第二章第四节在线视频

同学们好
hello class

今天我们来学习
today we come to study

反垄断法的第四节
section four of the Anti-monopoly Law

滥用市场支配地位的法律规制
legal regulation on abuse of market dominance

滥用市场支配地位行为
abuse of market dominance

阻碍和限制了市场竞争
hinders and restricts the market competition

应当受到法律的规制
it should be regulated by law

在反垄断执法过程当中
in the process of anti-monopoly law enforcement

我们要想认定
if we want to determine

某一个经营者滥用了
whether an operator abused

市场支配地位
its dominant position in the market

首先
first of all

必须界定该经营者
it must be determined whether the operator

有市场支配地位
has a dominant position in the market

没有支配地位
no dominant position

何谈滥用呢
there is no abuse

我们首先来看一下
let's take a look at it first

市场支配地位及其认定
market dominant position and its determination

一
first

市场支配地位的含义
meaning of market dominance

市场支配地位是指
market dominance refers to that

经营者在相关市场内
operators in the relevant market

具有能够控制商品价格
have the ability to control goods prices

数量或者其他交易条件
quantity or other terms of trade

或者能够阻碍
or be able to hinder market position

影响其他经营者进入相关市场能力的市场地位
of other operators to enter the relevant market

第二个问题是
the second problem is

市场支配地位的认定标准
the criteria for determining market dominance

我们首先来看一下
let's first look at the

市场支配地位认定的一般标准
general criteria for determining market dominance

一是
first of all

该经营者
the operator's

在相关市场的市场份额
market share in the relevant market

以及相关市场的竞争状况
and the competition in relevant markets

二是
second

该经营者
the operator’s

控制销售市场
ability to control the sales market or

或者原材料采购市场的能力
the raw material purchasing market

三是
third

该经营者的
this operator’s

财力和技术条件
financial and technical conditions

四是
fourth

其他经营者对该经营者
the degree of dependence of other operators

在交易上的依赖程度
on transactions

五是
fifth

其他经营者进入
degree of difficulty for other operators

相关市场的难易程度
to enter the relevant market

六是
sixth

与认定经营者市场支配地位
other factors relating to the determination

有关的其他因素
of the market dominance of the operator

以上是
the above is

一般认定标准
the general standard of recognition

那么一般认定标准
then the general standard of recognition

一共几项因素当中分为两大类
there are two broad categories of factors

一类是市场份额因素
one is the market share factor

那么其他的包括
then the others include

经营者的财力
operator's financial resources

技术
technique

包括相互之间的依赖程度
including the degree of interdependence

等等
and so on

都可以统称为
all can be collectively referred to

其他考虑因素
as other considerations

下面是推定认定标准
the following is the standard of determination

也就是说
that is

推定经营者
determining whether an operator

具有市场支配地位的情形
has market dominance

第一种情形
the first case

一个经营者
an operator’s

在相关市场的市场份额
market share in the relevant market

达到二分之一的
reaches to half

直接推定其有市场支配地位
directly determining his market dominance

第二
second

两个经营者
two operators’

在相关市场的市场份额
market share in the relevant market

合计达到三分之二的
reaches up to two thirds of the total

推定这两个
determining that the two

经营者有支配地位
operators have dominance

第三
third

三个经营者
three operators’

