Video在线视频

同学们好
Welcome everyone

我们这一节
during this class

是中国山水画技法的
we’ll introduce the technic of Chinese landscape painting

一个理论讲述
in theoretic way

那么中国画
So, Chinese painting

是中国文化的审美表征
as aesthetic character of Chinese culture

中国山水画
And Chinese Landscape Painting

在整个世界上来看
from the perspective of the whole world

就是中国画的典型代表
is the typical represent of Chinese Painting

这是因为山水画最能够呈现
This is because in Chinese Landscape painting, it best

中华民族的审美人格
presents Chinese aesthetic personality

和心灵世界
and spiritual world

也能揭示中国文化的根本点
also unfold fundamental point of Chinese culture

那么中国文化的根本点
Well then, what is the fundamental point of Chinese culture

是什么呢
What it is

也就是
It’s about

中国文化的核心是什么
What is the essence core of Chinese culture

历代名家有许多论述
many expositions have been made from scholars by generations

但最有代表性的
But the one which mostly stands out will be

我认为是天人合一
the ideology of the unity of nature and human beings

和中庸的思想
and the theory of Zhongyong

这种思想是要
This theory framed that

人能够师法于天
human beings should learn from nature

在行为上要遵循
Follow the fundamental laws of

宇宙的根本法则
the universe in behavior

并将这种法则里的秩序
and the ultimate in the pursuit of order and harmony

与和谐的奥妙
in this law

作为人类文化活动的
and the ultimate in the pursuit

终级追求
of order and harmony in this law

这就是中国文化的根本点
This is the fundamental point

中国山水画
of Chinese culture

就是这种人文思想的视觉表达
The visual expression form of humanistic

与其他国家的风景画
thought in

有很大区别
Chinese landscape painting,

其独特的艺术面貌
its unique character in art

和历史的厚度
and historical thickness

在世界文化史上
Occupying an important position

占有不可忽略的重要地位
in the history of world-wide culture history

在概念上
Conceptually

我们把中国山水画定义为
We define it

中国山水画
as Chinese landscape painting

是中国传统绘画的画科之一
It is one of traditional Chine painting subject

是以自然景物为素材
It based on natural scenery

以中国的人文精神为内涵
and connotation of Chinese humanistic spirit

以两维的超表象的笔墨形式
in the form of two-dimensional super-representation

及观念的色彩为表现方法
and the expression method with concept color

是以气韵生动为品评标准
based on the vividness as aesthetic standard

呈现审美意境
to present aesthetic conception

表达审美人格与心灵的
and express aesthetic personality

一种绘画形式
and mind

这与西方传统的风景画相比
Compare to western landscape painting

中国山水画在材料的运用
Chinese landscape painting has essential difference

内质的追求 表现方法
in the core pursuit, expression method

品评标准均有本质上的区别
and also very different in aesthetic stander

中国山水画发端于晋朝
Chinese landscape painting was started from Jin dynasty

约在公元的350年左右
around ac 350 years

成熟于五代和宋初
well-developed in the dynasty fifth and beginning of Son dynasty

距今天已有1600余年的历史
which is more than 1600 years since now

那么久远的艺术思维
Such historical art thought

和表现方法
and expression method

我们现在为什么还要学
why we still need to learn from it

这是因为中国山水画
This is because

所反映出来的艺术精神
the spirit that was reflected from Chinese landscape painting

已经成为中华民族
has already became

在艺术上的一个
an universal art pursuit

普遍的一种追求
in Chinese nation

其独特的表现方法
Its unique expression method

也形成了有别于其他
has also formed an unique art language

民族区域的艺术表现
that different from other nation

成为能够以中国艺术精神
and finally became a art form

互为表里的艺术形式
that capable to interact with the spirit of China nationality

一千多年过去了
After a thousand years

中国的山水画的理想追求
the art spirit pursuit in Chinese landscape painting

同中国人的
hasn’t changed along with

核心思想理念的根基
Chinese thought foundation

和文化特征一样没有改变
and culture character

代表着
it has represented

中华民族独特的精神标识
the unique Chinese spirit identification

也成为中华民族生生不息
and also formed into the great nourish

发展壮大的丰厚的滋养
that kept Chinese nationality moving forward by generations

并成为当代中国文化
It became the outstanding advantage of

发展的突出的优势
contemporary Chinese culture development

对延续和发展中华文明
and has great important effort

促进人类文化的进步
in promoting

将发挥着重要的作用
human culture development

中国山水画的艺术精神
The spirit of Chinese landscape painting

是中国人文精神的
is and important dimensionality

一个重要的维度
in Chinese humanist spirits

其最高的旨趣
and highest purport

它不在于对客观事物
It is neither about copy

一个简单的一个描摹
from realistic objects

也不在于主观性情的抒发
nor personal subjective expression

而在于通过绘画的整体形式
but through the entire painting form

表达审美主体
to express the aesthetic subject understanding of

冥合宇宙生命精神
universal life spirit

揭示天地旋律的奥妙
the mysterious in natural

进而不断地成就理想的人格
and then achieve the ideal personality

这是中国绘画的传统的
this is the core value of

价值观念的核心
traditional Chinese painting

这种价值观念形成
The process of such values

经历了一个非常重要的时期
was experienced an important historical period

这就是中国的魏晋南北朝
which is the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties

