当前课程知识点:传统民俗与中华艺术 > Unit 6 Architectural Art > 6.2 Courtyard House > Courtyard House
大家好 欢迎来到课堂
今天我们谈一谈四合院
北京四合院
作为老北京人世代居住的主要建筑形式
驰名中外 世人皆知
四合院的“四”字
表示的是东南西北四面
“合”是围在一起的意思
也就是说
四合院是由四面的房屋或围墙围起来的
根据封建宗法礼教
按照南北中轴线
对称布局房屋和院落
北京四合院
是北方地区住宅的典型
它以院落为特征
从空间布局来看
主人地位不同 建筑面积及方位也不同
从房屋结构来看
有两进院 三进院
四进院或五进院
一般来说
标准的北京四合院依
东西向的胡同
而坐北朝南
包括北房 南房
和东 西两边的厢房
四周再围以高墙形成四合
大门位于围墙东南角的“巽”位
北房五间房 南屋四间房
东 西厢房三间房
全部面积约200平方米共17间房
四合院中间是庭院
院落宽敞 庭院中植树栽花
是人们穿行 采光
休息和从事家务劳动的场所
北京四合院
讲究绿化
院内种树栽花 幽雅宜人
老北京爱种的花有丁香
海棠 榆叶梅 山桃花等等
树多是枣树 槐树
盆栽或水养植物
最常见的是石榴树 夹竹桃
金桂 银桂 杜鹃 梔子等等
种植石榴
是取石榴“多子”之义
至于草茉莉 凤仙花
牵牛花 扁豆花 则更是四合院的家常美景了
清代有句俗语
形容四合院内的生活
“天棚 鱼缸 石榴树
老爷 肥狗 胖丫头”
可以说是
旧时四合院生活典型的写照
北京四合院
朴素 实用
色彩以灰色屋顶和青砖为主
在规制中 它也体现出和北京城相同的
尊卑分明
秩序井然和雍容大度
今天就到这里
谢谢收看 再见
-1.1 Chinese knot
-1.2 The panda
-1.3 Cheongsam
-1.4 The Great Wall
-1.5 Confucius
-1.6 Four Great Inventions of Ancient China
-1.7 Kung Fu
--Kung Fu
-1.8 Traditional Chinese Medicine
--Traditional Chinese Medicine
-Unit 1 test
--第一单元测验
-Discussion questions
--讨论题
-2.1 Baozi
--Baozi
-2.2 The Tea Ceremony
-2.3 Tangyuan
--Tangyuan
-2.4 Sugar Figurine
-2.5 Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick
--Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick
-2.6 The Alcohol
-2.7 Chinese Eight Cuisines
-2.8 Bowls and Chopsticks
-2.9 Hot-Pot
--Hot-Pot
-2.10 Dumplings
-Unit 2 test
--第二单元测验
-Discussion questions
--讨论题
-3.1 Xiangsheng
-3.2 Chinese Characters
-3.3 Chinese Dialect Groups
-3.4 Chinese Opera
-Unit 3 test
--第三单元测试
-Discussion questions
--讨论题
-4.1 The Poetry in the Tang Dynasty
--The Poetry in the Tang Dynasty
-4.2 The Poetry in the Song and Yuan Dynasties
--The Poetry in the Song and Yuan Dynasties
-4.3 Chinese Historical Tales
-4.4 Chinese Fable
-4.5 Modern Chinese Novels
-4.6 Chinese Painting
-4.7 Flower Arrangement
-4.8 The Art of Calligraphy
-4.9 Bada Shanren
-4.10 Xiang Qi ,the Chinese Chess
-4.11 Weiqi
--Weiqi
-4.12 Lion Dance
-4.13 Chinese Folk Music
-Unit 4 test
--第四单元测试
-Discussion questions
--讨论题
-5.1 The Spring Festival
-5.2 Lantern Festival
-5.3 Tomb Sweeping Day
-5.4 Dragon Boat Festival
-5.5 Qixi Festival
-5.6 The Mid-Autumn Festival
-5.7 Double Ninth Festival
-5.8 The Laba Festival
-Unit 5 Test
--Test
-Discussion questions
-6.1 Chinese Gardens
-6.2 Courtyard House
-6.3 Hutong
--Hutong
-6.4 Huizhou Architecture
-6.5 Buddhist temples and pagodas
--Buddhist temples and pagodas
-6.6 Chinese palaces
-6.7 Zhaozhou Bridge
-6.8 Buildings of Classical Learning Academies
--Buildings of Classical Learning Academies
-6.9 Memorial Archway
-Unit 6 Test
--Unit 6 Test
-Discussion questions
-7.1 Terracotta Warriors
-7.2 The Potala Palace
-7.3 Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang
-7.4 Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang City
--Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang City
-7.5 Shaolin Monastery
-7.6 The Forbidden City
-7.7 Temple of Heaven
-7.8 Chengde Mountain Resort in Chengde
--Chengde Mountain Resort in Chengde
-7.9 Pingyao
--Pingyao
-7.10 Lijiang Old Town
--LIjiang
-Unit 7 Test
--Unit 7 Test
-Discussion questions
-8.1 Jade burial suit
-8.2 Bianzhong
-8.3 Four-goats Square Zun
-8.4 Along the River During the Qingming Festival
--Along the River During the Qingming Festival
-Unit 8 Test
--Unit 8 Test
-Discussion questions
-9.1 Table Manners
-9.2 Birthday Celebration Customs
--Birthday Celebration Customs
-9.3 Chinese Wedding and Funeral Custom
--Chinese Wedding and Funeral Custom
-9.4 Honor the Teacher and Stress Education
--Honor the Teacher and Stress Education
-9.5 Social Etiquette
-9.6 Secretive Twelve Chinese Zodiac Signs
--Secretive Twelve Chinese Zodiac Signs
-9.7 Filial Piety
-9.8 Worship Rituals
-9.9 Gift Culture
-9.10 Temple Fair
-9.11 Honesty and Trustworthiness
-9.12 Hundred Family Surnames
-9.13 Family Roots
-9.14 The Spring Festival Couplets
--The Spring Festival Couplets
-9.15 The Spring Festival Pictures
--The Spring Festival Pictures
-9.16 Exchanging Red Envelopes
-Unit 9 Test
--Unit 9 Test
-Discussion questions
-10.1 Chinese Paper Cutting
-10.2 Printing and Dyeing
-10.3 Porcelain
-10.4 Chinese Kite
-10.5 Colorful Lantern
-10.6 Folk Toys
-10.7 Writing Brush
-10.8 The Art of Seals
-10.9 Chinese Embroidery
-10.10 Stone Carving
-10.11 Abacus
--Abacus
-10.12 Seal Carving
-10.13 The Shadow Puppetry
-10.14 Beijing Dough Figurines
-Unit 10 Test
--Unit 10 Test
-Discussion questions
-11.1 Mount Tai
-11.2 Mount Huangshan
-11.3 Mount Wutai
-11.4 Qomolangma
-11.5 Zhangjiajie Forest Park
-11.6 Guilin Scenery
-11.7 JiuZhaigou
-11.8 Hulunbeier Grassland
-11.9 Huang guoshu Waterfall
-11.10 Gulangyu
--Gulangyu
-11.11 West lake
-- West lake
-11.12 Qinghai Lake
-11.13 Mount Lushan
-Unit 11 Test
--Unit 11 Test
-Discussion questions