当前课程知识点:Medical Nursing > Unit 2 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part Two) > Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease > Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
大家好
你和你周围的人是否
存在以下情况:
40岁以上
大部分时间咳嗽 咳痰 比同龄人更容易气促
以前或者现在有抽烟的习惯
接触过
职业粉尘 化学物质 生物燃料 烟雾等
他发生了什么了呢
你有思考过
他是慢性阻塞性肺疾病吗
今天我们来学习慢性阻塞性肺疾病
什么是慢性阻塞性肺疾病呢
这个病也简称为COPD
以持续气流受限为特征
可以预防和治疗
气流受限不完全可逆 呈进行性发展
与气道和肺组织对香烟烟雾等有害气体或者有害颗粒的
异常慢性炎症有关
它的特征是慢性支气管炎和肺气肿
COPD与慢性支气管炎和肺气肿关系密切
肺气肿是肺部终末细支气管远端
出现异常持久的扩张
并伴有肺泡壁和细支气管的破坏
无明显的肺纤维化
当慢性支气管炎和肺气肿患者肺功能检查出现气流受限时
就可以诊断为COPD
如果患者只有慢性支气管炎和 或 肺气肿
但是没有气流受限 则不能诊断为COPD
需要注意
气流受限的症状会在很多病上体现
但是不属于COPD的范畴
比如支气管哮喘 气流受限是可逆的
不属于COPD
支气管哮喘的患者疾病中后期
表现为气流受限不可逆的时候
可以诊断为COPD
其他一些气流受限疾病
已知病因或具有特征病理表现
例如
支气管扩张 肺结核 纤维化病变 弥漫性泛细支气管炎等
都不是COPD
COPD是中国呼吸系统疾病中常见病和多发病
慢性阻塞性肺疾病在中国具有高患病率
高致残率 高病死率 高疾病负担的 “四高” 特点
在中国 成为危害公众健康的严重公共卫生问题
数据显示 中国40岁以上人群慢阻肺患病率为百分之8.2
年龄越大 患病率越高
男性高于女性
农村高于城市
吸烟者高于非吸烟者
由于人口老龄化 庞大的吸烟人群
空气污染等问题长期存在
慢阻肺防治形势十分严峻
与高患病率相比
慢阻肺有着低知晓率 检出率
低有效治疗率
如果能够早期诊断 早期治疗 早期预防
将提高患者生活质量
做出努力就能大大降低死亡率
接下来,引发慢阻肺的病因有哪些呢
病因与慢性支气管炎的相似
可能是多种环境因素和机体自身因素
长期相互作用的结果.
发病机制主要如下:
1 气道 肺实质及肺血管的慢性炎症
是COPD的特征性改变
中性粒细胞 巨噬细胞 T淋巴细胞等炎症细胞
均参与了COPD发病过程
2 蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶失衡机制
蛋白酶增多或者抗蛋白酶不足
都会导致组织结构破坏 导致肺气肿的发生
3 氧化应急机制
许多研究表明
COPD患者氧化应激增加
氧化物可以直接作用
并且破坏许多生化大分子
导致细胞功能障碍或者细胞死亡
4 其它机制还有
自主神经功能失调 营养不良
均有可能参与慢阻肺的发生和发展
上述机制共同作用
可以产生小气道的病变和肺气肿的病变
从而造成了慢阻肺特征性的持续气流受限
慢阻肺起病缓慢 病程长
主要临床表现有
咳嗽 咳痰 气促慢性咳嗽
晨间明显 夜间带有阵咳
咳痰形状为:
白色粘液或者浆液的泡沫痰 偶尔可有血丝
清晨较多 急性发作期咳痰增多
可伴有脓性痰
另外有气短或者呼吸困难的症状
早期在剧烈活动后出现 会逐渐加重
患者甚至在日常活动或者休息的时候也会感到气促
气促是COPD的标志性症状
在慢性支气管炎咳嗽咳痰喘息的基础上
患者出现了进行性加重的呼吸困难
这是COPD患者的特征性症状
请大家记住
随着病情加重病人可能会出现喘息
晚期的病人可能会有体重的下降 食欲减退
在体征表现上 早期无异常
随着病情加重
视诊可见桶装胸
患者还可能呼吸变浅 频率变快
严重的有缩唇呼吸
触诊有语颤减弱
叩诊有过清音 肺下界和肝上界下降
心浊音界缩小
听诊可有两肺呼吸音减弱 呼气延长
有些病人可听到干湿啰音.