这个时期在中国思想史上
This period has its unique meaning

有它特殊的意义
in Chinese thought history

东汉
the situation that Confucianism occupy everywhere

罢黜百家 独尊儒术的局面
in the Eastern Han Dynasty

在这个时期已经不复存在
has no longer existed nowadays

适应于社会发展的道家思想
However, Taoism that accommodated nowadays society development

得到复苏
got revived

儒学也玄学化
the Confucianism was also tending to metaphysics

佛家与道家相辅而行
So did the Buddhist and Taoists

清谈之风得到兴盛
The lofty light style turns into new fashion

是一派十分活跃而宽松的
and bring a more active and flexible

学术气象
academic atmosphere

以何晏和王弼
He Yan and Wang Bi

为代表的清谈领袖
as leader of lofty light style

崇尚老庄哲学
highly praised Lao-Zhuang philosophy

提出贵无的思想
came up with the theory of Nihility

认为作为宇宙永恒的
with the belief of eternity in universe

本体的道既是无
and the nihility of noumenon

无是玄学追求的最高境界
The pursuit of Nihility is the highest realm of metaphysics

这与老庄思想是一脉相承的
which is followed Lao-Zhuang linage

这浑朴无名的道
This simple and nameless Tao

虽非耳目所及
is incapable to be sensed by sensation

但是人类还是试图用
but human beings still try to use

言和像之类的工具
language and form as the tool

来表达所体验到的
to express

宇宙生命的本质
the essence of universe life

和天地旋律的秘密
and secrete of nature

尽管孔子有言不尽意
although Confucius used to say words got its limit but the meaning is limitless

董仲舒有诗无达诂
Dong Zhongshu also had statement that there is no constant understanding of poem

易无达占
“Yi Ching” doesn’t have an invariable divination

春秋无达辞的体会
there is no over understanding of “Chun Qiu”

那么言 易之辩
So the debate between word and Yi?

也成为玄学清谈的重要内容
also became very important topic

这种学术局面
facing such situation

必然对绘画产生深远的影响
It must have a profound impact on painting

尤其玄学对绘画的影响
Especially the influence of metaphysics on painting

更为直接
More directly

中国最初
The originally art theory in China

而对后世影响最大的画论
And those have the greatest impact on later ages

都出自这个时代
Both came from this time period

比如南朝的刘宋时期的
For instance, during the Liu Song period of the Southern Dynasties

宗炳所著的《画山水序》
“Preface of painting landscape” which was written by Zongbing

南朝刘宋时期
Southern Song Dynasty

王微所著的《叙画》
Wang Wei’s “Depiction of painting”

南齐谢赫所著的
Nanqi Dynasty Xie He’s

《古画品录》等等
“The Verification about Xie He s Guhuapinlu s Age of Accomplishment;

这些绘画理论
“and so on

基本上都是建立在
These painting theories

老 庄 易三玄的基础上
Basically built on

绘画所确立的本质追求
Based on the Lao, Zhuang,Yi and the theory of metaphysics

与当时的文人士大夫
The essential pursuit of painting

崇尚清虚玄远有直接的联系
has direct contact with the literary person at the time

也由于文人介入了
who advocating the theory of metaphysics

绘画队伍之后
Also because of since the literary involved

他们把绘画视为
in painting

形而上的体“道”行为
They view painting as

这同以前绘画只是奴隶们
Metaphysical “Tao” behavior

所从事的工作
This is quite different from previous understanding of painting

比方伎 杂役
as art slave

还要低下的小伎大不一样
such as labors

绘画开始有了
and other miscellaneous workers

独立的意义和价值
Painting started to have

绘画作为文人士大夫
its unique value and meaning

主体精神的表现形式
Painting became the mean spiritual expression form

作为他们排遣胸臆
of literati people

和追求理想人生
as a way of spiritual express and life pursuing

及对大千世界
and a form of

玄妙本体追求的
The pursuit of mysterious itself

一种外化形式
An externalized form

这个绘画不是被看成
This painting is not seen as

一门手艺
A craft

也不是那些低微人
nor those people

所从事的工作
who work as labor

绘画如果能够彰显自然本体
if painting can show the natural ontology

揭示宇宙变化的规律
Reveal the laws of the changing universe

就像《易》那样
Just like "Iching"

