英美种族在线视频

Hello, everyone, today,
大家好

we are going to talk about ethnic groups.
今天我们的话题是“种族”

Ethnic means connected with different racial
种族指不同的人种

or cultural groups of people.
或文化群体

When filling in an application form in the U.S.
在美国，当填写申请表时

most of the time one would come across a section called
大多数时候，会有一个项叫做

“Ethnic Group”.
“族群”

The answer would be White,
答案是也许是白人

Asian American or even mixed.
亚裔美国人甚至混血儿

The issue of ethnics is very complicated
在这两个国家，种族是个

in these two countries.
非常复杂的问题

There are now currently about 60 million people in the U.K.
目前英国大约有6000万人

They are from various ethnic groups.
他们来自不同的民族

Historically, British people were believed
历史上，英国人被认为是

to be descendants of varied peoples
11世纪在那里定居的

who settled there before the 11th century;
各种民族的后裔，例如

the pre-Celts, Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons,
前凯尔特人，凯尔特人，罗马人，盎格鲁撒克逊人

Norse and the Normans.
挪威人和诺曼人

Some recent genetic analysis has suggested that
近日的一些遗传分析表明

the majority of the traceable ancestors
现代英国人

of the modern British population
大多数可追溯的祖先是在

arrived between 15,000 and 7,500 years ago.
15000到7500年前来到英国的

And the British broadly share a common ancestry
英国人显然和巴斯克人有着

with the Basque people
共同的祖先

The UK has a history
英国有着一段

of small-scale non-European immigration,
来自非欧洲小规模移民的历史

with Liverpool having the oldest Black British community,
利物浦拥有英国最古老的黑人社区

dating back to at least the 1730s
这至少可以追溯到18世纪30年代

during the period of the African slave trade.
即非洲奴隶贸易时期

Meanwhile,
相类似的

there is the oldest Chinese community in Europe,
那里也存有欧洲最古老的华人社区

dating to the arrival of Chinese seamen in the 19th century.
可以追溯到19世纪中国海员的到来

Since 1948 substantial immigration from Africa,
自1948年以来，大量来自非洲

the Caribbean and South Asia
加勒比和南亚的移民

has been a gift left by the British Empire.
成为英帝国遗留下来的礼物

Migration from new EU member states
2004年后来自欧洲

in Central and Eastern Europe since 2004
中部和东部的欧盟新成员国的移民

has resulted in growth in these population groups
导致了这些人口群体数量在英国

in the United Kingdom.
的增长

The 2001 UK Census classified ethnicity
英国2001年人口普查把种族

into several groups:
划分成几类

White, Black, Asian, Mixed, Chinese and Other.
白人、黑人、亚洲人、混血儿、中国人等

These categories formed the basis for all National Statistics
这些类别划分构成了英国国家统计局

ethnicity statistics
所有种族统计的基础

until the 2011 Census results were issued.
直到2011年人口普查结果公布才发生改变

According to the 2011 Census,
根据2011年人口普查结果

the ethnic composition of the United Kingdom
英国的民族构成

was as set out in the table below.
正如下表所示

Britain is still a predominantly white society,
英国仍然是一个白人占主导地位的社会

with over 87.1 percent of its population
超过87.1%的人口

from the white majority,
属于白色人种

of which the English make up 83.6% of the population,
其中英格兰人占比83.6%

followed by the Scots at 8.6 percent,
其次苏格兰人占比8.6%

the Welsh at 4.9%,
威尔士人占比4.9%

and the Northern Irish at 2.9%.
北爱尔兰人仅占2.9%

With the considerable migration
随着第二次世界大战后

after the Second World War，
大量的人口迁移

the UK becomes an increasingly ethnically
英国变成一个民族和人种越来越

and racially diverse state.
复杂多样的国家

While the UK’s white population
虽说英国的白人人口

has remained roughly the same size
在过去的10年间里仍保有

over the past 10 years,
稳定的数量

