宗教在线视频

Hi, today
嗨，今天

we come to a mysterious topic,
我们将谈论一个神秘的话题

religion.
宗教

First, what is religion,
首先，什么是宗教

and how much do you know about religion?
你对宗教了解多少

You may answer,
你可能说

religion is a way
宗教是一种

of explaining the mysteries of life
解释生命奥秘的方式

how the world was created
世界是如何被创造的

and why it was created
以及为什么它会被创造

why there is life and death
为什么有生与死

what happens when people die
人死后会发生什么

why there is suffering
为什么有苦难

Followers of a religion often worship,
祭拜是宗教信徒的常态

and worship often includes
往往包括

prayers of thanks,
感谢的祷告

prayers of hopes,
希望的祷告

prayers of supplication.
恳求的祷告

People often worship a god or gods,
人们常常祭拜某个神或多个神

and worship often happens
祭拜往往在神圣的

in sacred places and spaces
地方和空间内进行

The three largest religious groups
按照世界人口数量划分

by world population are
三大宗教分别是

Christianity, Islam, Hinduism.
基督教、伊斯兰教、印度教

Christianity is an monotheistic religion,
基督教是一神论的宗教

that means it only believes in one single god.
这意味着它只信奉一个神

It is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ 
基督教以耶稣的生活和教诲为基础

as presented in the New Testament 
正如《新约》和宗教传说中

and sacred tradition.
所呈现的那样

Christianity is the world's largest religion, 
基督教是世界上最大的宗教

with over 2.4 billion adherents,
拥有超过2.4亿的信众

and they are known as Christians.
他们被称为基督徒

Christians believe that
基督徒们相信

Jesus is the Son of God 
耶稣是上帝之子

and the savior of humanity.
也是人类的救世主

And his coming as the Messiah 
他的到来正如《旧约》中

was foretold in the Old Testament.
所预言的弥赛亚（救世主）那样

Now, let's have a look at the religion in Britain.
现在，让我们来谈谈英国的宗教

Part 1 UK： Religion
第一部分 英国宗教

1.History
1、历史

Britain used to be a Roman Catholic country.
英国曾是罗马天主教国家

Catholics are a subgroup of Christianity 
天主教是基督教的一个分支

led by the pope in Rome 
接受罗马教皇领导

and following the teachings
遵循罗马天主教

of the Roman Catholic Church.
教会的教义

In 1533,
1533年

during the reign of Henry VIII,
亨利八世统治时期

he wanted a son
他想要一个儿子

and his wife only gave birth to daughters.
但他的妻子只生了女儿

He asked the Pope for permission to divorce,
他请求教皇允许他离婚

but was refused.
但遭到拒绝

Henry VIII became very angry
亨利八世生气万分

and decided to broke
决心断绝

from the Roman Catholic Church
与罗马天主教会的联系

and make his own church,
创建属于自己的教会

which is the Anglican Church now.
也就是现在的英国国教

Henry VIII became leader
亨利八世是

of the Church of England.
英国国教的领导者

He had the Bible translated to English  
他把圣经翻译成英语

and the people who believed in this new religion
信奉这一新的宗教的人

were called Protestants .
被称为新教徒

However, in 1553,
然而在1553年

Mary became Queen.
玛丽成为女王

She changed the country back to Catholicism
她让英国重新信奉天主教

and burned Protestants
焚烧迫害那些

who wouldn't change at the stake.
不愿改变信仰的新教徒

Three years later,
三年以后

Elizabeth became Queen.
伊丽莎白继任女王

She changed the church back to Anglican
她改造天主教会为英国国教

and it has been the official religion
从此以后，英国国教成为了

of England since then.
英国的官方宗教

2.Current Situation
2、现状

Nowadays,
今天

Britain has one of the most religiously diverse
英国是欧盟中人口宗教构成

populations in the European Union.
最多元的国家之一

The official religion of England is Christianity,
英格兰的官方信仰是基督

as practised by the Church of England.
由英国国教负责宣扬

The Queen is the 'Supreme Governor
女王是英国国教的

of the Church of England'.
“最高总督”