怎样评估COPD患者严重程度
症状评估
可以用改良版的英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难问卷进行评估
(mMRC问卷)
评估肺功能用GOLD分级
吸入支气管舒张药后 FEV1/FVC 用力呼气量/用力肺活量 <0.7,
当慢阻肺患者
再根据FEV1下降程度
进行气流受限的严重程度进行分级
急性加重风险评估
上一年发生2次或以上急性加重
或FEV1<50%预计的时候
提示今后急性加重风险增加
COPD病程可分为两期
根据患者症状和病情变化
首先是急性加重期,
指在疾病发展的过程中
短期内会出现咳嗽 咳痰 气短
喘息加重 痰量增多
呈现出脓性或粘液性脓性痰
还可以伴随发热等症状
其次是稳定期
是指患者咳嗽 咳痰 气短的症状
稳定或者较轻等
同时
COPD也可能会并发一系列并发症
比如慢性呼吸衰竭 自发性气胸
慢性肺源性心脏病等
如何诊断疾病呢
需要知道影像学检查,X线检查等
对COPD的诊断特异性不高
但是可以作为与其它肺部疾病鉴别的手段
具有重要价值
早期的胸片可以没有变化
典型的肺气肿显示
胸廓的前后径增大
肋间隙增宽 肋骨平行
膈低平 两肺野的透亮度增加
有时可见局限性透亮度增高
表现为局限性肺气肿或肺大泡
常用的实验室检查有肺功能检查
这是判断气流受限主要的客观指标
吸入支气管舒张药以后FEV1/FVC<0.7
可以确定为持续的气流受限
动脉血气分析对于确定
低氧血症 高碳酸血症 酸碱失衡等的发生有重要意义
总之
COPD是一种可以治疗可以预防的疾病
它以不完全可逆的气流受限为特点
呈进行性加重
且多与肺部对香烟等有害的气体或者是颗粒的
异常炎症反应有关
一般病人会出现慢性咳嗽 咳痰 气短
或呼吸困难 喘息等症状
本节课程要掌握COPD严重程度的评估
疾病的分期
以便指导治疗和护理
如何对COPD患者进行治疗和护理呢
请看下一节课程
谢谢
-Introduction to Medical Nursing
--Introduction to Medical Nursing
--Introduction to Medical Nursing
-Chapter 1 Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Pneumonia
--Overview of pneumonia
--Streptococcal Pneumonia
--Other types of pneumonia
--The quality and color of sputum
--Care of Patients with Pneumonia
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Lung Abscess
--Introduction of lung abscess
--Introduction of lung abscess
--Treatment and nursing of lung abscess
--Treatment and care of nursing abscess
--Care of Patients with Lung Abscess
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)
--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Oxygen
--Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma
--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma
--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma
--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma
--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma
--Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease
--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination
--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination
--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma
-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion
--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion
--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion
--Determination of the nature of pleural effusion
--Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion
-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure
--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure
--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients
--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients
--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure
--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure
--Care of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
-Unit Test: Respiratory System
-Unit Assignment: Respiratory System
-Chapter 1 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Heart Failure
--Overview of heart failure
--Chronic heart failure (1)
--Chronic heart failure (2)
--Acute heart failure
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Arrhythmia
--Overview of arrhythmia
--Sick sinus syndrome
--Supraventricular tachycardia
--Supraventricular tachycardia
--Atrial fibrillation
--Ventricular tachycardia
--Atrioventricular block
--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia
--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
--Overview of coronary heart disease
--Overview of coronary heart disease
--Stable angina pectoris
--Unstable angina pectoris
--Acute myocardial infarction (1)
--Acute myocardial infarction (1)
--Acute myocardial infarction (2)
--Acute myocardial infarction (2)
--Acute myocardial infarction (3)
--Acute myocardial infarction (3)
--Difference between angina pectoris and myocardial infarction
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hypertension
--Primary hypertension (1)
--Primary hypertension (2)
--Safe nursing for patients with hypertension
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Myocardial Diseases
--Myocardial Diseases (1)
--Myocardial Diseases (2)
--Myocardial Diseases (3)
-Unit Assignment: Cardiovascular System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Digestive System
--Overview of digestive system(I)
--Overview of digestive system(I)
--Overview of digestive system(II)
--Overview of digestive system(II)
--Overview of Digestive System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulcer
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulce
--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer
--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer
--Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cirrhosis
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cir
--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis
--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis
--Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopath
--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of hepatic encephalopathy
--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of he
-- Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
--Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
-Unit Test: Digestive System
-Unit Assignment: Digestive System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Urinary System
--Overview of Urinary System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Acute Glomerulonephritis
-- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Chronic Glomerulonephritis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome
--Nephrotic Syndrome
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Unit Assignment: Urinary System
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
-Chapter 1 Overview of Hematologic System
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
-Chapter 2 Overview of Anemia
--Overview of Anemia
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia
--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia
--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia
--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia
--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia
--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia
--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia
--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia
--Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia
--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia
--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia
--Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Diseases
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Leukemia
--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia
--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia
--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia
--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia
--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia
--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia
--Nursing of acute leukemia(I)
--Nursing of acute leukemia(II)
--Nursing of acute leukemia
--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia
--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia
--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia
--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia
--Care of Patients with Leukemia
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Lymphoma
--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma
--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma
--Care of Patients with Lymphoma
-Unit Test: Hematologic System
-Unit Assignment: Hematologic System
-Chapter1 Overview of Endocrine ystem
--Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System
-Chapter2 Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 2
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism2
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
-Chapter3 Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
-Chapter4 Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus1
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 1
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus2
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
-Unit Review: Endocrine System
--Unit Assignment: Endocrine System
--Unit Test: Endocrine System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Infectious Diseases
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Rabies
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care for patients with cholera
-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2
--Care for patients with schistosome
-Chapter 11 Care of Patients with COVID-19
--Care of Patients with COVID-19
--Care of Patients with COVID-19
-Chapter 12 Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
-Unit Test: Infectious Diseases
--Unit Test: infective disease
-Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases
--Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases
-Chapter 1 Overview of Nervous System Diseases
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 1)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 2)
--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
--Transient Ischemic Attack
--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)
--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Epilepsy
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease
-Unit Assignment: Nervous System
--Unit Assignment: Nervous System