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同学们好

在这个知识点里面

我们将继续学习

糖尿病的诊断和治疗

首先我们来看

糖尿病的诊断要点

根据WHO

1999年对糖尿病的诊断和分类标准

如果出现典型的糖尿病症状

例如多饮 多尿

多食 体重下降

以及随机血糖检测

大于等于11.1毫摩尔每升即可诊断糖尿病

或者加上空腹血糖检测

大于等于7.0毫摩尔每升

或者加上葡萄糖负荷后两小时的血糖

大于等于11.1毫摩尔每升 可诊断为糖尿病

诊断时还应注意是否符合

糖尿病的诊断标准 分型

有无并发症及严重程度

有无加重糖尿病的因素存在

这些就是糖尿病的诊断标准。

对于糖代谢的状态

我们可以做如下的分类

糖代谢可以分为

正常血糖 空腹血糖受损

糖耐量降低以及糖尿病

糖尿病的诊断标准我们刚刚已经说过了

那空腹血糖受损

糖耐量减低

以及糖尿病在静脉血浆葡萄糖水平上又有什么样的区别呢

请大家看这个表格

表格中显示的空腹血糖受损

是指空腹血糖是在

6.1到7.0毫摩尔每升之间

也就是略高于正常值

但还不足以诊断糖尿病

但是这样的病人

在糖负荷两小时之后

也就是OGTT两小时的静脉血的葡萄糖水平小于7.8毫摩尔每升

糖耐量减低是指空腹血糖

小于7.0毫摩尔每升

OGTT两小时的血糖浓度

在7.8到11.1毫摩尔每升之间

也就是略高于正常值

但是低于糖尿病的诊断标准

这是两种特殊的糖代谢状态,是需要大家重点掌握的

当然要重点强调的是

由于糖化血红蛋白较OGTT试验相比简便

并且结果稳定

且不受

进餐时间及短期生活方式改变的影响

美国糖尿病协会在2010年就已经将糖化血红蛋白

大于等于百分之6.5

作为糖尿病的诊断标准

2011年WHO也建议在条件具备的国家和地区

采用这一指标诊断糖尿病

但是在我国

由于糖化血红蛋白的检测技术尚不普遍

仪器和质量控制

标准缺乏

因此

还没有推荐用糖化血红蛋白来诊断糖尿病

了解了糖尿病的诊断方法以后 我们来看看糖尿病的治疗要点

糖尿病的治疗原则是

早期 长期 综合 全面达标及治疗方法个体化

糖尿病的治疗是一个综合治疗的过程

主要包括

糖尿病教育 饮食治疗 运动锻炼 药物治疗

自我监测和心理疏导六个方面

以及四个措施

即 降糖 降压

调脂和改变不良生活习惯

糖尿病的治疗目标是什么呢

是将血糖降至正常吗

或是完全治愈糖尿病吗

不是那么简单

糖尿病病人的治疗目标是

通过纠正病人不良的生活方式

和代谢紊乱

防止急性并发症的发生

和降低慢性并发症的风险

提高病人的生活质量

降低病死率

糖尿病的药物治疗主要包括两种

一种是口服降糖药物

一种是胰岛素

口服降糖药物主要包括促胰岛素分泌剂

增加胰岛素敏感性药物

阿尔发糖苷酶抑制剂

临床上常用的有格列苯脲 商品名为优降糖 以及瑞格列奈 商品名为诺和龙

主要是刺激胰腺分泌胰岛素

增加胰岛素敏感性类的药物

临床常用的是双胍类

双胍类的药物主要通过

减少肝脏葡萄糖的输出

缓解葡萄糖

从胃肠道吸收入血

改善外周胰岛素抵抗和

加速无氧酵解 而降低血糖

是2型糖尿病病人控制高血糖的一线药物

和联合用药中的基本用药

并且有助于延缓和

改善糖尿病的心血管并发症

临床常用的二甲双胍

就属于双胍类药物

此外

噻唑烷二酮类的药物

也能增强胰岛素的敏感性

可单独或与其他降糖药物合用

治疗2型糖尿病病人

尤其是肥胖和胰岛素抵抗明显的病人

但是它不作为2型糖尿病的

一线用药

常见的有罗格列酮和吡格列酮两种

第三种口服降糖药物是阿尔法糖苷酶抑制剂

适用于

以碳水化合物为主要食物成分

和餐后血糖升高的病人

可作为2型糖尿病的

一线药物

常见的药物有阿卡波糖

主要作用部位是

胃肠道

除了口服药物降糖以外

胰岛素也是

治疗糖尿病的重要药物

尤其对1型糖尿病和

各种严重的糖尿病伴急 慢性并发症

以及2型糖尿病

经饮食 运动 口服降糖药物治疗后

血糖控制不满意者

均推荐使用胰岛素 降低血糖

胰岛素的制剂类型较为复杂

根据作用快慢和维持时间的长短

可以分为

短效和速效胰岛素

这两类胰岛素主要用于

控制餐后的高血糖

也就是病人在用餐之前注射短效或

速效胰岛素

其次 还有中效胰岛素和

长效胰岛素

中效胰岛素主要用来

控制两餐后的高血糖

以第二餐为主

而长效胰岛素 主要是提供

基础水平的胰岛素

2型糖尿病常用的胰岛素类型

是预混胰岛素

主要是速效或

短效胰岛素加中效胰岛素

持续皮下胰岛素输注

也称胰岛素泵

也广泛应用于临床

是一种更为完善的强化胰岛素治疗方法

可以模拟生理的胰岛素的分泌

保持体内胰岛素维持在一个基本水平

保证病人的正常生理需要

随着科学研究的发展

减重手术治疗和胰腺和胰岛细胞的移植

也逐渐应用于临床治疗糖尿病

治疗方面 最后

我们来讲糖尿病的急性和慢性并发症的治疗

先看急性并发症 糖尿病酮症酸中毒

是糖尿病尤其是1 型糖尿病病人

最常见的一种急性并发症

对于这样的病人

我们应该从两个方面 进行抢救和治疗

第一:补液

纠正水 盐电解质和

酸碱平衡的失调

补液和纠正酸碱平衡失调的原则 依据休克病人的抢救原则

第二 我们还要对这样的病人

进行小剂量的胰岛素治疗

正在发病期的病人

我们给予每公斤体重每小时0.1单位的

短效胰岛素和生理盐水

一起静脉滴注

每1到2小时复查血糖

待病人血糖

降至13.9毫摩尔每升以后

改为短效胰岛素

与5%的葡萄糖溶液混合

静脉滴注

待病人尿酮体消失

则可以每4到6小时

皮下注射一次短效胰岛素

对于高渗高血糖综合征的治疗

原则基本与糖尿病酮症酸中毒

的治疗原则相同

在给病人补液时

24小时的补液量可以达到6000到1万毫升

待病人血糖降至16.7毫摩尔每升时

给予5%的葡萄糖溶液

与短效胰岛素

混合静滴

注意观察病人的神志

及时处理脑水肿

对于糖尿病病人慢性并发症的治疗

我们应定期筛查 以便早期诊断处理

防治的策略是

全面控制危险因素

包括积极的控制血糖 血压

血脂 抗血小板的治疗

调整生活方式 控制体重

戒烟和改善胰岛素的敏感性

