当前课程知识点：Animal Anatomy > Chapter 14 The Anatomical Characteristics Of Avian > Section 7 Sensory and Integumentary System > Sensory and Integumentary System of Avian-Video
各位同学 大家好
我是来自中国农业大学的曹静
今天我们来学习家禽的解剖特征
然而与哺乳动物相比
家禽的视觉功能相对较发达
不仅可以辨别五颜六色的可见光
还可以分辨紫外光
大多数哺乳动物都是色盲
像牛 羊 马 犬 猫
几乎不能分辨颜色
反映到它们的眼睛里的色彩
只是黑 白 灰三种颜色
那么像我们看到的
黑白电视机的颜色一样单调
而鸟类在空中飞行时
需要找到降落的地方
颜色会帮助它们判别距离和形状
这样 它们就能抓住在空中飞翔的虫子
在树上轻轻降落
鸟类的辨色能力
也有利于它们寻找配偶
试想 雄鸟常用艳色的羽毛吸引异性
如果它们感受不到颜色
那雄鸟还有什么魅力呢
这是因为在家禽的视网膜内
存在有红 绿 蓝三种视锥细胞
左图所显示的是胚胎时期的鸡胚
其眼球与脑的比例几乎是1:1
我们将眼球剖开
可以看到眼球内部
存在有一个像梳子样的结构
我们称之为栉膜
它是富含血管的色素膜 呈扇形
插入到玻璃体内
与视网膜的营养和代谢有关
家禽皮肤较薄
也有表皮 真皮和皮下组织三层
表皮较薄 经常脱落
真皮分为浅层和深层两层
浅层为羽毛着生的部位
深层有羽囊和羽肌
相当于哺乳动物的毛囊和竖毛肌
皮下组织疏松 含有脂肪组织
以及营养良好的家禽
脂肪组织非常发达
家禽的皮肤没有汗腺和皮脂腺
只有在尾综骨背侧有尾脂腺
尾脂腺的分泌物可使羽毛润滑
起到防水和侵湿的作用
因此 水禽的尾脂腺较发达
家禽皮肤形成一些固定的皮肤褶
像鸭蹼 有利于鸭子的划水
像有些家禽的皮肤颜色因品种而异
与皮肤细胞内
所含的黑色素颗粒和类胡萝卜素有关
像乌鸡
家禽的皮肤衍生物
包括有冠 肉髯 耳叶 鳞片
角质喙 爪 距以及羽毛
羽毛是家禽皮肤所特有的衍生物
它分为正羽 绒羽和纤羽三类
正羽又称为廓羽或者是被羽
与家禽的外形和颜色有关
它由羽轴和羽片两部分构成
正羽着生于家禽一定的部位 称为羽区
其余部分则称为裸区
以利于肢体运动和散发体温
像家禽翅部的飞羽以及尾部的尾羽
均为正羽
而绒羽羽茎相对较细 羽枝长
主要起保护作用
而纤羽细小 有毛状的羽轴
仅顶部有少量的短羽枝
那么以上就是我们讲的
家禽的解剖特征
谢谢大家
-Introduction
-Introduction-Homework
-Section 1 General Introduction to Bone
--General Introduction to Bone-1-Video
--General Introduction to Bone-2-Video
-General Introduction to Bone-Homework
-Section 2 Skull
-Skull-Homework
-Section 3 Torso Bone
-Torso Bone-Homework
-Section 4 Forelimb Bone
-Forelimb Bone-Homework
-Section 5 Hindlimb Bone
-Hindlimb Bone-Homework
-Section 6 Overview of Bone Connection
--Overview of Bone Connection-Video
-Overview of Bone Connection-Homework
-Section 7 Whole Body Bone Connection
--Whole Body Bone Connection-Video
-Whole Body Bone Connection-Homework
-Section 8 Muscle Overview
-Muscle Overview-Homework
-Section 9 Whole Body Muscles
-Whole Body Muscles-Homework
-Introduction of Viscera
--Introduction of Viscera-Video
-Introduction of Viscera-Homework
-Sction 1 Oral Cavity
-Oral Cavity-Homework
-Section 2 Salivary Glands
-Salivary Glands-Homework
-Section 3 Ruminant Stomach
-Ruminant Stomach-Homework
-Section 4 Single Chamber Stomach
--Single Chamber Stomach-Video
-Single Chamber Stomach-Homework
-Section 5 Intestine
--Intestine of Bovine and Sheep
-Intestine-Homework
-Section 6 Liver and Pancreas
-Liver and Pancreas-Homework
-Section 1 Nose, Pharynx and Larynx
--Nose, Pharynx and Larynx-Video
-Nose, Pharynx and Larynx-Homework
-Section 2 Trachea, Bronchus and Lung
--Trachea, Bronchus and Lung-Video
-Trachea, Bronchus and Lung-Homework
- The Urinary System
-The Urinary System-Homework
-Section 1 Female Reproductive System
--Female Reproductive System-Video
-The Female Reproductive System--Homework
-Section 2 Male Reproductive System
--Male Reproductive System-Video