自然成为一项
Naturally becomes

很高的一个智慧活动
A very intelligent activity

不是通达玄理的人
People who are not convinced

是无法从事这项工作的
It is impossible to do this work

这标志着
This marks

真正意义上的中国画
Chinese painting in the true sense

由此而诞生
was born from here

从此绘画开始分为两个群体
Painting started to divided into two groups starting from now then

一个群体叫士体
One group called a scholastic

另一个群体叫匠体
Another called the Craft

宗炳 王微 谢赫
Zong Bing Wang Wei Xie He

这类的人物
This group of people

他们的审美趋向
Their aesthetic trends

代表了文人士大夫阶层的
Representing the class of the literati

思想情怀及理想追求
Thoughts and ideals

因而也成为日后
And also it became the future

文人绘画的元祖
the ancestor of literati painting

他们的绘画的思想
their idea of painting

几乎影响了中国山水画
Almost affected the whole art history

发展的全部历史
of Chinese landscape painting development

那么为了表达这种艺术精神
Then to express this artistic spirit

历代画家在长期的
During long term practice

艺术实践中
from artists in different generations

不断的总结出一套表现方法
Constantly summarizing a set of performance methods

艺术生成的模式是怎样的呢
How was this method of art generated

我们可以从老子的
From Laozi theory

道生一 一生二
the one came from Dao and two came from the one

二生三 三生万物
Two births three and three generated into everything

万物负阴而抱阳
Everything is negative and positive size

冲气以为和
Formed into one piece

宇宙万物生成的模式
from the method of universe's creation

可以看出
as we can tell

这个中国艺术表现的特点
The characteristics of this Chinese art performance

中国山水画的生成模式
and the generation pattern of Chinese landscape painting

和它的特点是什么样的呢
So what is its characteristic?

它不做物理属性的简单传播
It does not do simple propagation of physical properties

将世间万物转换为
Convert everything in the world into

适度的对立统一的笔墨关系
Moderate opposition to the relationship between brush and ink

通过点线墨块这些基本因素
Though these basic factors such as dot line and side

在浓 淡 干 湿 焦
and different ink dryness

这五色的墨色的变化下
with the changes in the five degree of the ink

和富有概括的色彩的辅助下
and with the help of generalized color

表达主体
to express the artist subject’s

对宇宙万物生成模式的
understanding of

认识和体会
the universe's all-generation model

揭示审美主体
Reveal the aesthetic subject

冥合宇宙生命精神
Consolidate the spirit of the universe

和天地旋律的奥秘
and the mystery of the melody of nature

这就是中国山水画
This is Chinese landscape painting’s

终级的表现内容
Final performance content

和表现的基本特点
and basic characteristics of performance

这种表现之特别材料之特殊
The special material of this performance

已经成为中国山水画的
Has become a Chinese landscape painting

基本特征
Basic Features

笔墨表现中所蕴含的法则
The rules contained in the performance of brush and ink

在用运笔的方式 力度追求
Pursue in the way of using the brush

墨色的变化 形态的控制
The change in ink and the control of form

情趣的表达上都有一定要求
There are certain requirements in the expression of interest

并有一定的难度
and certain difficulty

与运用水墨材料
Which has strict distinction between

随意涂抹有严格的区分
random application with treating ink as material

笔墨有如此高妙的功能
Brush and ink have such a wonderful function

唐宋元以来无数画家
Countless painters since the Tang and Song Dynasties

对此都有深刻的体验
Have a deep experience with this

并形成了一定的审美法则
and formed a certain aesthetic law

这些法则在用笔的质量
The quality of these rules in the use of brush

力度追求 墨色变化
has certain requirements

笔势的关系均有一定的要求
with the strength pursuit of ink and gestures changes

其表现性在历史画家
Its expressiveness got extremely rich summary and induction

创造性的艺术实践的基础上
Based on creative artistic practice

得到了
By artists in generations

极为丰富的总结与归纳
from history

这些资源就是我们今天
These resources are what today we can

直接可以继承的
Directly inherited

刚才我讲的是
What I just talked is

关于中国山水画的一些
about related theoretical issues

相关的理论问题
in Chinese landscape painting

在理论的问题上
On theoretical issues

我们今后还可以看看
We can also take a look at

相关的文本
related books

详细了解中国艺术的精神
Learn more about the spirit of Chinese art

和中国文化的核心点
and the core point of Chinese culture

以及包括中国笔墨
including the expression form of

表达形式的
Chinese brush and ink

这么一系列的很多画论
A lot of painting theory in this series

那么这些都是我们课外
Then these are our extra books

需要辅助读的一些文本
some textbooks that need to be read

接下来我们将有一个
Next we will have a

互动的一个环节
a section of Q&A

同学们有哪些问题
what questions you guys may have

现在可以我们做一下讨论
we can have some talk

老师 当代油画风景
Mr. Han, in contemporary western landscape painting

也出现了主观表现
It also occurred subjective expression

与写意抽象的风格
and free hand abstract style

那它和中国山水画的区别
Then does it have difference between it
and Chinese landscape painting