对于糖尿病合并高血压

血脂紊乱和大血管病变的病人

血压应积极控制在140的80毫摩尔每汞柱以下

有明确心血管疾病的病人

低密度脂蛋白应

在1.8毫摩尔每升以下

常规使用阿司匹林作为心血管疾病的预防措施

对于患有糖尿病肾病的病人

我们应早期筛查微量蛋白尿

评估肾小球滤过率

减少食物中蛋白质的摄入 纠正贫血

对于糖尿病视网膜病变的病人

应该定期检查

必要时使用激光光凝治疗

对于糖尿病周围神经病变

通常在综合治疗的基础上

采用神经修复 抗氧化

改善微循环等对症治疗

对于糖尿病足的治疗

需要在全身治疗的基础上

进行彻底的清创 引流等创面的处理

具体的处理方法以及护理方法

我们在糖尿病的护理措施中将重点为大家阐述

我们在这个知识点里面

将糖尿病的诊断和治疗都一一和大家讨论了

希望大家在课后抓紧复习

我们下一个知识点将讲述糖尿病的护理

谢谢

Medical Nursing课程列表:

Unit 1 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part One)

-Introduction to Medical Nursing

--Introduction to Medical Nursing

--Introduction to Medical Nursing

-Chapter 1 Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Pneumonia

--Overview of pneumonia

--Overview of pneumonia

--Streptococcal Pneumonia

--Streptococcal Pneumonia

--Other types of pneumonia

--Other types of pneumonia

--The quality and color of sputum

--Care of Patients with Pneumonia

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Lung Abscess

--Introduction of lung abscess

--Introduction of lung abscess

--Treatment and nursing of lung abscess

--Treatment and care of nursing abscess

--Care of Patients with Lung Abscess

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)

--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Unit 2 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis

--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis

--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis

--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Oxygen

--Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma

--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma

--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma

--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma

--Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma

-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease

--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease

Unit 3 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part Three)

-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination

--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination

--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma

-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion

--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations

--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations

--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion

--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion

--Determination of the nature of pleural effusion

--Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion

-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure

--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure

--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients

--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients

--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure

--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure

--Care of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

-Unit Test: Respiratory System

-Unit Assignment: Respiratory System

Unit 4 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases

--Overview of Cardiovascular System

--Overview of Cardiovascular System

--Overview of Cardiovascular System

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Heart Failure

--Overview of heart failure

--Overview of heart failure

--Chronic heart failure (1)

--Chronic heart failure (1)

--Chronic heart failure (2)

--Chronic heart failure (2)

--Acute heart failure

--Acute heart failure

--Heart Failure

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Arrhythmia

--Overview of arrhythmia

--Overview of arrhythmia

--Sick sinus syndrome

--Sick sinus syndrome

--Supraventricular tachycardia

--Supraventricular tachycardia

--Atrial fibrillation

--Atrial fibrillation

--Ventricular tachycardia

--Ventricular tachycardia

--Atrioventricular block

--Atrioventricular block

--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia

--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia

--Cardiac arrhythmia

Unit 5 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

--Overview of coronary heart disease

--Overview of coronary heart disease

--Stable angina pectoris

--Stable angina pectoris

--Unstable angina pectoris

--Unstable angina pectoris

--Acute myocardial infarction (1)

--Acute myocardial infarction (1)

--Acute myocardial infarction (2)

--Acute myocardial infarction (2)

--Acute myocardial infarction (3)

--Acute myocardial infarction (3)

--Coronary Artery Disease

--Difference between angina pectoris and myocardial infarction

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hypertension

--Primary hypertension (1)

--Primary hypertension (1)

--Primary hypertension (2)

--Primary hypertension (2)

--Primary hypertension

--Safe nursing for patients with hypertension

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Myocardial Diseases

--Myocardial Diseases (1)

--Myocardial Diseases (1)

--Myocardial Diseases (2)

--Myocardial Diseases (2)

--Myocardial Diseases (3)

--Myocardial Diseases (3)

--Myocardial Diseases

-Unit Assignment: Cardiovascular System

Unit 6 Care of Patients with Digestive System Diseases

-Chapter 1 Overview of Digestive System

--Overview of digestive system(I)

--Overview of digestive system(I)

--Overview of digestive system(II)

--Overview of digestive system(II)