-The Male Reproductive System-Homework
-Section 1 Introduction of the Cardiovascular System
--Introduction of the Cardiovascular System-Video
-Introduction of the Cardiovascular System--Homework
-Section 2 Heart
-The Heart--Homework
-Section 3 Arteries
-The Vessels--Homework
-Section 4 Veins
-The Veins--Homework
-The Cardiocascular System-PPT
-Section 1 Composition of Lymphatic System
--Compositiion of Lymphatic System-Video
-Composition of the Lymphatic System--Homework
-Section 2 Central Lymphoid Organs
--Central Lymphoid Organs-Video
-The Central Lymphoid Organs--Homework
-Section 3 Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
--Peripheral Lymphoid Organs-Video
-The Peripheral Lymphoid Organs--Homework
-Section 1 Overview of Nervous System
--Overview of Nervous System-Video
-Overview of Nervous System--Homework
-Section 2 Spinal Cord
-Spinal Cord--Homework
-Section 3 Brain
-The Brain--Homework
-Section 4 Spinal Nerve
-Spinal Nerve--Homework
-Section 5 Brain Nerve
-Brain Nerves--Homework
-Section 6 Vegetative Nerve
-Vegetative Nerve--Homework
-Section 1 Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System-Video
-Overview of Endocrine System--Homework
-Section 2 Endocrine Organs
-Endocrine Organs--Homework
-Section 3 Pineal Gland
-Pineal Gland--Homework
-Section 4 Thyroid Gland
-Thyroid Gland--Homework
-Section 5 Parathyroid Gland
-Parathyroid Gland--Homework
-Section 6 Adrenal Gland
-Adrenal Gland--Homework
-Section 7 Endocrine Tissues
-Endocrine Tissues--Homework
-Section 1 Visual Organs
-The Visual Organs--Homework
-Section 2 Auditory Organs
-Auditory Organs--Homework
-Section 1 Skin and Hair
-Skin and Hair--Homework
-Section 2 Hoof and Horn
-Hoof and Horn--Homework
-Section 3 Mammary Gland
-Mammary Gland--Homework
-Section 1 Locomotor System
--Locomotor System of Avian-Video
-Locomotor System--Homework
-Section 2 Digestive System
--Digestive System of Avian-Video
-Digestive System--Homework
-Section 3 Respiratory and Urinary System
--Respiratory and Urinary System of Avian-Video
-Respiratory and Urinary System--Homework
-Section 4 Reproductive System
--Reproductive System of Avian-Video
-Reproductive System--Homework
-Section 5 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System
--Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System of Avian-Video
-Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System--Homework
-Section 6 Endocrine and Nervous System
--Endocrine and Nervous Sysem of Avian-Video
-Endocrine and Nervous System--Homework
-Section 7 Sensory and Integumentary System
--Sensory and Integumentary System of Avian-Video
-The Sensory and Integumentary System--Homework
-The Anatomical Characteristics of Avian-ppt
-The Final Examination·