还存在吗
Is it still there

西方当代绘画呢
Western contemporary painting

强调了主观内心的表达
Emphasizes the expression of subjective inner feelings

和我们那个中国绘画的
with our Chinese painting

有趋同的一面
Have a convergence

但是我认为还是有很大区别
But I think there is still a big difference

因为首先是材料的不同
because the material is so different first

宣纸 笔墨和油画布与油彩
Rice paper, ink and canvas vs oil paint

这材料就有很大区分
This material different has made a big difference

在人文精神这一块
when talk about the humanity part

中西方的人文精神
Chinese and Western humanistic spirit

有很大差异
Got huge difference too

中国文化的核心点
the core of Chinese culture

是天人合一
is to combine nature and beings

是追求中庸的一种把握
is a kind of understanding of Zhong yong

所以说
So

这个和西方的人文精神
This is what so different in humanistic spirit

差异很大
between each other

表达的绘画的内涵
The meaning of the painting expression

就有很大区别
There is a big difference also

在表现方法上
In terms of performance

中西方尽管都表现
Both Chinese and Western got intention on

主观的情怀
subjective feelings

那么中国的表现方法
But China’s expression method

它是把大千事物
it shifted all nature objects

和感官的东西
and sensation

都转换成为一种笔墨形式
into a form of ink and brush

那么这个笔墨形式
Thus this brush and ink form

是一种比较抽象的一种结构
is more like a abstract structure

但是它往往
but it often

它还要借助一些物象的东西
It also needs to take advantage of some object things

所以说中国画的造形观
So we say, the wonderful view of form in Chinese painting

是妙在似与不似
is somewhere between Similarity and Dissimilarity

和西方的绝对抽象
which has many difference between

和绝对的具像还是有差别的
western absolute abstract

这就是
Thus

尽管都是表达审美主体
Although they are all expressing Subjective initiative

主观的能动性
from the aesthetic subjects

起着决定的作用
and it plays a decisive role

但是主体不一样
but when the subjects and

表达方式不一样
their expression method changed

材料不一样
when the material is different

那么西方的现代绘画
Then the discrepancy

和中国的山水画
between Chinese and western

还是有很大区别
start to show up

请问老师
If I may ask

为什么山水画能够成为
Why can the landscape painting become

中国画的典型代表
Typical representative of Chinese painting

中国山水画
Chinese landscape painting

在整个世界来看
From the point of whole world

就是中国绘画的
is a typical form

典型的一个形式
of Chinese painting

也是代表
and typical representation

那么这原因是
this is because

中国山水画
in Chinese landscape painting

画家的成熟表现
The artist’s mature performance

和它悠远的历史进程
the historical process with it

它的表现的方法多样性
and methodological diversity of its expression

和那么有厚度的一个总结
and a summary of such thickness

它比中国的人物画
compare to Chinese figure painting

和中国的花鸟画
and flower-bird painting

都十分的充分和全面
it’s more well-developed and comprehensive

所以说呢这个中国山水画
So, this Chinese landscape painting

它在表述中国人文情怀
It expresses Chinese humanistic feelings

表达心灵世界的时候
When expressing the spiritual world

它表现方法的全面
Comprehensive presentation of its methods

里程之长 创造的面貌之多
with such long term creations and various styles

已经成为中国绘画历史上
has already became the major subject

相当长的一段的
in Chinese art history

画坛的一个主要的科目
for a long time

人物画和花鸟画
Both figure paintings and flower-bird paintings

它都是没有一个
they don’t have

像山水画这样
a such consistent one

一而贯之的这样一个
Like a landscape painting

尤其是近代黄宾虹山水画
Especially like Huang Binhong’s landscape paintings

他能够最透彻的表达
He is the most thoroughly expressed

我们中国艺术精神
our Chinese art spirit

尤其是老庄精神
Especially the spirit of Lao Zhuang

他在艺术形式上表达的是
He is the most well-developed painter

最为充分的一个画家
in his territory

那么纵观历史
If we take a look at history

各科目的画家
Painters from different subject

我们统一来看
In general

成熟的表达
Most mature expression

大多都是山水画家的表述
Most of them are representations of landscape painters

所以说整个世界来看
So from the whole world point of view

看中国山水画
When we look at Chinese landscape painting

就看到了中国画的缩影
I saw the epitome of Chinese painting

中国画的本质
with the essence of Chinese painting

在山水画表达的最为充分
The most abundant expression always could
be found in landscape painting

从这个意义上讲
In this sense

中国山水画
Chinese landscape painting

是中国画的典型代表
Is a typical representative of Chinese painting