--Overview of Digestive System

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulcer

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulce

--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer

--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer

--Recurrence of peptic ulcer

--Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cirrhosis

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cir

--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis

--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis

--Cirrhosis

--Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy

--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopath

--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of hepatic encephalopathy

--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of he

-- Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

--Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

-Unit Test: Digestive System

-Unit Assignment: Digestive System

Unit 7 Care of Patients with Urinary System Diseases

-Chapter 1 Overview of Urinary System

--Overview of Urinary System

--Overview of Urinary System

--Overview of Urinary System

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Acute Glomerulonephritis

--Acute Glomerulonephritis

-- Acute Glomerulonephritis

-- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

--Chronic Glomerulonephritis

--Chronic Glomerulonephritis

--Chronic Glomerulonephritis

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

--Nephrotic Syndrome

--Nephrotic Syndrome

--Nephrotic Syndrome

Unit 8 Care of Patients with Urinary System Diseases

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Unit Assignment: Urinary System

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Unit 9 Care of Patients with Hematologic and Hemopoietic System Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Overview of Hematologic System

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)

-Chapter 2 Overview of Anemia

--Overview of Anemia

--Overview of Anemia

--Overview of Anemia

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia

--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia

--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia

--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia

--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia

--Nutrition and Anemia

--Iron Deficiency Anemia (I)

--Iron Deficiency Anemia(II)

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia

--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia

--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia

--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia

--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia

--Pancytopenia

--Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia

--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia

--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia

--Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia

Unit 10 Care of Patients with Hematologic and Hemopoietic System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Diseases

--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases

--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases

--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura

--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura

--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases

--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura

-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Leukemia

--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia

--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia

--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia

--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia

--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia

--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia

--Nursing of acute leukemia(I)

--Nursing of acute leukemia(II)

--Nursing of acute leukemia

--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia

--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia

--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia

--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia

--Bone Pain

--Care of Patients with Leukemia

-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Lymphoma

--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma

--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma

--Superficial Lymphadenopathy

--Care of Patients with Lymphoma

-Unit Test: Hematologic System

-Unit Assignment: Hematologic System

Unit11 Care of Patients with Endocrine System Diseases and Metabolic Disorders

-Chapter1 Overview of Endocrine ystem

--Overview of Endocrine System

--Overview of Endocrine System

--Overview of Endocrine System

-Chapter2 Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 2

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism2

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism

-Chapter3 Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

-Chapter4 Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus1

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 1

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus2

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

-Unit Review: Endocrine System

--Unit Assignment: Endocrine System

--Unit Test: Endocrine System

Unit 12 Care of Patients with Infectious Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Overview of Infectious Diseases

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2

--Overview of Infectious Diseases

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Rabies

--Care of Patients with Rabies 1

--Care of Patients with Rabies 1

--Care of Patients with Rabies 1

--Care of Patients with Rabies 2

--Care of Patients with Rabies 2

--Care of Patients with Rabies 2

--Care of Patients with Rabies

Unit 13 Care of Patients with Infectious Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B

-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis

-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Cholera

--Care of Patients with Cholera

--Care of Patients with Cholera

--Care for patients with cholera

-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2

--Care for patients with schistosome

-Chapter 11 Care of Patients with COVID-19

--Care of Patients with COVID-19

--Care of Patients with COVID-19

-Chapter 12 Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19

--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19

--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19

-Unit Test: Infectious Diseases

--Unit Test: infective disease

-Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases

--Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases

Unit 14 Care of Patients with Nervous System Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Overview of Nervous System Diseases

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 1)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)

Unit 15 Care of Patients with Nervous System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 2)

--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

--Transient Ischemic Attack

--Transient Ischemic Attack

--Transient Ischemic Attack

--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Epilepsy

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease

-Unit Assignment: Nervous System

--Unit Assignment: Nervous System

Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4笔记与讨论

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