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Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好

我是张老师

这节课 我们接着学习急性白血病

上节课我们和大家一起学习了白血病的定义 临床表现

接下来我们就看看它的实验室检查 治疗两方面

对于诊断急性白血病 有哪些实验室检查要做呢

急性白血病常有的实验室检查有

外周血象 骨髓象 细胞化学检查 免疫学检查等

血象检查 通常会出现WBC增高

多半在10-50×10^9/L

少数情况会低于4×10^9/L或高于100×10^9/L

血涂片可以见幼稚细胞和原始细胞

红细胞和血红蛋白下降 呈正常细胞性贫血

Plt明显降低

半数病人Plt低于60x10^9/L

疾病晚期血小板常极度低下

骨髓象是诊断急性白血病的

主要依据和必做的检查

多数病人骨髓增生明显或极度活跃

FBA分型将

原始细胞占全部骨髓有核细胞的百分之三十以上

作为急性白血病的诊断标准

此外 正常的巨核细胞和幼红细胞减少

少数病人的骨髓呈增生低下

奥尔小体仅见于急非淋

有独立诊断意义

我们可以从这两张图中看出

M3胞质中有大量颗粒和奥尔小体

另外 还要做细胞化学检查

主要用于

急性白血病的分型诊断与鉴别诊断

常用方法有过氧化物酶染色 糖原染色等

大家看一下这是不同分型的

白血病细胞化学检查的形态及颜色

好 我们来看一下免疫学检查

这是通过针对白血病细胞表达的

特异性抗原的检测

分析细胞所属系列

分化程度和功能状态

以区分急淋与急非淋

以及其各自的亚型

接下来我们再来看一下染色体和基因检查

急性白血病常伴有特异性的染色体和基因的异常改变

并与疾病的发生

发展 诊断 治疗及预后密切相关

另外最后还有做血液生化检查

血尿酸浓度增高 尤其在化疗期间

甚至可形成结晶影响肾功能

还可能出现凝血异常

M4和M5的特殊表现之一就是

血尿溶菌酶活性增高

CNSL病人脑脊液压力增高

可见细胞数增多 大于0.01×10^9 /L

那么如何诊断急性白血病呢

经过各种检查 结合病史

临床表现 血液涂片分类 骨髓检查 形态学

细胞化学 免疫学 染色体及基因检查等便可做出诊断

而中枢神经系统白血病的诊断主要根据以下来进行

有白血病细胞浸润和颅内压升高之症状和体征者

有脑脊液改变

压力大于0.02Kpa(200mm水柱)

或大于60滴/分

白细胞数大于0.01×10^9/L

涂片可见到白血病细胞 蛋白大于450mg/L

并排除其他原因造成中枢神经系统

或脑脊液的类似改变

确诊后就要

针对分型及其临床特点进行预后危险分层

同时还要考虑病人的经济能力与意愿

选择最佳治疗方案

降低肿瘤负荷 延长生存期

改进生存质量

主要治疗方法有哪些

治疗方法主要有对症支持治疗

化学治疗 髓外白血病的防治

造血干细胞移植等

其中对症支持治疗又包括对高白细胞血症的紧急处理

感染的防治 成分输血 防止出血

防治尿酸性肾病以及营养支持等

好 我们来看一下怎么处理高白细胞血症

当循环血液中WBC大于200×10^9/L 时

可发生白细胞淤滞症

病人表现为呼吸窘迫 低氧血症 头晕 言语不清

反应迟钝 中枢神经系统出血及阴茎异常勃起等

此时可使用白细胞分离机

单采清除过高的白细胞

同时给以化疗药物和水化

防治感染 是降低死亡率的关键措施之一

可住层流病房

或消毒隔离病房

应用粒细胞集落刺激因子

或粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子

可促进造血细胞增殖

改善贫血

贫血严重者吸氧

输浓缩红

血小板低者可输浓缩血小板悬液

保持血小板大于20×10^9/L

并发DIC时 则应做出相应处理

白血病细胞的大量破坏 尤其是化疗期间

血清及尿液中尿酸明显升高

尿酸结晶的析出可积聚于肾小管

导致病人出现少尿甚至急性肾功能衰竭

嘱病人多饮水

或24小时持续静脉补液

口服别嘌醇以碱化尿液

另一重要的治疗方式是化疗

其目的是达到完全缓解并延长生存期

什么是完全缓解大家要记住

所谓完全缓解(CR)即

白血病的症状和体征消失

外周血中性粒细胞绝对值

大于等于1.5×10^9/L

血小板大于等于100×10^9 /L

血红蛋白大于等于100g/L(男)或大于等于90g/L(女)

