第三章第五节在线视频

同学们好
hello everyone

我们今天开始学习反不正当竞争法
today we begin to learn the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

第五节规制诋毁商誉行为
section five regulation and defamation of goodwill

第五节规制诋毁商誉行为
section five regulation and defamation of goodwill

第一个大问题
the first big question

诋毁商誉行为的含义与法律界定
the meaning and legal definition of defamation of goodwill

那么诋毁商誉行为
then the act of defaming goodwill

又称为商业诽谤
also known as commercial defamation

它是指经营者通过捏造
it is referring to the act of operator by fabricating

散布虚伪事实等不正当手段
spreading false facts and other improper means

诋毁竞争对手的商誉
defame a competitor's goodwill

以此来削弱其竞争力
to weaken their competitiveness

并由此获取不正当利益的行为
and to obtain illegitimate benefits from it

在生产经营的活动当中
in production and operation activities

经营者应当通过自己的努力
operators should work through their own efforts

建立维护自己的商业信誉
establish and maintain own business reputation

和商品声誉
and commodity reputation

以取得交易伙伴和消费者的信任
to gain the trust of trading partners and consumers

赢得更多的交易机会
win more trading opportunities

和竞争优势
and competitive advantages

但是有的经营者却通过编造
but some operators make up

传播虚假信息或误导性信息
disseminate false or misleading information

损害竞争对手的商业信誉
to damage a competitor's business reputation

商品声誉
commodity reputation

以破坏竞争对手的交易机会
to destroy a competitor's trading opportunities

和竞争优势
and competitive advantages

那么这种行为不但损害了
so this kind of behavior is not only damaging

其他经营者的合法权益
legal rights and interests of other operators

而且向消费者提供了错误的信息
and it gives consumers the wrong information

干扰了消费者的
it interferes with the consumer's

正常交易选择
normal transaction choices

扰乱了市场竞争秩序
disturb the order of market competition

属于典型的不正当竞争行为
a typical behavior of unfair competition

我国反不正当竞争法
China's Anti-Unfair Competition Law

将该种不正当竞争行为
define this kind of unfair competition behavior

界定为经营者
as the false information that operators

不得编造传播的虚假信息或者
cannot fabricate and spread or

误导性信息
misleading information

损害竞争对手的商业信誉
damaging competitor's business reputation

商品声誉
commodity reputation

我们由此也可以得出
we can also conclude from this

诋毁商誉行为的构成要件
the constitutive elements of defamation of goodwill

那么下面就是第二大问题
so here's the second big question

诋毁商誉行为的构成要件
the constitutive elements of defamation of goodwill

首先是
first of all

主体要件
the subjective element

商业诋毁的行为主体
the behavior subject of commercial defamation

是经营者
is the operator

这里的经营者
the operators here

包括从事
include natural persons engaged in

商品生产经营
commodity production and operation

或者提高服务的自然人
or improving their services

法人和非法人组织
as well as legal person and unincorporated organization

但是在司法实践当中
but in judicial practice

消费者对经营者的产品质量
consumer is aimed at operator’s product quality

或服务质量
or service quality

进行批评
to criticize

评论
comment

借机诽谤诋毁
those who take the opportunity to slander and denigrate

损害其名誉的
and damage one's reputation

应当认定为侵犯名誉权
shall be deemed as infringing the right of reputation

新闻单位对经营者的产品质量
news unit is aimed at operator’s product quality

或服务质量
or service quality

进行批评评论
to criticize and comment

那么主要内容如果是不真实的话
then if the main content is not true

损害其名誉的
those who damage one's reputation

应当认定为侵害名誉权
shall be deemed as infringing the right of reputation

所以在这里
so here

同学们要特别注意的是
students should pay special attention to

主体要件当中
in the subjective element

如果出现消费者
when it occurs that consumers

或者新闻媒体的侵权情形时
or news unit infringe

一定要注意
must pay attention

这里应当是以侵害名义权来认定
it should be determined in the name of infringement

接下来是
next is

对象要件
object element

商业诋毁的对象是竞争对手
the target of business defamation is competitors

在传统上
traditionally

一般仅将生产销售
general, only operators who produce and sell

相同或相似商品或服务的经营者
the same or similar goods or services

认定为竞争对手
Are identified as competitors

因此呢
therefore

随着实践的发展
with the development of practice

有必要根据个案情况
it is necessary based on individual case circumstances

对竞争对手做更加广义的理解
to make a broader understanding of competitors

其一
one

虽然经营者生产销售的
although the goods or services

商品或者服务
produced and sold by business operators

不相同不相似
Are different and dissimilar

但具备相似功能
but with similar functions

可以相互替代的
they can replace each other

也可能构成竞争对手
may also be competitors

你比如说录音机
like a tape recorder

录音机和cd机
like a tape recorder and cd player

mp3播放器的生产者
producer of mp3 player

和音乐手机生产者就可能成为
and producer of music phone could become

音乐播放工具方面的竞争对手
competitors in music playing tools

其二
second

经营者之间存在
there is conflict of commercial interests among operators

争夺消费者注意力
such as competing for consumers' attention

购买力等商业利益冲突的
and purchasing power

也可能构成竞争对手
it may also constitute competitors

例如网络游戏提供者
for example, online game providers

社交软件的提供者
social software providers

视频网站等
video websites and so on

可能因争夺消费者的
may be competitors due to competing for consumers’

