当前课程知识点：Animal Anatomy > Chapter 6 The Urinary System > The Urinary System > The Urinary System-2-Video
羊肾和犬肾均呈豆形
羊的右肾位于最后肋骨至第2腰椎下
左肾在瘤胃背囊的后方
第4至5腰椎下
犬的右肾位置比较固定
位于前3个腰椎椎体的腹侧
有的前缘可达最后胸椎
而左肾位置变化较大
当胃接近于空虚时
肾的位置相当于2至4腰椎椎体下方
当胃内食物充满时
左肾更向后移
其前端约与右肾后端相对应
羊肾和犬肾均属于平滑单乳头肾
羊和犬的肾
除在中央纵轴
为肾总乳头突入肾盂外
在总乳头两侧尚有多个肾嵴
肾盂除有中央的腔外
并形成相对应的隐窝
马肾属平滑单乳头肾
不仅肾叶之间的皮质部完全合并
而且相邻肾叶间髓质部也完全合并
肾乳头融合成肾嵴
从切面上观察
在皮质和髓质之间
可见有血管断面
血管之间的肾组织髓质部分称之为肾锥体
皮质部肾组织伸入肾锥体之间
会形成肾柱
肾盂呈漏斗状
中部稍宽
肾盂两端接裂隙状终隐窝
肾盂延接输尿管
尿液在肾内形成
需经输尿管才能运送至膀胱而储存
输尿管左右各一条
那么对于牛的输尿管是起于集收管
那么对于马 猪 羊 犬的输尿管起始部位于肾盂
当它们出肾门后
沿腹腔顶壁向后伸延
左侧输尿管在腹主动脉的外侧
右侧输尿管在后腔静脉的外侧
横过髂内动脉的腹侧进入骨盆腔
随着贮存尿液量的不同
膀胱的大小
形状和位置会发生变化
当膀胱空虚时
膀胱呈梨状
例如像马和牛呈拳头大小
位于骨盆腔内
当膀胱充满尿液时
其顶端可达到腹腔内
公畜的膀胱
背侧与直肠
尿生殖褶
输精管末端
精囊腺及前列腺相接
母畜的膀胱背侧接子宫和阴道
膀胱可分为膀胱顶
膀胱体和膀胱颈三部分
输尿管在膀胱壁内斜向伸入一段
在靠近膀胱颈的部位
开口于膀胱壁背侧
这种结构特点可防止尿液逆流
牛的膀胱比马的长
当充满尿液时
可达腹腔底壁
猪的膀胱比较大
充满尿液时大部分可突入腹腔内
那么膀胱是如何在骨盆腔固定的呢
它包括有3条韧带
即一对膀胱侧韧带
连于膀胱两侧与骨盆腔侧壁之间
一对膀胱圆韧带
是胎儿时期脐动脉的遗迹
脐静脉的遗迹称肝圆韧带
还有一个膀胱正中韧带
是连于骨盆腔底壁
和膀胱腹侧之间的腹膜褶
膀胱颈延接尿道
也就是尿道内口起始于膀胱颈
尿道外口在公畜开口于阴茎头
而母畜则开口于阴道
与尿生殖前庭的交界处
以上内容就是我们所学习的
泌尿系统
谢谢大家
-Introduction
-Introduction-Homework
-Section 1 General Introduction to Bone
--General Introduction to Bone-1-Video
--General Introduction to Bone-2-Video
-General Introduction to Bone-Homework
-Section 2 Skull
-Skull-Homework
-Section 3 Torso Bone
-Torso Bone-Homework
-Section 4 Forelimb Bone
-Forelimb Bone-Homework
-Section 5 Hindlimb Bone
-Hindlimb Bone-Homework
-Section 6 Overview of Bone Connection
--Overview of Bone Connection-Video
-Overview of Bone Connection-Homework
-Section 7 Whole Body Bone Connection
--Whole Body Bone Connection-Video
-Whole Body Bone Connection-Homework
-Section 8 Muscle Overview
-Muscle Overview-Homework
-Section 9 Whole Body Muscles
-Whole Body Muscles-Homework
-Introduction of Viscera
--Introduction of Viscera-Video
-Introduction of Viscera-Homework
-Sction 1 Oral Cavity
-Oral Cavity-Homework
-Section 2 Salivary Glands
-Salivary Glands-Homework
-Section 3 Ruminant Stomach
-Ruminant Stomach-Homework
-Section 4 Single Chamber Stomach
--Single Chamber Stomach-Video
-Single Chamber Stomach-Homework
-Section 5 Intestine
--Intestine of Bovine and Sheep
-Intestine-Homework
-Section 6 Liver and Pancreas
-Liver and Pancreas-Homework
-Section 1 Nose, Pharynx and Larynx
--Nose, Pharynx and Larynx-Video
-Nose, Pharynx and Larynx-Homework
-Section 2 Trachea, Bronchus and Lung
--Trachea, Bronchus and Lung-Video
-Trachea, Bronchus and Lung-Homework
- The Urinary System
-The Urinary System-Homework
-Section 1 Female Reproductive System
--Female Reproductive System-Video
-The Female Reproductive System--Homework
-Section 2 Male Reproductive System
--Male Reproductive System-Video
-The Male Reproductive System-Homework
