Documentary Recommendation】Depression:Out of the Shadows
-3.5 Elderly Patients with Dementia
--3.5.1 Identification of Dementia Symptoms in the Elderly
--3.5.2 Intelligence Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Dementia
--3.5.3 Safety Care of Elderly Patients with Dementia
--【Website Recommendation】The Global Voice on Demaentia
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Elderly Mental Health and Mental Health Care
-【Test】CHAPTER 3
-4.1 Precautions for Daily Care of the Elderly
--Precautions for Daily Care of the Elderly
-4.2 General Care of Elderly Skin
--4.2.1 Characteristics and General Care of Elderly Skin
--4.2.2 Skin Itching and Its Management in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】American Academy of Dermatology
-4.3 Clothing Hygiene for the Elderly
--Clothing Hygiene for the Elderly
--【Literature Recommendation】The Design Methods of Functional Clothing for the Elderly
-4.4 Dietary Care for the Elderly
--4.4.1 Nutritional Needs of the Elderly and Influencing Factors of these Needs
--4.4.2 Dietary Care for the Elderly
--【Book Recommendation】Nutrition Care of the Older Adult: a Handbook for Dietetics
--【Website Recommendation】Nutrition for older persons
-4.5 Sleep Guidance for the Elderly
--4.5.1 Sleep Characteristics of the Elderly
--4.5.2 Sleep Guidance for the Elderly
--【Book Recommendation】An Occupational Therapist's Guide to Sleep and Sleep Problems
--【Website Recommendation】American Academy of Sleep Medicine
-4.6 Exercises Guidance for the Elderly
--4.6.1 Evaluation of Exercise Intensity in the Elderly
--4.6.2 Precautions Elderly Undertaking Exercises
--【Website Recommendation】American College of Sport Medicine
--【Book Recommendation】Handbook of Activities for the Elderly
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Elderly Daily Care
-【Test】CHAPTER 4
-5.1 Characteristics of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacodynamics in the Elderly
--Characteristics of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacodynamics in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】How Drugs Work In the Elderly
-5.2 Common Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Causes in the Elderly
--Common Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Causes in the Elderly
-5.3 The Principles of the Use of Medications in the Elderly
--The Principles of the Use of Medications in the Elderly
-5.4 Prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly
--Prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly
-5.5 Medication Compliance in the Elderly
--Medication Compliance in the Elderly
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Medication Safety and Care for the Elderly
-【Test】CHAPTER 5
-6.1 Falls in the Elderly
--6.1.1 Epidemiological Characteristics of Elderly Falls
--6.1.2 Risk Factors for Falls in the Elderly
--6.1.3 Prevention of Falls in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】CDC STEADI(Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries Tool Kit)
-6.2 Dysphagia in the Elderly
-6.3 Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly
--Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly
-6.4 Constipation in the Elderly
-6.5 Dry Mouth in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
-6.6 Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies
--Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies - emaciation
-6.7 Visual Impairment in the Elderly
--Visual Impairment in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】Senior Eye Exams
-6.8 Senile Deafness
-6.9 Elderly Delirium
-6.10 Elderly Frailty
--【Literature Recommendation】Frailty in elderly people/Frailty in older people
-6.11 Pneumonia in the Elderly
-6.12 Hypertension in the Elderly
--【Literature Recommendation】2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension
-6.13 Stroke in the Elderly
-6.14 Stable Angina in the Elderly
--Stable Angina in the Elderly
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Nursing Care for the Elderly with Common Health Problems and Diseases
-【Test】CHAPTER 6
-7.1 Concept of Hospice Care
--【Website Recommendation】 Definition of Palliative Care,WHO
-7.2 Death Education
--【Book Recommendation】The Meaning of Death by Herman Feife
-7.3 Nursing for Pain in the Dying Elderly
--Nursing for Pain in the Dying Elderly
-7.4 Nursing for Major Bleeding in the Dying Elderly
--Nursing for Major Bleeding in the Dying Elderly
-7.5 Nursing for Delirium in the Dying Elderly
--Nursing for Delirium in the Dying Elderly
-7.6 Nursing for Dyspnea in the Dying Elderly
--Nursing for Dyspnea in the Dying Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】The Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association,HPNA
-7.7 Psychological Problems and Nursing in the Dying Elderly
--Psychological Problems and Nursing in the Dying Elderly
--【Book Recommendation】On Death and Dying ,by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
-7.8 Grief Counseling for the Widowed Elderly
--Grief Counseling for the Widowed Elderly
--【Book Recommendation】I Wasn't Ready to Say Goodbye,by Noel·Brook,Blair·Pamela
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Hospice Care for the Elderly
-【Test】CHAPTER 7