白细胞分类中无白血病细胞

骨髓中原始+早幼细胞小于等于百分之五

M3型还应无奥尔小体

红细胞和巨核细胞系列正常

这就是完全缓解

联合化疗时 药物组合的条件必须是

作用于细胞周期不同阶段的药物

各药物间有相互协同作用

以最大程度地杀灭白血病细胞

各药物副作用不重叠

对重要脏器损伤较小

这就是联合的原则

白血病常用化疗药物

如表所示

化疗第一阶段是诱导缓解治疗

从白血病诊断

到治疗后达到完全缓解这一段的治疗

这就是诱导缓解

为最关键的治疗阶段

第二阶段巩固强化治疗

指从完全缓解后开始进行的6至9个疗程的治疗

是进一步消灭体内白血病细胞的不可或缺的步骤

第三阶段维持治疗

指从巩固强化治疗结束后

继续进行的2至3年的治疗

是防止复发 延长生存的重要手段

AML常用化疗方案

如表所示

ALL常用化疗方案

如下所示

对于特殊类型白血病如M3

采用维甲酸或砷剂加联合化疗

老年白血病患者采用小剂量加长疗程

中枢神经系统白血病患者

采用甲氨喋呤鞘内注射加头颅照射

睾丸白血病则是放射治疗

造血干细胞移植也是

最重要的治疗手段之一

综上所述 急性白血病应该早发现 早治疗

本次课程我就讲到这里

下次课我们和大家一起学习白血病的护理

谢谢大家

Medical Nursing课程列表:

Unit 1 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part One)

-Introduction to Medical Nursing

--Introduction to Medical Nursing

--Introduction to Medical Nursing

-Chapter 1 Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Pneumonia

--Overview of pneumonia

--Overview of pneumonia

--Streptococcal Pneumonia

--Streptococcal Pneumonia

--Other types of pneumonia

--Other types of pneumonia

--The quality and color of sputum

--Care of Patients with Pneumonia

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Lung Abscess

--Introduction of lung abscess

--Introduction of lung abscess

--Treatment and nursing of lung abscess

--Treatment and care of nursing abscess

--Care of Patients with Lung Abscess

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)

--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Unit 2 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis

--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis

--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis

--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Oxygen

--Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma

--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma

--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma

--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma

--Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma

-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease

--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease

Unit 3 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part Three)

-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination

--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination

--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma

-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion

--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations

--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations

--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion

--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion

--Determination of the nature of pleural effusion

--Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion

-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure

--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure

--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients

--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients

--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure

--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure

--Care of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

-Unit Test: Respiratory System

-Unit Assignment: Respiratory System

Unit 4 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases

--Overview of Cardiovascular System

--Overview of Cardiovascular System

--Overview of Cardiovascular System

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Heart Failure

--Overview of heart failure

--Overview of heart failure

--Chronic heart failure (1)

--Chronic heart failure (1)

--Chronic heart failure (2)

--Chronic heart failure (2)

--Acute heart failure

--Acute heart failure

--Heart Failure

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Arrhythmia

--Overview of arrhythmia

--Overview of arrhythmia

--Sick sinus syndrome

--Sick sinus syndrome

--Supraventricular tachycardia

--Supraventricular tachycardia

--Atrial fibrillation

--Atrial fibrillation

--Ventricular tachycardia

--Ventricular tachycardia

--Atrioventricular block

--Atrioventricular block

--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia

--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia

--Cardiac arrhythmia

Unit 5 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

--Overview of coronary heart disease

--Overview of coronary heart disease

--Stable angina pectoris

--Stable angina pectoris

--Unstable angina pectoris

--Unstable angina pectoris

--Acute myocardial infarction (1)

--Acute myocardial infarction (1)

--Acute myocardial infarction (2)

--Acute myocardial infarction (2)

--Acute myocardial infarction (3)

--Acute myocardial infarction (3)

--Coronary Artery Disease

--Difference between angina pectoris and myocardial infarction

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hypertension

--Primary hypertension (1)

--Primary hypertension (1)

--Primary hypertension (2)

--Primary hypertension (2)

--Primary hypertension

--Safe nursing for patients with hypertension

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Myocardial Diseases

--Myocardial Diseases (1)