The Church in Wales is also Anglican.
威尔士的官方教会也是英国国教

In Scotland 
在苏格兰

the official Church is the Presbyterian Church
官方教会则是苏格兰基督教

of Scotland.
长老会

Other Christians in each country
各个国家的其他基督徒

also include the Roman Catholics
也包括罗马天主教徒和

and the Methodists.
卫理公会教徒

Britain is a multi-faith society
英国是一个有着多元信仰的国家

in which everyone has the right to religious freedom.
每个人都有宗教信仰自由的权利

Although Britain is historically a Christian society,
虽然英国在历史上是一个基督教国家

people are usually very tolerant
但英国人通常很尊重

towards the faiths of others
他人的信仰

and those who have no religious beliefs.
也尊重无宗教信仰者

There are Protestant Churches.
英国有新教教堂

There are also many Roman Catholics.
也有许多罗马天主教徒

There are large Hindu, 
有很大的印度教教徒

Jewish, Muslim and Sikh communities,
犹太教徒、穆斯林教徒和锡克教徒社区

and also smaller communities of Buddhists,
也有较小的佛教徒

Jains,
耆那教徒

as well as followers of new religious movements.
以及新宗教运动的追随者们的社区

Part 2 US： Religion
第2部分 美国宗教

Ok, now what is the situation like in America?
好吧，美国的宗教情况又是怎样的呢

Religion in the United States 
美国宗教

is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs
以宗教信仰和实践的多样性

and practices.
为特征

Various religious faiths
各种宗教信仰

have flourished in the United States.
在美国蓬勃发展

A majority of Americans report that
大多数美国人表示

religion plays a very important role in their lives,
宗教在他们的生活中起着非常重要的作用

a proportion unique among developed countries.
这一比例之高在发达国家中是独一无二的

Historically,
历史上

the United States has always been marked
美国一直以

by religious pluralism and diversity,
宗教多元主义和多样性为突出特征

beginning with various native beliefs
从前殖民时期的各种各样的本土信仰

of the pre-colonial time.
开始到现在都是如此

In colonial times, Anglicans, Roman Catholics
在殖民地时代，英国国教徒、罗马天主教徒

and mainline Protestants,
和主流新教徒

as well as Jews, arrived from Europe.
以及犹太教徒，从欧洲来到这里

Eastern Orthodoxy has been present
自俄国殖民阿拉斯加后

since the Russian colonization of Alaska.
美国就已经存在东正教

Various dissenting Protestants,
持有异议的新教徒

who left the Church of England,
离开了英国国教

greatly diversified the religious landscape.
极大地丰富了美国的宗教面貌

Christians was once dominant in the country.
基督教徒曾一度在这个国家占统治地位

Beginning in 1990s,
从上世纪90年代开始

the religious share of Christians is decreasing
基督教的所占宗教份额由于世俗化的原因

due to secularization,
逐渐下降

while Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism,
而伊斯兰教、印度教、佛教

and other religions are spreading.
和其他宗教却在不断传播

Protestantism, historically dominant,
历史上曾占主导地位的新教

ceased to be the religious category
在本世纪10年代早期就已经

of the majority in the early 2010s.
不属于占主导的宗教了

Nearly every known religion
几乎所有已知的宗教

is practiced in the United States,
都在美国传教

which was founded on the basis of religious freedom.
美国是建立在宗教自由的基础上的

The majority of Americans
大多数美国人

identify themselves as Christians,
认定自己为基督徒

while close to a quarter claim no religious affiliation.
而将近四分之一的人声称没有宗教信仰

According to a study in 2014
根据2014年的一项研究显示

70.6% of the American population
70.6%的美国人

identified themselves as Christians,
认为自己是基督徒

with 46.5% professing attendance
其中46.5%的人称

at a variety of churches
出席过一些教堂

that could be Protestant,
这些人有可能是新教徒

and 20.8% professing Roman Catholic beliefs.
20.8%的人宣称信奉罗马天主教

The same study says that other religions
这份研究还表明其他宗教

including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism
包括犹太教、佛教、伊斯兰教和印度教在内的