-Section 1 Introduction of the Cardiovascular System
--Introduction of the Cardiovascular System-Video
-Introduction of the Cardiovascular System--Homework
-Section 2 Heart
-The Heart--Homework
-Section 3 Arteries
-The Vessels--Homework
-Section 4 Veins
-The Veins--Homework
-The Cardiocascular System-PPT
-Section 1 Composition of Lymphatic System
--Compositiion of Lymphatic System-Video
-Composition of the Lymphatic System--Homework
-Section 2 Central Lymphoid Organs
--Central Lymphoid Organs-Video
-The Central Lymphoid Organs--Homework
-Section 3 Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
--Peripheral Lymphoid Organs-Video
-The Peripheral Lymphoid Organs--Homework
-Section 1 Overview of Nervous System
--Overview of Nervous System-Video
-Overview of Nervous System--Homework
-Section 2 Spinal Cord
-Spinal Cord--Homework
-Section 3 Brain
-The Brain--Homework
-Section 4 Spinal Nerve
-Spinal Nerve--Homework
-Section 5 Brain Nerve
-Brain Nerves--Homework
-Section 6 Vegetative Nerve
-Vegetative Nerve--Homework
-Section 1 Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System-Video
-Overview of Endocrine System--Homework
-Section 2 Endocrine Organs
-Endocrine Organs--Homework
-Section 3 Pineal Gland
-Pineal Gland--Homework
-Section 4 Thyroid Gland
-Thyroid Gland--Homework
-Section 5 Parathyroid Gland
-Parathyroid Gland--Homework
-Section 6 Adrenal Gland
-Adrenal Gland--Homework
-Section 7 Endocrine Tissues
-Endocrine Tissues--Homework
-Section 1 Visual Organs
-The Visual Organs--Homework
-Section 2 Auditory Organs
-Auditory Organs--Homework
-Section 1 Skin and Hair
-Skin and Hair--Homework
-Section 2 Hoof and Horn
-Hoof and Horn--Homework
-Section 3 Mammary Gland
-Mammary Gland--Homework
-Section 1 Locomotor System
--Locomotor System of Avian-Video
-Locomotor System--Homework
-Section 2 Digestive System
--Digestive System of Avian-Video
-Digestive System--Homework
-Section 3 Respiratory and Urinary System
--Respiratory and Urinary System of Avian-Video
-Respiratory and Urinary System--Homework
-Section 4 Reproductive System
--Reproductive System of Avian-Video
-Reproductive System--Homework
-Section 5 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System
--Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System of Avian-Video
-Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System--Homework
-Section 6 Endocrine and Nervous System
--Endocrine and Nervous Sysem of Avian-Video
-Endocrine and Nervous System--Homework
-Section 7 Sensory and Integumentary System
--Sensory and Integumentary System of Avian-Video
-The Sensory and Integumentary System--Homework
-The Anatomical Characteristics of Avian-ppt
-The Final Examination·