当前课程知识点:Medical Nursing > Unit 3 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part Three) > Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome > Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients
大家好
上节课 我们学习了不同类型的
呼吸衰竭的发病机制和病因
大家可能会疑惑
不同类型的呼吸衰竭是怎样进行分类的呢
接下来 我将为大家讲解
呼吸衰竭是如何分类的
有哪些临床表现
以及如何诊断和治疗
首先 我和大家讨论的是呼吸衰竭的分类
第一种分类方式是按照血气分析进行分类
如果病人只有缺氧而无二氧化碳潴留
动脉血氧分压低于60mmHg
二氧化碳分压降低或正常
那么就是l型呼衰
II 型呼衰是
缺氧伴二氧化碳潴留
动脉血氧分压低于60mmHg
二氧化碳分压高于50mmHg
大家看这位病人的检查结果
应该是哪种类型的呼衰呢
第二种分类方式是按照发病急缓进行分类
可以将呼衰可分为急性和慢性呼衰
急性呼衰指原来的呼吸功能正常
但是由于上述病因的突发或迅速发展
造成通气或换气功能严重损害
在短时间内引起呼吸衰竭
慢性呼衰指一些慢性疾病
包括呼吸系统和神经肌肉系统疾病等
导致呼吸功能损害逐渐加重
经过较长时间才发展为呼衰
第三种分类方式按照发病机制进行分类
呼吸衰竭可分为
泵衰竭和肺衰竭
泵衰竭
是由神经肌肉病变引起
以II型呼衰为主
肺衰竭是由呼吸器官病变
如气道 肺和胸膜病等官病变引起的
表现为I型或II型呼衰
那么
呼吸衰竭的临床表现有哪些呢
接下来我们和大家一起学习
呼吸衰竭 顾名思义
首先肯定有呼吸困难的症状出现
由于缺氧 出现口唇 指甲和舌头紫绀
还可出现 精神神经症状
狂躁 昏迷 抽搐等
二氧化碳潴留还可以引起肺性脑病的表现
此外
病人还会表现出血液循环系统症状
严重缺氧和二氧化碳潴留
可致肺动脉高压
发生右心衰 出现体循环淤血征
二氧化碳潴留也会使外周静脉充盈
皮肤充血红润 温暖多汗
血压上升
严重缺氧及酸中毒
可致心肌损害以及周围循环衰竭
当发生急性严重呼衰时候
部分病人会出现应激性溃疡
最后导致上消化道出血
美国人Petty
关于呼衰12种临床表现
总结如下
第一类是中枢神经系统表现:
不安 精神错乱 头痛
第二类是循环系统表现: 心动过速 低血压
第三类是代谢性碱中毒的表现:多汗 肌肉震颤
第四类是呼吸系统表现:
中心性紫绀 呼吸肌疲劳造成的胸廓扩张无力
呼吸抑制表现为浅慢呼吸
严重情况下病人还会出现瞳孔缩小
意识丧失
那么
我们如何诊断呼衰呢
主要是根据动脉血气分析来明确诊断
病人表现为
在海平面正常大气压 静息状态 呼吸空气条件下
动脉血氧分压低于60mmHg
或伴有二氧化碳分压高于50mmHg
并排除心内解剖分流和原发于心排血量降低的因素
就可以诊断为呼吸衰竭
所以诊断呼衰的步骤是
第一 根据有无
慢性支气管 肺疾病或胸廓疾病
或其他导致呼吸功能障碍的病史
第二 是否有缺氧
和 或二氧化碳潴留的表现
第三
动脉血气分析是否有氧分压降低
二氧化碳分压升高
当二氧化碳升高
PH大于等于7.35
称为代偿性呼吸性酸中毒
相反当PH小于7.35
称为失代偿性酸中毒
当出现呼衰时
首先该怎么做
其处理原则是什么
毫无疑问
首先是在保持呼吸道通畅的条件下改善
通气功能和氧合功能
纠正缺氧和二氧化碳潴溜
以及代谢功能紊乱
防治多器官功能损害
为基础疾病和诱因的治疗争取时间和创造条件
如何保持呼吸道通畅呢
那么就需要清除呼吸道分泌物及异物
对于昏迷病人
采用仰头提颏法
打开气道和口
遵医嘱使用药物
缓解支气管痉挛
如果上述方法不能有效
保持气道通畅的话
就需要建立人工气道
任何类型的呼吸衰竭都会存在低氧血症
故氧疗是呼衰的重要治疗措施
不同类型的呼衰
其氧疗指征
和给氧方法不同
原则是
II型呼衰
采用低浓度持续给氧
I型呼衰
采用较高浓度吸氧
氧浓度高于百分之三十五
急性呼衰的
给氧原则是
在保证PaO2迅速提高到60mmHg或在SpO2达百分之九十以上的前提下
尽量降低吸氧浓度
我相信大家都知道怎么计算氧流量的吧
好 让我们来看第三种治疗方法
通过使用呼吸兴奋剂
增加通气量减少CO2潴留
使用前提是保持呼吸道通畅
因脑缺氧 脑水肿而出现频繁抽搐者要慎用
病人的呼吸肌功能应基本正常
不可突然停药
呼吸兴奋剂主要用于
以中枢抑制为主所致的呼衰
不应用于
以换气功能障碍为主所致的呼衰
增加通气量 减少CO2潴留的另一种方式
是机械通气
但是
此法适用于
呼衰严重
经上述方法处理也不能有效地
改善缺氧和CO2潴留的病人
可以使用面罩或人工气道的方法
比如气管插管和气管切开
对于有意识障碍
II型呼衰
呼吸不规则及肺功能不全的病人 则用人工气道
呼吸机通气模式有两种类型
一种是定压型
适用于病情轻有自主呼吸的病人
另一种是定容型
要求气道全封闭
即需气管插管或气管切开
适用于肺顺应性低
即呼吸肌疲劳
气管阻力增加
无自主呼吸的病人
定容型呼吸机
可使病人呼吸功的消耗减到0
使用1-2天后
改用定压型呼吸机
使用氧疗时候
也很容易引起并发症
如肺氧中毒
其危险程度
与肺泡气氧分压
及应用时间长短有关
第二种是
全身氧中毒
会增加气道压力
易致肺损伤
和循环功能抑制等
第四种治疗方法
是抗感染及病因治疗
选择敏感抗生素即
作用强 少用的
最有效的适量抗生素
联合用药
静脉给药
疗程长
在治疗时
要注意双重感染
第五
纠正酸碱失衡和电解质紊乱
除去引起代谢性酸中毒的诱因
运用碱性药物
正确纠正低钾 低氯
低循环血量
是治疗顽固性代谢性酸中毒的
3个基本环节
对于轻度呼吸性碱中毒的病人
需要调节通气量
纠正缺氧 纠正诱因
对于重度呼吸性碱中毒病人
则需补充氯化钾或其他氯化物
三重型酸碱紊乱
即一种呼吸性酸碱失衡的同时
合并代谢性酸中毒
和代谢性碱中毒
需要原发病治疗
针对主要矛盾采取相应措施
使三重紊乱
转为二重紊乱
再转化为单纯性酸碱失衡
同时
避免医源性病因
合理应用利尿剂 激素
呼吸通气量等
原则上
代谢性碱中毒合并低钠血症的治疗
以补充氯化钾为主
长期厌食
限盐 低血钾造成的
代谢性碱中毒患者
可适当补充氯化钠
补钠量
等于体重
乘以0.6乘以140
减去测得的血清钠
但我们只取三分之一到二分之一的补钠量
进行静脉滴注
第六 关于重要脏器功能的监测与支持
重症患者应该进入ICU
进行积极抢救和监测来预防和治疗
肺动脉高压 肺心病
肺性脑病 肾功能不全
和消化道功能障碍
预防多器官功能障碍综合征
最后 呼衰患者的营养支持
在抢救时常规鼻饲
高蛋白 高脂肪 低碳水化合物
以及多种维生素 微量元素饮食
呼衰病人的营养十分重要
热量供应大于
12.54千焦每千克 大约30千卡每公斤每天
碳水化合物占百分之四十五到百分之五十
蛋白质占百分之十五到百分之二十
脂肪占百分之三十到百分之三十五
关于呼吸衰竭我们今天就学习到这里
下节课我将为大家讲解急性呼吸窘迫综合征
它和呼衰有什么区别和联系呢
大家可以提前预习
那我们下节课再见 谢谢
-Introduction to Medical Nursing
--Introduction to Medical Nursing
--Introduction to Medical Nursing
-Chapter 1 Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Pneumonia
--Overview of pneumonia
--Streptococcal Pneumonia
--Other types of pneumonia
--The quality and color of sputum
--Care of Patients with Pneumonia
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Lung Abscess
--Introduction of lung abscess
--Introduction of lung abscess
--Treatment and nursing of lung abscess
--Treatment and care of nursing abscess
--Care of Patients with Lung Abscess
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)
--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Oxygen
--Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma
--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma
--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma
--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma
--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma
--Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease
--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination
--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination
--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma
-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion
--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion
--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion
--Determination of the nature of pleural effusion
--Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion
-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure
--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure
--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients
--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients
--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure
--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure
--Care of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
-Unit Test: Respiratory System
-Unit Assignment: Respiratory System
-Chapter 1 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Heart Failure
--Overview of heart failure
--Chronic heart failure (1)
--Chronic heart failure (2)
--Acute heart failure
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Arrhythmia
--Overview of arrhythmia
--Sick sinus syndrome
--Supraventricular tachycardia
--Supraventricular tachycardia
--Atrial fibrillation
--Ventricular tachycardia
--Atrioventricular block
--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia
--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
--Overview of coronary heart disease
--Overview of coronary heart disease
--Stable angina pectoris
--Unstable angina pectoris
--Acute myocardial infarction (1)
--Acute myocardial infarction (1)
--Acute myocardial infarction (2)
--Acute myocardial infarction (2)
--Acute myocardial infarction (3)
--Acute myocardial infarction (3)
--Difference between angina pectoris and myocardial infarction
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hypertension
--Primary hypertension (1)
--Primary hypertension (2)
--Safe nursing for patients with hypertension
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Myocardial Diseases
--Myocardial Diseases (1)
--Myocardial Diseases (2)
--Myocardial Diseases (3)
-Unit Assignment: Cardiovascular System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Digestive System
--Overview of digestive system(I)
--Overview of digestive system(I)
--Overview of digestive system(II)
--Overview of digestive system(II)
--Overview of Digestive System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulcer
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulce
--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer
--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer
--Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cirrhosis
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cir
--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis
--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis
--Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopath
--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of hepatic encephalopathy
--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of he
-- Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
--Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
-Unit Test: Digestive System
-Unit Assignment: Digestive System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Urinary System
--Overview of Urinary System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Acute Glomerulonephritis
-- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Chronic Glomerulonephritis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome
--Nephrotic Syndrome