上网流量广告机会而成为竞争对手
online traffic advertising opportunities

所以说
therefore

在当今社会发展的情况之下
in today's social development

那么同学们要注意识别
then students should pay attention to identify

对竞争对手的广义理解扩大
Extend the broad understanding of competitors

接下来是
next is

行为要件
behavior element

商业诋毁的行为表现是
the behavior of commercial defamation is

编造传播虚假信息或者
to fabricate and disseminate false information or

误导性信息
misleading information

其中虚假信息是指
among them, false information refers to

内容不真实
information whose content is untrue

与实际情况不符合的信息
and does not correspond to the actual situation

编造虚假信息
fabricate false information

比如无中生有地宣称
for example, to claim out of thin air that

竞争对手遭受了经营困境
competitors have suffered from business difficulties

面临着破产或者是
facing bankruptcy or

被有关主管部门查处了
have been investigated by relevant competent department

再如毫无根据地宣称竞争对手的产品
and to claim that competitors' products

存在质量问题
have quality problems

服务人员不具备
service personnel do not have

相应资质或者是资源
the corresponding qualifications or resources

那么误导性信息
so misleading information

一般是指信息虽然真实
generally refers to information, although it is true

但是仅陈述了部分事实
but only part of the facts are stated

容易引发错误联想的信息
information that easily provokes false associations

编造误导性信息
fabricate misleading information

比如说是
for example

宣称竞争对手提供的产品
claim that products supplied by competitors

含有有毒有害物质
contain toxic and harmful substances

呼吁消费者不要购买
appeal to consumers not to buy

但是实际上
but in fact

该产品中有毒有害物质
the content of toxic and harmful substances

含量是极少的
in the product is very small

对人体没有危害
there is no harm to human body

同时呢
at the same time

也是符合国家安全标准的
it is also in line with the national safety standards

那么这种情况下
in this case

尽管该商品当中
though in the product

确实含有有毒有害物质
it does contain toxic and harmful substances

但是这些有毒有害物质
these toxic and harmful substances

却是符合国家标准的
are in line with the national standards

那么相应的
then correspondingly

就不应当被认为是违法的
should not be considered illegal

那么其他经营者借此题来发挥
then other operators use the question to play

进而呢想贬低他人的竞争地位
to degrade the competitive position of others

来提高自己的竞争地位和能力
to improve their competitive position and ability

那么这种做法
so such a practice

就属于商业诋毁的表现之一
is one of the manifestations of commercial defamation

接下来是
next is

效果要件
effect element

商业诋毁的后果是
the consequence of commercial defamation

损害竞争对手的商业信誉
is to damage the commercial reputation of competitors

商品声誉
commodity reputation

商业信誉和商品声誉
commercial reputation and commodity reputation

反映的是人们
reflect people's

对经营者本身
social evaluation of operators themselves

以及其提供的商品或服务的社会评价
and the goods or services they provide

其中
among them

商品声誉
commodity's reputation

主要是建立在
is mainly the reputation based on

某种商品或服务质量基础上的信誉
the quality of a good or service

而商业信誉的含义
as for the meaning of commercial reputation

则更为广泛
it is more extensive

它不但包含商品声誉
it includes not only the commodity reputation

而且还包含与商业活动有关的其他因素
but also other factors related to business activities

你比如说社会关系
you say social relations

公益形象
public welfare image

企业文化等等
corporate culture and so on

在效果产生的要求上
on the requirements of the effect

虚假信息或误导性信息
false or misleading information

要对竞争产生影响
make an impact on competition

还必须经过宣传或者说是叫传播
must be through publicity or dissemination

那么经营者
then the operators who

既编造又传播虚假信息
fabricate and disseminate false information

或误导性信息的
or misleading information

可能构成诋毁商誉
may constitute a defamation of goodwill

经营者传播
operators who disseminate

别人编造的虚假信息的
false information fabricated by others

也可能构成诋毁商誉
may also constitute a defamation of goodwill

但是经营者仅编造
but operators who only fabricate

虚假信息而为了宣传的
false information for propaganda

但是他没有宣传
but he didn't advertise

一般情况下
under the ordinary circumstance

是不会对市场竞争造成影响
it will not affect the market competition

就不构成诋毁商誉
it does not constitute a defamation of goodwill

也就是说在此要求
that is to say, request here

也就是说
that is to say

在违法行为上和认定上
on illegal acts and identification

不仅仅是说你制造出了这种虚假信息
it's not just that you've created the false information

同时还要求你对它进行传播
it also requires you to spread it

那么只有传播之后
only after the spread

才能后对市场竞争造成影响
can it affect on the market competition

也就是说
that is to say

才可能会构成诋毁商誉
can it constitute a defamation of goodwill

那么诋毁商誉行为的第三个大问题是
so the third problem of defamation of goodwill is

法律责任
legal liability

法律责任首先是
the first of legal liability is

民事责任
civil liability

那么经营者违反
the operator who violates

反不正当竞争法的规定
the regulations of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

那么给他人造成损害的
so as to cause harm to others

应当依法承担民事责任
should bear civil liability according to law

接下来是
next is

行政责任
administrative responsibility

经营者违反
operator who violates

反不正当竞争法的规定
the regulations of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

妨碍破坏
obstruct and destroy

其他经营者合法提供的网络产品
network products legally provided by other operators

或者服务正常运行的
or the service in normal operation

由监督检查部门
the supervision and inspection department

责令停止违法行为
shall order to stop the illegal act

处十万元以上
impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan

五十万元以下的罚款
but not more than 500,000 yuan

那么情节严重的
if the circumstance is serious

处五十万元以上
impose a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan

三百万元以下的罚款
but not more than 3 million yuan

好同学们
well classmates

今天的课就到这里
today's class is here

再见
goodbye