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Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好

这节课开始 我们一起来学习

血液系统的一个很常见的疾病

缺铁性贫血

我们将从以下几个方面进行讲述

缺铁性贫血概述 铁代谢

缺铁性贫血的病因 临床表现 辅助检查

和诊断

缺铁性贫血(IDA)是一种小细胞低色素性贫血

由于

机体对铁的需求与供给失衡

导致体内贮存铁耗尽

继之红细胞内铁缺乏

血红蛋白合成减少而引起的

我们知道铁离子和原卟啉结合 形成血红素

血红素和珠蛋白结合 形成血红蛋白

铁是合成血红蛋白必需的原料

那么 缺铁一定会引起缺铁性贫血的发生吗

显然不是

机体铁的缺乏

可分为三个阶段

缺铁 缺铁性红细胞生成和缺铁性贫血

只有当人体贮存铁耗尽

影响红细胞生成

导致红细胞和血红蛋白浓度

低于正常

才会导致缺铁性贫血的发生

我们看一下缺铁性贫血的流行病学特点

缺铁性贫血是最常见的贫血

全球约6-7亿人患病

好发于经济不发达的国家和地区

尤以婴幼儿及育龄妇女多见

从这张图片可以看出

孕妇和儿童缺铁性贫血的发病率

是成年男性的2-4倍

铁在体内是如何代谢的呢

首先 我们来学习铁在体内的分布

铁在体内分布广泛

大致可分为功能状态铁和储存铁

功能状态铁当中 血红蛋白铁占百分之六十七

其他形式的功能状态铁有 肌红蛋白铁 转铁蛋白铁

乳铁蛋白 酶和辅因子中的铁

贮存铁 包括铁蛋白和含铁血黄素

男性体内铁蛋白约1000毫克

女性则只有300至400毫克

所以

女性比男性更容易发生缺铁

既然铁在人体内发挥重要作用

那么 我们需要了解铁的来源主要有哪些

正常人每天用于造血的铁约为20至25毫克

主要来自被破坏的红细胞

每天从食物吸收1至2毫克的铁

孕妇则需要2至4毫克铁

含铁丰富的食物有

动物性食品如肉类 动物血 蛋黄

以及豆类 海带 木耳 香菇 紫菜等

主要经哪些部位吸收呢

铁摄入后

铁主要吸收部位在十二指肠及空肠上段

影响铁吸收的因素很多

胃酸和维生素C 可以促进铁吸收

而茶 咖啡 牛奶

及抗酸药物则抑制铁的吸收

缺铁时铁吸收率

较不缺铁时增加

此外 食物铁的状态

也会影响铁的吸收

动物性食品铁的吸收率

高达20%

植物类铁的吸收率则低得多

铁被吸收后是如何被人体利用

在体内储存和排泄的呢

我们来看看下面这张图片

饮食中的铁在十二指肠被吸收后

与血浆中的运输工具-转铁蛋白-结合

被输送至各组织

主要是骨髓内的幼红细胞中

参与造血

少部分运输到肌肉

生成肌红蛋白

剩余的铁

包括红细胞破坏后的铁

储存在

肝 脾 骨髓的单核-吞噬细胞系统中

以铁蛋白和含铁血黄素的形式

少量铁

可随着肠道细胞

尿道细胞和皮肤细胞的脱落而丢失

育龄妇女还可丢失铁

通过月经 妊娠 哺乳

哪些原因可以导致

储存铁耗尽

进而发生缺铁性贫血呢

下面我们来学习缺铁性贫血的病因

主要有三个方面的原因

其一需铁量增加而摄入不足

这多见于婴幼儿 青少年

妊娠和哺乳期的妇女

比如

婴幼儿生长速度快 需铁量大

若不及时从辅食中补充含铁丰富的食物

易发生缺铁

第二是铁吸收障碍

见于胃大部切除术后

胃酸分泌不足

食物快速进入空肠

使铁吸收减少

铁吸收障碍由于

长期腹泻 慢性肠炎 克罗恩病

等造成胃肠功能紊乱导致

第三是铁丢失过多

见于慢性胃肠道失血

如痔 溃疡 肿瘤

钩虫病等

女性月经过多 咯血 血红蛋白尿等

也会导致铁丢失过多

缺铁性贫血是小细胞低色素性贫血

由于体内贮存铁缺乏引起的