在相关市场的市场份额
market share in the relevant market

合计达到四分之三的
reaches up to three-fourths of the total

推定这三个经营者
determining that the three operators

在相关市场上有支配地位
have dominance in the relevant market

在推定认定的情形之下
in the case of presumption

如果发生在对两个或三个经营者认定的时候
when two or three operators need to be determined

其中有的经营者
some of the operators

市场份额不足十分之一的
have less than one tenth of the market share

不应当推定
then should not presume

该经营者具有市场支配地位
that the operator has a dominance in the market

那么被推定具有市场支配地位的
then the operator who is presumed to have

经营者
dominance in the market

如果有证据证明
if there is evidence that

不具有市场支配地位
there is no market dominance

那么
then

也不应当认定
nor should it be presumed

其具有市场支配地位
as having a dominance in the market

第二个问题是
the next question is main

滥用市场支配地位行为的主要表现
performances of abuse of market dominance

第一种表现是
the first performance is

垄断高价
monopoly high price

和垄断低价
and monopoly low price

垄断高价是指
monopoly high prices means that

具有市场支配地位的经营者
an operator with a dominant position in the market

没有正当理由
has no justification

利用其优势地位
and take advantage of his position

使其所销售商品的价格
to make his sold-goods’ price

长期
long-term

稳定
steady

大幅度地
substantially

超过平均利润水平的行为
exceed the average profit level

垄断低价是指
monopoly low price means that

具有支配地位的经营者
a dominant operator

没有正当理由
has no justification

利用支配地位
and use his dominant position

使其购买商品价格
to make his purchased goods’ prices

长期大幅度地
in the long run

低于平均利润水平的行为
below the average profit level

比如说
for example

如大型零售连锁超市
for a large retail chain supermarket

在采购商品的过程当中
in the goods purchase process

就存在这种垄断低价的行为
there is such a monopoly low price

认定垄断高价
to identify monopoly high price

和垄断低价
and monopoly low price

通常
usually

需要考虑以下因素
the following factors need to be considered

销售价格或购买价格
is the sale price or purchase price

是否明显高于
significantly higher than

或低于其他经营者
or below the price at which other

销售或购买同种商品的价格
operators sell or buy the same goods

然后是
and then

在成本基本稳定的情况下
if the cost is basically stable

是否超过正常幅度
whether to exceed the normal range

提高销售价格或
raise the selling price or

降低购买价格
lower the buying price

再者
in addition

销售商品的提价幅度
increase in price of goods sold

购买商品的降价幅度
price reduction of goods purchased

是否明显高于
is it significantly higher than

交易相对人成本的
the reduction of transaction

降低幅度等等
counterpart cost and so on

第二种表现是
the second performance is

掠夺性定价
predatory pricing

经营者在依法
in addition to dealing with goods

降价处理商品之外
at a price cut in accordance with the law

为了排挤竞争对手
in order to crowd out competitors

或者是独占市场
or monopolize the market

以低于成本的价格销售商品
sell goods at a price below cost

扰乱正常生产经营秩序
disrupt normal production and operation order

损害国家利益或其他经营者
harm national interests or other operators’