--Myocardial Diseases (1)

--Myocardial Diseases (2)

--Myocardial Diseases (2)

--Myocardial Diseases (3)

--Myocardial Diseases (3)

--Myocardial Diseases

-Unit Assignment: Cardiovascular System

Unit 6 Care of Patients with Digestive System Diseases

-Chapter 1 Overview of Digestive System

--Overview of digestive system(I)

--Overview of digestive system(I)

--Overview of digestive system(II)

--Overview of digestive system(II)

--Overview of Digestive System

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulcer

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulce

--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer

--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer

--Recurrence of peptic ulcer

--Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cirrhosis

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cir

--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis

--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis

--Cirrhosis

--Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy

--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopath

--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of hepatic encephalopathy

--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of he

-- Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

--Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

-Unit Test: Digestive System

-Unit Assignment: Digestive System

Unit 7 Care of Patients with Urinary System Diseases

-Chapter 1 Overview of Urinary System

--Overview of Urinary System

--Overview of Urinary System

--Overview of Urinary System

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Acute Glomerulonephritis

--Acute Glomerulonephritis

-- Acute Glomerulonephritis

-- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

--Chronic Glomerulonephritis

--Chronic Glomerulonephritis

--Chronic Glomerulonephritis

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

--Nephrotic Syndrome

--Nephrotic Syndrome

--Nephrotic Syndrome

Unit 8 Care of Patients with Urinary System Diseases

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Unit Assignment: Urinary System

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Unit 9 Care of Patients with Hematologic and Hemopoietic System Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Overview of Hematologic System

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)

-Chapter 2 Overview of Anemia

--Overview of Anemia

--Overview of Anemia

--Overview of Anemia

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia

--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia

--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia

--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia

--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia

--Nutrition and Anemia

--Iron Deficiency Anemia (I)

--Iron Deficiency Anemia(II)

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia

--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia

--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia

--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia

--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia

--Pancytopenia

--Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia

--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia

--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia

--Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia

Unit 10 Care of Patients with Hematologic and Hemopoietic System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Diseases

--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases

--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases

--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura

--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura

--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases

--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura

-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Leukemia

--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia

--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia

--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia

--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia

--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia

--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia

--Nursing of acute leukemia(I)

--Nursing of acute leukemia(II)

--Nursing of acute leukemia

--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia

--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia

--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia

--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia

--Bone Pain

--Care of Patients with Leukemia

-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Lymphoma

--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma

--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma

--Superficial Lymphadenopathy

--Care of Patients with Lymphoma

-Unit Test: Hematologic System

-Unit Assignment: Hematologic System

Unit11 Care of Patients with Endocrine System Diseases and Metabolic Disorders

-Chapter1 Overview of Endocrine ystem

--Overview of Endocrine System

--Overview of Endocrine System

--Overview of Endocrine System

-Chapter2 Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 2

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism2

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism

-Chapter3 Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

-Chapter4 Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus1

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 1

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus2

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

-Unit Review: Endocrine System

--Unit Assignment: Endocrine System

--Unit Test: Endocrine System

Unit 12 Care of Patients with Infectious Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Overview of Infectious Diseases

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2

--Overview of Infectious Diseases

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Rabies

--Care of Patients with Rabies 1

--Care of Patients with Rabies 1

--Care of Patients with Rabies 1

--Care of Patients with Rabies 2

--Care of Patients with Rabies 2

--Care of Patients with Rabies 2

--Care of Patients with Rabies

Unit 13 Care of Patients with Infectious Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B

-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis

-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Cholera

--Care of Patients with Cholera

--Care of Patients with Cholera

--Care for patients with cholera

-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2

--Care for patients with schistosome

-Chapter 11 Care of Patients with COVID-19

--Care of Patients with COVID-19

--Care of Patients with COVID-19

-Chapter 12 Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19

--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19

--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19

-Unit Test: Infectious Diseases

--Unit Test: infective disease

-Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases

--Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases

Unit 14 Care of Patients with Nervous System Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Overview of Nervous System Diseases

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 1)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)

Unit 15 Care of Patients with Nervous System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 2)

--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

--Transient Ischemic Attack

--Transient Ischemic Attack

--Transient Ischemic Attack

--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Epilepsy

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease

-Unit Assignment: Nervous System

--Unit Assignment: Nervous System

Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia笔记与讨论

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