患者会有什么样的表现呢

下面我们一起来学习

缺铁性贫血多呈慢性经过

其临床表现包括

原发病的表现和贫血的表现

首先是原发病的表现

由消化道溃疡 肿瘤 痔导致的

如黑便 血便 腹部不适

肠道寄生虫感染所致的腹痛或大便性状改变

女性月经过多 慢性消耗性疾病引起的消瘦等

贫血的表现

有一般贫血共有的表现

如面色苍白 乏力 困倦 头晕 头痛 眼花 失眠 心悸

气短 心率增快 纳差等

另外

还包括贫血特殊的表现

即组织缺铁表现

和神经 精神异常

组织缺铁表现

首先是粘膜损害

表现为口腔炎 舌炎 舌乳头萎缩

Plummer-Vinson综合征

即食管粘膜蹼状改变 病人表现为吞咽困难

以及胃肠功能紊乱等

组织缺铁第二个方面表现是营养缺乏

如毛发干枯 脱落

皮肤干皱 指甲扁平 薄脆易裂

甚至出现中央凹陷

称为匙状甲

缺铁性贫血第二个方面表现

是神经 精神系统异常

表现为过度兴奋 烦躁 易怒

异食癖如喜吃泥土 煤渣等

图片所示这个五岁小孩

就是每天从自家墙上抠泥吃 已经挖出了一个大洞

严重时缺铁性贫血的儿童

还可出现生长发育迟缓和智力低下

下面我们来看看 需做哪些辅助检查

第一个必做的检查

是血象的检查

缺铁性贫血典型血象

呈小细胞低色素性贫血

我们可以看到血片中红细胞

体积小

中央淡染区扩大

还可见不规则形态的红细胞

网织红细胞计数大多正常

白细胞计数和血小板

正常或轻度减低

我们来看看这张检查结果单

该患者血红蛋白浓度 平均红细胞体积

和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量

明显低于正常

骨髓象显示增生活跃或明显活跃

以红系增生为主

红系中以中幼 晚幼红细胞为主

体积小 染色体致密

有血红蛋白形成不良的表现 而胞浆少

称为“老核幼浆”现象

对怀疑缺铁性贫血的患者

骨髓片还要做铁染色

骨髓小粒中无含铁血黄素颗粒

也就是

细胞外铁 幼红细胞中铁小粒

减少或消失

铁粒幼细胞少于15%

骨髓铁染色反应

单核-吞噬细胞系统中的储存铁

因此 这可以作为

诊断缺铁的金指标

第三个检查是铁代谢的检查

血清铁(SI)低于8. 95μmol/L

总铁结合力(TIBC)高于64.44μmol/L

血清铁蛋白(SF)小于12μg/L

是早期诊断铁缺乏的一个常用指标

转铁蛋白饱和度(TS)降低 小于15%

第四个检查是红细胞卟啉代谢检查

因铁减少

红细胞游离卟啉增高

大于 0.9μmol/L

锌原卟啉(ZPP)增高

游离卟啉与血红蛋白的比值增高

以上均表示血红素合成障碍

除了见于缺铁性贫血

也可见于铅中毒 慢性感染 炎症

恶性肿瘤和铁幼粒细胞性贫血

第五个需要做的检查是血清转铁蛋白受体测定

这是反映缺铁性红细胞生成的最佳指标

一般浓度大于26.5mmol/L

可诊断为缺铁

接下来我们看一看

如何做出缺铁性贫血的诊断

根据

病人存在导致缺铁性贫血的原因

结合病人的临床表现

及相关实验室检查结果

可作出初步的临床诊断

在诊断缺铁性贫血的同时

还必须作出病因诊断

只有明确病因

才可根治

如胃肠道疾病

多次做大便潜血

必要时做X线和内镜检查

月经过多的女性应做详细的妇科检查

以找出缺铁的原因

这次课的学习就到这里

大家可以思考以下几个问题

缺铁性贫血是什么类型的贫血

哪些原因可导致缺铁性贫血发生

缺铁性贫血特殊临床表现有些什么

缺铁性贫血的血象和骨髓象特点是什么

反映铁缺乏有哪些指标

下次课 我们将继续学习

缺铁性贫血的治疗和护理

谢谢大家 再见

Medical Nursing课程列表:

Unit 1 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part One)

-Introduction to Medical Nursing

--Introduction to Medical Nursing

--Introduction to Medical Nursing

-Chapter 1 Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Pneumonia

--Overview of pneumonia

--Overview of pneumonia

--Streptococcal Pneumonia

--Streptococcal Pneumonia

--Other types of pneumonia

--Other types of pneumonia

--The quality and color of sputum

--Care of Patients with Pneumonia

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Lung Abscess

--Introduction of lung abscess

--Introduction of lung abscess

--Treatment and nursing of lung abscess

--Treatment and care of nursing abscess

--Care of Patients with Lung Abscess

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)

--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)

--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis

--Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Unit 2 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis

--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis

--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis

--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

--Oxygen

--Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma

--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma

--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma

--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma

--Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma

-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease

--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease

--Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease

Unit 3 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part Three)

-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination

--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination

--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma

--Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma

-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion

--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations

--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations

--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion

--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion

--Determination of the nature of pleural effusion

--Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion

-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure

--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure

--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients

--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients

--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure

--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome

--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure

--Care of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

-Unit Test: Respiratory System

-Unit Assignment: Respiratory System

Unit 4 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases

--Overview of Cardiovascular System

--Overview of Cardiovascular System

--Overview of Cardiovascular System

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Heart Failure

--Overview of heart failure

--Overview of heart failure

--Chronic heart failure (1)

--Chronic heart failure (1)

--Chronic heart failure (2)

--Chronic heart failure (2)

--Acute heart failure

--Acute heart failure

--Heart Failure

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Arrhythmia

--Overview of arrhythmia

--Overview of arrhythmia

--Sick sinus syndrome

--Sick sinus syndrome

--Supraventricular tachycardia

--Supraventricular tachycardia

--Atrial fibrillation

--Atrial fibrillation

--Ventricular tachycardia

--Ventricular tachycardia

--Atrioventricular block

--Atrioventricular block

--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia

--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia

--Cardiac arrhythmia

Unit 5 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

--Overview of coronary heart disease

--Overview of coronary heart disease

--Stable angina pectoris

--Stable angina pectoris

--Unstable angina pectoris

--Unstable angina pectoris

--Acute myocardial infarction (1)

--Acute myocardial infarction (1)

--Acute myocardial infarction (2)

--Acute myocardial infarction (2)

--Acute myocardial infarction (3)

--Acute myocardial infarction (3)

--Coronary Artery Disease

--Difference between angina pectoris and myocardial infarction

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hypertension

--Primary hypertension (1)

--Primary hypertension (1)

--Primary hypertension (2)

--Primary hypertension (2)

--Primary hypertension

--Safe nursing for patients with hypertension

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Myocardial Diseases

--Myocardial Diseases (1)

--Myocardial Diseases (1)

--Myocardial Diseases (2)

--Myocardial Diseases (2)

--Myocardial Diseases (3)

--Myocardial Diseases (3)

--Myocardial Diseases

-Unit Assignment: Cardiovascular System

Unit 6 Care of Patients with Digestive System Diseases

-Chapter 1 Overview of Digestive System

--Overview of digestive system(I)

--Overview of digestive system(I)

--Overview of digestive system(II)

--Overview of digestive system(II)

--Overview of Digestive System

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulcer

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulce

--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer

--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer

--Recurrence of peptic ulcer

--Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cirrhosis

--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cir

--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis

--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis

--Cirrhosis

--Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy

--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopath

--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of hepatic encephalopathy

--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of he

-- Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)