合法权益的行为
legitimate rights and interests

那么这里边提到了正当理由
here's justification mentioned

一般来讲
generally speaking

正当理由包括以下几种情形
justification include the following situations

第一是
the first is

降价处理鲜活商品
reduce prices to deal with fresh goods

季节性商品
seasonal goods

有效期限即将到期的商品
goods whose expiry date is due

或者是积压商品
or a backlog of goods

第二是
the second is

因清偿债务
due to liquidating one's debts

转产
transfer production

歇业降价销售商品
sell goods at a reduced price

第三种是为推广新产品而进行的促销行为
the third is the promotion of new products

那么上面这三个就是合理的理由
so the above three are justification

第三种表现是拒绝交易
the third performance is refusing to trade

拒绝交易是指
refusing to trade means that

具有支配地位的经营者
the operator with dominance

没有正当理由
has no justification

拒绝与交易相对人进行交易
to refuse to trade with the counterpart

拒绝交易
refusal to trade

在知识产权领域
in the field of intellectual property

通常表现为拒绝许可
usually appears as a refusal of permission

那么
then

拒绝交易的行为方式
the behavior of refusing to trade

主要有以下几种情形
mainly has the following several cases

那么第一种情形是
so the first case is

削减
Reduce the number

与交易相对人的现有交易数量
of existing transactions with trading parties

那么第二种是
so the second is

拖延
delay

中断与交易相对人的现有交易
interrupt existing transactions with trading parties

第三是
the third is to refuse to

拒绝与交易相对人进行新的交易
make new transactions with trading parties

第四是设置限制性条件
the fourth is to set restrictive conditions

使交易相对人难以
making it difficult for trading parties

继续与其进行交易
to continue the trade

那么在拒绝交易当中
for refusal to trade

也会存在着正当理由的情形
there are also cases of justification

那么主要包括以下几种
which mainly includes the following

第一是
the first is

交易相对人有
the trading party has

严重的不良信用记录
a serious bad credit record

或者出现经营状况持续恶化等情形
or business conditions continue to deteriorate

可能会给交易的安全造成
which may pose a greater risk to

较大的风险
the security of the transaction

那么第二种是
so the second is

交易相对人
the trade counterpart can buy substitutes

能够以合理的价格向其他经营者
of same goods at reasonable prices

购买同种商品替代商品
from other operators

或者能够以合理的价格
or sell goods to other operators

向其他经营者出售商品
at reasonable prices

那么滥用市场支配地位的第四种
then the fourth performance of the abuse

表现叫
of market dominance is called

独家交易
exclusive trading

独家交易是指
exclusive trading means

具有市场支配地位的经营者
an operator with a dominant position in the market

没有正当理由
without justification

限定交易相对人
restricted that the trading party

只能与其进行交易
can only made trading with the operator

或者只能与其指定的经营者
or only made trading

进行交易的行为
with its designated operator

在独家交易当中
in the middle of an exclusive trading

也有正当理由
there are also legitimate reasons

那么正当理由
legitimate reasons

主要表现为以下几个方面
mainly manifest the following aspects

第一是
the first is

为了保证产品质量和安全的
in order to ensure product quality and safety

可以拒绝交易
you can refuse a deal

第二是
the second is

为了维护品牌形象
in order to maintain the brand image

或者提高服务水平的
or improve the service level

可以拒绝交易
you can refuse a deal

第三是
the third is

能够显著降低成本
be able to significantly reduce costs

提高效率
improve efficiency

并且能够使消费者分享
and enable consumers to share

由此产生的利益的
resulting benefits

可以拒绝交易
then you can refuse a deal

滥用市场
the fifth manifestation of abuse

支配地位的第五种表现叫
of market dominance is called

搭售及附加
the act of tying up and attaching

不合理交易条件的行为
unreasonable trading terms.

它主要是指
it mainly refers to

具有支配地位的经营者
a dominant operator

没有正当理由
without justification

将两种或两种以上的产品
bind be two or more products together

捆绑成一种产品进行销售
into one kind of product for sale

以致于购买者为得到其所想要的产品
so that the buyer must buy the other products

就必须购买其他产品的商业行为
if he wants to get his required goods

搭售或附加不合理条件的表现
the performance of tie-in or additional

主要有
unreasonable conditions mainly

以下几个方面
includes the following aspects

第一是
the first is

违背交易惯例
breach of trading practice

消费习惯等
consumption habits and so on

或者无视商品的功能
or ignore the function of a commodity for

将不同商品强制捆绑
compulsory bundling or

销售或者组合销售
combination sale of different goods

第二是
the second is

对合同期限
term of contract

支付方式
mode of payment

商品的运输及交付方式
mode of transport and delivery of goods

或者服务的提供方式
or the provision of services and other

等附加不合理的限制
additional unreasonable restrictions

第三为
the third is

对商品的销售地域
area of sale of goods

销售对象
object of sale

售后服务等
after-sales service and other

附加不合理的限制
additional unreasonable restrictions

滥用市场支配地位的第六种
the sixth form of abuse of market

表现叫差别待遇
dominance is called differential treatment

那么差别待遇
the differential treatment also becomes

也称歧视待遇
known as the discrimination treatment

它是指
it refers to the

具有市场支配地位的经营者
operator who has dominance in the market

没有正当理由
without justification

而对条件相同的交易相对人
towards a trading party with the same terms.

提供不同的价格或者其他交易条件
offer different prices or other terms of trade

致使有的交易相对人
thus placing the trading party

处于不利的竞争地位的行为
a competitive disadvantage

滥用市场支配地位的
the third aspect of abusing the dominant

第三个方面大的内容叫
position of the market is called

滥用市场支配地位行为的法律责任
legal liability for abuse of market dominance

经营者实施了
the operator carrying out the act of

滥用市场支配地位行为
abusing dominance of the market

要承担相应的民事责任和
shall bear corresponding civil and

行政责任
administrative responsibilities

其中
here

行政责任是指
administrative responsibility refers to

经营者违反反垄断法的规定
operator's violation of anti-monopoly law

滥用市场支配地位的
and abusing the dominance of the market

由反垄断执法机构
the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies

责令停止违法行为
order the cessation of illegal acts

没收违法所得
confiscate illegal income more than

并处以上一年度销售额1%以上
1% of the above-mentioned annual sales

10%以下的罚款
with a fine of less than 10%

其二
second

民事责任
civil liability

那么经营者实施
the operators carrying out

垄断行为
the monopolistic behavior

给他人造成损失的
and causing loss to others

依法应当承担民事责任
shall bear civil liability according to law

好
ok

同学们
everyone

今天的课就到这里
that’s all for today's lesson

再见
goodbye