the ethnic minority population has almost doubled
但少数民族的人口却几乎翻了一番

and now is at least 8 million people,
现在至少有800万人

or 14 percent of the UK population.
或者说占据英国总人口的14%

And according to the latest report,
根据最新的报告

the proportion of UK citizens
少数民族人口在英国

from ethnic minority communities
公民总人口中的占比

is expected to double in the next decades
预计将在今后的数十年翻一番

and will be between 20 and 30 percent by 2050,
在2050年达到20%到30%之间

which will radically change the face of Britain.
这将彻底改变英国的面貌

Although there is no official national commitment
虽然没有类似于加拿大这样的

to multiculturalism like Canada,
文化多元主义国家的官方承诺

race relations policies have been developed and
英国的种族关系政策已经制定

broadly reflect the principles of multiculturalism.
并明显反映出多元文化主义原则

Part 2 The U.S: Ethnic Group
第二部分 美国：族群

Now, let’s move to the second part of today,
现在，让我们进入今天的第二部分

the ethnic groups in the US.
美国的种族

The United States is known as “a melting pot”,
美国被称为“大熔炉”，

meaning that it is composed of immigrants
这意味着它是一个

from different nations all over the world.
由来自不同国家的移民组成的国家

In the last four centuries,
在过去的四个世纪里

55 million people are immigrated to this country,
有5500万人移民到这个国家

representing the largest movement of human beings
这代表着人类历史上

to any place in the history of mankind.
规模最大的一次迁徙

As of April, 2016,
截至2016年4月

the United States has a total resident population
美国常驻人口已达到

of 323 million.
3.23亿

This makes the United States
这使得美国

the third most populous nation in the world,
成为排在中国后面的

ranking behind China.
世界第三人口大国

Although the population remains predominantly white,
虽然人口仍以白人为主

the US is a nation of over 1000 ethnic groups,
美国依然是一个有着1000多个民族的国家

and 31 of them have more than a million members.
且其中31个民族人口数量过百万

It is officially recognized six ethnic and racial categories:
这是官方认可的六个人种和民族类别

White American, Black or African American,
白人、黑人或非裔

Native American and Alaska Native,
美洲土著和阿拉斯加土著

Asian American, Native Hawaiian
夏威夷土著、亚裔

and Other Pacific Islander,
其他太平洋岛民，

and Some other race,
以及其他种族

Some other race refers to people of two or more races.
其他种族指的是那些拥有两个以上种族身份的人

The United States Census Bureau
美国人口普查局

also classifies Americans as "Hispanic or Latino"
也把美国人分为“西班牙裔或拉丁裔”

and "Not Hispanic or Latino",
和“非西班牙裔或拉丁裔”

which identifies Hispanic and Latino Americans
用以标识出西班牙裔和拉丁美洲裔美国人

as a racially diverse ethnicity
为一个人种多样化的民族

that composes the largest minority group in the nation.
这使其成为了美国人口最多的少数民族群体

White Americans are the racial majority.
美国的主要人种是白人

African Americans are the largest racial minority,
非裔美国人是数量最多的少数人种

amounting to 13.2% of the population.
占人口总数的13.2%

Hispanic and Latino Americans amount to 17%
西班牙裔和拉丁美洲裔美国人在总人口中

of the population,
占17%

making up the largest ethnic minority.
是数量最多的少数民族

The White, non-Hispanic or Latino population
白人、非西班牙裔或拉丁裔人口

make up 62.6% of the nation's total,
占全国人口总数的62.6%

with the total White population
而总白人人口

(including White Hispanics and Latinos) being 77%.
（包括上白人西班牙裔和拉丁美洲人）则占比77%

White Americans are the majority in every region.
白种人在各地都占多数

And among them, the most powerful
其中，最强大

and influential group is the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants,
最有影响力的群体是盎格鲁撒克逊新教徒白人