collectively make up about 6% of the population.
信众总数约占总人口的6%

According to a survey in 2012
根据2012年的一项调查

36 percent of Americans state
36%的美国人

that they attend services nearly every week or more.
几乎每周参加宗教活动一次以上

According to a poll in 2013, 
2013年的一次投票表明

Mississippi with 61% of its population
密西西比州61%的人口

described as very religious ,
属于非常虔诚的信徒

say that religion is important to them
认为宗教对他们来说很重要

and attend religious services almost every week,
并且几乎每周都参加宗教仪式

So,that makes Mississippi 
因此，这使得密西西比州

the most religious state in the country,
成为这个国家信仰最虔诚的州

while Vermont with only 22%
而佛蒙特州只有22%的人

as very religious is the least religious state.
信仰非常虔诚，因此为信仰最不虔诚的州

Anyhow, the importance of religion in American life
无论如何，宗教在美国生活中的重要性

is shifted, and the church attendance has declined.
已经改变，教堂的出席率也已下降

In 1966,
1966年

some 98 percent of Americans said that
大约98%的美国人说

they believed in God, 
他们信仰上帝

according to a survey in 2014,
根据2014年的一项调查

the number had dropped to 86 percent.
这个数字降到了86%

Some researchers argue that
一些研究者认为

the number has decreased simply because
这个数字的下降仅仅是因为

Americans are more comfortable now
现在的美国人

than they were in the 60s
比起60年代

admitting that they don't believe in God.
更愿意承认自己不相信上帝了

Nearly one in three Americans under 35 today
今天，35岁以下的美国人中，几乎每三个人中

are religiously unaffiliated,
就有一个人是无教派者

this means that
这意味着

they do not identify with any formal religious group.
他们不信奉任何正式的宗教团体

As a whole,
作为一个整体

these 'nones' comprise the second largest religious group
这些“无宗教信仰者”构成了美国第二大的

in the U.S.
宗教团体

The term 'spiritual but not religious'
近年来出现了

has emerged in recent years
“精神而非宗教”一词

to describe how more and more Americans identify.
用来描述越来越多的美国人如何自我认同

Yes,
是的

religious affiliation has declined.
宗教信仰有所减少

But feelings of spiritual peace and wellbeing?
但是心灵的平静和幸福感呢

Wonder about the universe?
对宇宙的好奇呢

Both have significantly increased 
这两者在过去的十年中均

in the last decade
显著增加

across religious and nonreligious groups.
无论是宗教还是非宗教团体

Did you know?
你知道吗

What is the major difference
天主教徒和新教徒之间

between a Catholics and Protestants?
的主要区别在哪吗

the sufficiency and authority of Scripture
《圣经》的充分性和权威性

Protestants believe
新教徒相信

that the Bible alone
只有《圣经》

is the source of God's special revelation to mankind
是上帝对人类特殊启示的源泉

and teaches us all
并且教导我们

that is necessary for our salvation from sin.
《圣经》是我们自我救赎的必要条件

Catholics do not believe
天主教徒不相信

that the Bible alone is sufficient.
仅靠《圣经》就足以救赎

They believe
他们相信

that both the Bible and sacred Roman Catholic tradition
《圣经》和神圣罗马天主教传统

are equally binding upon the Christian.
对天主教徒同样具备约束力

the office and authority of the Pope
罗马教皇的职位和权威性

According to Catholicism
根据天主教教义

the Pope is
教皇是

the “a substitute of Christ”
“耶稣基督的代言人”

and takes the place of Jesus
代替耶稣

as the visible head of the Church.
作为现实中的教会领袖

Protestants believe
新教徒们则相信

that the church's authority
教会的权威性

comes not from apostolic succession
不由罗马教皇继承

but from the Word of God.
而来自上帝之道

Catholics teach that the Christian must rely on faith
天主教徒教导基督徒必须依靠信仰

plus “meritorious works”
加上“善功”

in order to be saved.
才能得到救赎

Protestants believe that,
而新教徒认为

on the basis of faith in Christ alone,
在信仰基督的基础上

believers are justified by God.
信徒因信称义