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Unit Assignment: Urinary System
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
-Chapter 1 Overview of Hematologic System
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
-Chapter 2 Overview of Anemia
--Overview of Anemia
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia
--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia
--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia
--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia
--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia
--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia
--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia
--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia
--Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia
--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia
--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia
--Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Diseases
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Leukemia
--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia
--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia
--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia
--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia
--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia
--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia
--Nursing of acute leukemia(I)
--Nursing of acute leukemia(II)
--Nursing of acute leukemia
--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia
--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia
--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia
--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia
--Care of Patients with Leukemia
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Lymphoma
--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma
--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma
--Care of Patients with Lymphoma
-Unit Test: Hematologic System
-Unit Assignment: Hematologic System
-Chapter1 Overview of Endocrine ystem
--Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System
-Chapter2 Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 2
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism2
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
-Chapter3 Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
-Chapter4 Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus1
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 1
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus2
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
-Unit Review: Endocrine System
--Unit Assignment: Endocrine System
--Unit Test: Endocrine System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Infectious Diseases
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Rabies
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care for patients with cholera
-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2
--Care for patients with schistosome
-Chapter 11 Care of Patients with COVID-19
--Care of Patients with COVID-19
--Care of Patients with COVID-19
-Chapter 12 Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
-Unit Test: Infectious Diseases
--Unit Test: infective disease
-Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases
--Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases
-Chapter 1 Overview of Nervous System Diseases
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 1)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 2)
--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
--Transient Ischemic Attack
--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)
--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Epilepsy
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease
-Unit Assignment: Nervous System
--Unit Assignment: Nervous System