or in short, WASPs.
或者简称为WASPs

They are the mainstream American whites,
他们是美国主流白人

the descendents of early English
是早期英国与西欧

and Western European settlers,
殖民者的后裔

and they make up about 45% of American population
他们占美国人口的45%

and control most of the national wealth and political power.
并控制国家的大部分财富与政治权力

Other than the Anglo-Saxons,
除了盎格鲁撒克逊人之外

there are many European whites who primarily came
还有许多欧裔白人主要

from Southern and Eastern Europe.
是来自南欧和东欧

Their presence completely changed
他们的存在完全改变了

the demography of America,
美国人口学

making the once WASP-dominated nation
使得一度是WASP支配下为主体的国家

increasingly pluralistic and complex.
变得日益多元化和复杂化

African Americans were imported to America as slaves.
非裔美国人作为奴隶被输入美国

Historically speaking,
从历史上讲

African Americans,
非裔美国人

have been the victims of negative beliefs
一直是消极信念和刻板印象的

and stereotypes.
受害者

White Americans contribute the highest proportion
美国白人在美国中西部人口中

of the population in the Midwestern United States,
占比最高

while 55% of the African American population lives
而55%的非裔美国人则生活在

in the South.
南方

Starting in the 1970s,
20世纪70年代始

immigrants from the West Indies,
来自西印度群岛

with origins in Jamaica,
与牙买加

Haiti have formed a newer portion of black Americans.
海地的移民已经成为了美国黑人的新一部分

More recently, since the 1990s,
最近，自20世纪90年代以来

there has also been an influx of Sub-Saharan African
撒哈拉以南非洲地区的新移民也大量

immigrants to the United States,
涌入美国

from nations such as Ghana, Nigeria and Kenya.
他们多来自加纳、尼日利亚和肯尼亚等国家

They are already outnumbered
他们在美国出生的后代

by their U.S.-born descendants.
数量已经超过了他们本身

Together, these new African Americans comprised
同时，这些新的非裔美国人在今天的

a large proportion of African Americans today.
非裔美国人中占有很大比例

Of all the ethnic minorities in the United States,
在美国所有的少数民族中

Latinos are the fastest-growing group,
拉丁裔是增长最快的群体

representing about 15.1% of the U.S. ethnic population.
约占美国少数民族人口的15.1%

While the word Latino or Hispanic
虽然“西班牙裔或拉丁裔”一词

does not denote a unified ethnic population,
不代表统一的种族人群

Americans have been using the term
美国人却一直在使用这个词来指

to refer to American residents from Mexico,
那些来自墨西哥、波多黎各和古巴的

Puerto Rico and Cuba,
美国居民

though in reality it also includes immigrants
实际上，这一词也指那些

from Central and South America.
来自中南美洲的移民

About half of them live in California and Texas.
他们其中约一半人居住在加利福尼亚和德克萨斯

New Mexico is the state with the highest ratio of Hispanic,
新墨西哥是西班牙裔比例最高的州

where 44.7% is of Hispanic origin.
那里44.7%的人口是西班牙裔

Today, Hispanics are one of the fast-growing minorities
如今，由于移民和较高的出生率

in America due to immigration and their higher birth rates.
西班牙裔成为美国人口数量增长较快的少数民族之一

Asian Americans made their first presence in America
亚裔美国人首次在美国露面

during the “Gold Rush” period.
是在“淘金热”时期

But their population did not grow significantly
但他们的人口数量并没有显著增长

until the mid-20th century,
直到20世纪中期

when hundreds of thousands of Asians
成千上万的亚洲人移民到美国

immigrated to the United States.
这种情况才有了改变

At present, they are viewed as a “model minority”,
现在，他们被视为勤奋而智慧

industrious and intelligent,clean and hard-working.
整洁干净的“模范少数民族”

Many of them are found
他们大多生活

in the major coastal cities of the US
在美国重要的沿海城市中

such as San Francisco,Los Angeles, and the New York City.
比如旧金山、洛杉矶或纽约

The US has been called “a nation of immigrants”,
美国被称为“移民国家”

there are two reasons for this.
有两个原因

First, the country was settled,
第一，这个国家是

built, and developed by generations of immigrants
由移民者成立并建造且由他们及其后代

and their children.
不断建设的

Second, even today America keeps on taking in
第二，即便是今天，美国仍然坚持

more immigrants than any other country in the world.
接受比世界上任何其他国家都多的移民人口

Many different cultural traditions,
许许多多拥有不同文化传统

ethnic customs, national origins, racial groups,
民族风俗、民族渊源、种族群体

and religious affiliations
和宗教信仰的人

combine to make up “the new men,”
联合起来组成“新人类”

called American.
称之为美国人

Alright, that’s all about the ethnic groups today,
好了，这就是今天关于种族的所有内容

and see you next time.
下次再见