当前课程知识点：学术英语写作与沟通 > 第十五章：Linguistic Features of Academic English 学术英语的语言特点 > 15.1 A General Introduction to the Linguistic Features of Academic English > Tips for Academic Writing
Tips for Academic Writing
Why do we need a formal language style?
To fulfil the expectations of academic readers.
It is important to follow the specific genre requirements in academic writing. This is a defining feature of academic writing.
Term papers and research reports are generally formal.
How to achieve formality?
Advanced and academic vocabulary
Long and complex sentences
The minimized use of 1st - and 2nd –person pronouns
The use of advanced and academic vocabulary
Avoid using simple and colloquial words
Simple words Advanced words
eat consume
try attempt/endeavor
keep remain/maintain
good (for) beneficial
bad(for) harmful/detrimental
Avoid using phrasal verbs
It would be better to use a single verb instead of a phrasal verb.
Phrasal verbs One-word verbs
look into investigate
find out discover
cut down reduce
go up increase
get rid of eliminate
Avoid using shortened forms of words/contractions
Contractions Full forms
won’t will not
didn’t did not
can’t cannot
it’s it is
you’re you are
Academic Word List (AWL)
Developed by Averil Coxhead, a scholar in New Zealand
570 word families
Formal, advanced and academic
The use of long and complex sentences
Subordinate clauses: add extra information to the main clause
Subordinate conjunctions 从属连词
Some youngsters admit getting restless if their phones is not nearby.
Relative pronouns 关系代词
It is advisable to write an outline, which will help you organize the essay in a more logical way.
Subordinate conjunctions Relative pronouns
Once after until that who whose
Provided that although when
Rather than as whenever which whoever whosever
Since because where
So that before whereas whichever whom whomever than even if wherever whether if
Though while unless why
l Do not always use too long and complex sentences in your essay, because readers will find them difficult to understand.
l The best way is to use a combination of simple and complex sentences.
The minimized use of 1st - and 2nd –person pronouns
First-person pronouns: I, we, us, my, our
second-person pronouns: you and your
E.g. Recently, we have discussed COVID-19 and China-US relations a lot.
→ Recently, COVID-19 and China-US relations have been much discussed.
Tip: Use third-person and passive voice.
-1.1 How to Write the Title of Academic Paper?
--1.1 How to Write the Title of Academic Paper?
--Exercise 1.1
--How to Write the Title of Academic Paper?
-1.2 Author +Affiliation
--Exercise 1.2
--1.2 Samples of Author and Affiliation
-Exercise 2
-Importantce of an outline in reading and writing
-3.1 How to write an abstract (1)
--3.1 How to write an abstract (1)
--Exercise 3.1
-3.2 How to write an abstract (2)
--3.2 How to write an abstract (2)
--Exercise 3.2
-4 Data Collection and Evaluation
--4 Data Collection and Evaluation
--Exercise 4
-Tips for Data Collection and Evaluation
-Data Collection and Evaluation
-Data Collection and Evaluation
-5 Summary
--Exercise 5
-6.1 How to write a literature review（1）
--6.1 How to write a literature review (1)
--Exercise 6.1
-6.2 How to write a literature review（2）
--6.2 How to write a literature review (2)
--Exercise 6.2
-7.1 How to Write a Research Proposal (1)
--7.1 How to Write a Research Proposal (1)
--Exercise 7.1
-7.2 How to Write a Research Proposal (2)
--7.2 How to Write a Research Proposal (2)
--Exercise 7.2
-7.3 How to Write a Research Proposal (3)
--7.3 How to Write a Research Proposal (3)
--Exercise 7.3
-8 How to Write a Research Paper Introduction?
-Exercise 8
-Exercise 9
-10.1 Results/Findings+Figures & Tables (1)
--10.1 Results/Findings + Figures & Tables (1)
--Exercise 10.1
--10.1 Tips for Writing the Results/ Findings
-10.2 Results/Findings + Figures & Tables (2)
--10.2 Results/Findings + Figures & Tables (2)
--Exercise 10.2
--10.2 Tips for Various Tables and Figures
-11.1 Discussion
--Exercise 11.1
-11.2 Conclusion
--Exercise 11.2
-12 How to Write Acknowledgements
-Exercise 12
-Exercise 13
-14.1 How to Write An Academic Poster 1
--14.1 How to Write An Academic Poster 1
--Exercise 14.1
-14.2 How to Write An Academic Poster 2
--14.2 How to Write An Academic Poster 2
--Exercise 14.2
--poster
-15.1 A General Introduction to the Linguistic Features of Academic English
--15.1 A General Introduction to the Linguistic Features of Academic English
--Exercise 15.1
-15.2 Linguistic Features in Results and Tables & Figures
--15.2 Linguistic Features in Results and Tables & Figures
--Exercise 15.2
--Additional material for describing tables and figures in academic language
-15.3 Articles in Academic Writing
--15.3 Articles in Academic Writing
--Exercise 15.3
-15.4 Cultural Factors and Ethics in Academic Writing
--cultural factors in the academic world
--Name of a mountain: beyond language
-15.4 Cultural Factors and Ethics in Academic Writing
-Exercise 15.4
-A General Introduction to the Linguistic Features of Academic English
-Linguistic Features in Results and Tables & Figures
-16.1 Academic Correspondence（1）: Paper Submission and Cover Letter
--16.1 Academic Correspondence 1
--Exercise 16.1
-16.2 Academic Correspondence（2）: Manuscript Review and Rebuttal Letter
--16.2 Academic Correspondence 2
--Exercise 16.2
-17 International Academic Conference Presentation Skills
-Exercise 17