--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

--Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

-Unit Test: Digestive System

-Unit Assignment: Digestive System

Unit 7 Care of Patients with Urinary System Diseases

-Chapter 1 Overview of Urinary System

--Overview of Urinary System

--Overview of Urinary System

--Overview of Urinary System

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases

--Acute Glomerulonephritis

--Acute Glomerulonephritis

-- Acute Glomerulonephritis

-- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

--Chronic Glomerulonephritis

--Chronic Glomerulonephritis

--Chronic Glomerulonephritis

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

--Nephrotic Syndrome

--Nephrotic Syndrome

--Nephrotic Syndrome

Unit 8 Care of Patients with Urinary System Diseases

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

--Unit Assignment: Urinary System

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Unit 9 Care of Patients with Hematologic and Hemopoietic System Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Overview of Hematologic System

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)

--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)

-Chapter 2 Overview of Anemia

--Overview of Anemia

--Overview of Anemia

--Overview of Anemia

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia

--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia

--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia

--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia

--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia

--Nutrition and Anemia

--Iron Deficiency Anemia (I)

--Iron Deficiency Anemia(II)

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia

--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia

--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia

--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia

--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia

--Pancytopenia

--Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia

--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia

--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia

--Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia

Unit 10 Care of Patients with Hematologic and Hemopoietic System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Diseases

--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases

--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases

--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura

--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura

--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases

--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura

-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Leukemia

--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia

--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia

--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia

--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia

--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia

--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia

--Nursing of acute leukemia(I)

--Nursing of acute leukemia(II)

--Nursing of acute leukemia

--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia

--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia

--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia

--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia

--Bone Pain

--Care of Patients with Leukemia

-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Lymphoma

--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma

--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma

--Superficial Lymphadenopathy

--Care of Patients with Lymphoma

-Unit Test: Hematologic System

-Unit Assignment: Hematologic System

Unit11 Care of Patients with Endocrine System Diseases and Metabolic Disorders

-Chapter1 Overview of Endocrine ystem

--Overview of Endocrine System

--Overview of Endocrine System

--Overview of Endocrine System

-Chapter2 Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 2

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism2

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism

--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism

-Chapter3 Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

-Chapter4 Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus1

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 1

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus2

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

-Unit Review: Endocrine System

--Unit Assignment: Endocrine System

--Unit Test: Endocrine System

Unit 12 Care of Patients with Infectious Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Overview of Infectious Diseases

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2

--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2

--Overview of Infectious Diseases

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4

--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2

--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Rabies

--Care of Patients with Rabies 1

--Care of Patients with Rabies 1

--Care of Patients with Rabies 1

--Care of Patients with Rabies 2

--Care of Patients with Rabies 2

--Care of Patients with Rabies 2

--Care of Patients with Rabies

Unit 13 Care of Patients with Infectious Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B

-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2

--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis

-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Cholera

--Care of Patients with Cholera

--Care of Patients with Cholera

--Care for patients with cholera

-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2

--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2

--Care for patients with schistosome

-Chapter 11 Care of Patients with COVID-19

--Care of Patients with COVID-19

--Care of Patients with COVID-19

-Chapter 12 Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19

--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19

--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19

-Unit Test: Infectious Diseases

--Unit Test: infective disease

-Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases

--Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases

Unit 14 Care of Patients with Nervous System Diseases (Part One)

-Chapter 1 Overview of Nervous System Diseases

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)

--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)

-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis

-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 1)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)

--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)

--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)

Unit 15 Care of Patients with Nervous System Diseases (Part Two)

-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 2)

--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

--Transient Ischemic Attack

--Transient Ischemic Attack

--Transient Ischemic Attack

--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)

--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)

-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Epilepsy

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)

--Care of Patients with Epilepsy

-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)

--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease

-Unit Assignment: Nervous System

--Unit Assignment: Nervous System

Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia笔记与讨论

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