当前课程知识点:Medical Nursing > Unit 3 Care of Patients with Respiratory System Diseases (Part Three) > Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion > Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion
大家好
在上节课中
我们一起学习了胸腔积液综合征的概念
病因 发病机制以及临床表现
接下来 这节课
我们要和大家一起学习的是
如何诊断胸腔积液 即
我们需要做哪些辅助检查
以及如何治疗及护理
首先我们来看一下
要做的辅助检查
第一是影像学检查 包括X线
X线的结果如下:
当积液量达到0.3-0.5L
X线显示肋膈角变钝
当达到中等量积液时
X线会出现弧形上缘积液影
向外侧 向上 内低外高
当达到大量积液时
X线显示整个患侧阴暗
纵膈推向健侧
B超检查可以
协助胸腔穿刺定位
其他诊断方法
包括CT检查
当怀疑患者
有胸腔积液时
明确胸腔积液的性质和病因
是特别重要的
如积液性质不能确定时
有必要经胸腔穿刺做胸腔积液检查
但要避免胸穿
当患者存在漏出液病因时
首先 不同性质的胸腔积液
有不同的外观
漏出液外观清亮
静置不凝固
实验室检查比重
小于1.016-1.018
渗出液外观
呈草黄色 半透明
比重大于1.018
脓性积液闻起来有臭味 外观混浊
血性胸腔积液
看起来呈淡红色
或深红色
乳糜胸的胸腔积液呈乳状
此外 每种性质的胸腔积液
细胞含量有所不同
正常胸液中有少量间皮细胞
或淋巴细胞
漏出液中的中性粒细胞数
往往小于100×106
渗出液中的白细胞
往往大于或等于500×106/L
脓胸中的WBC大于10 ×109/L
胸腔积液涂片查找细菌
及细菌培养有助于
病原学的诊断
生化检查也是极其必要的
漏出液中蛋白小于30g/L
以白蛋白为主
而渗出液的蛋白大于30g/L
称此为李凡他试验阳性
乳糜胸液含有甘油三酯等
这些检查都有助于
胸腔积液诊断
其他生化成分
包括葡萄糖 酶的含量对诊断也有很大的帮助
其他辅助检查包括
免疫学检查 胸膜活检
但是要注意患有脓胸 有出血倾向病人
不能进行胸膜活检
检查结果出来后
医生可作出胸腔积液的诊断
根据患者病史 体查
即胸部体征和影像学检查
前面我们提到的实验室检查
一般可确定积液性质
查明病因
但是在诊断时
要注意鉴别
漏出液与渗出液
结核性与癌性胸液
我们可以看看这张表
从这张表中
我们可以看到
漏出液和渗出液的区别
大家一定要掌握哦
这是很重要的内容
结核性与癌性胸腔积液的区别
可以从外观
各种化学成分含量等多个方面进行辨别
这也是很重要的内容
胸腔积液诊断思路如下
首先 判断或怀疑患者
是否为胸腔积液
whether it is a pleural effusion
是否为胸腔积液
根据患者症状和体征
然后 对患者进行确诊
基于各个辅助检查的结果
如胸片 B超 CT
诊断性穿刺等
最终 如诊断为胸腔积液
应该根据上述表格当中
列出来的化学成分
及其含量来判断其性质
患者确诊后
就要进行治疗
不同类型的胸腔积液
有不同的治疗方法
对于结核性胸膜炎
在一般治疗的基础上针对进行抗结核治疗
全身治疗是抗结核药物和支持疗法
因为结核性胸膜炎患者的胸腔积液中
含有较高的蛋白质
其容易引起胸膜粘连
因此 胸腔积液
应该尽早抽尽
中等量以上 即大于0.5L
抽液<1000ml/次 首次≤700ml
每周2-3次
抽液后注入链激酶
我们要注意
当胸腔穿刺抽液时
患者可能会出现胸膜反应
表现为头晕 出汗 面色苍白
心悸 脉细 四肢发凉等
医生应该立即停止抽液
让患者平卧
然后给予患者0.1%肾上腺素0.5mg 肌内注射
或皮下注射
此外 结核性胸膜炎病人
此外 还可用激素治疗
给存在大量积液 中毒症状明显的患者
中毒症状明显的患者
加快胸腔积液吸收
减少粘连
可以给的药物是强的松
10mg tid疗程4-6周
但注意停药时减量逐渐停药
而对于类肺炎性胸腔积液
和脓胸的治疗原则是控制感染
引流胸腔积液
促使肺复张
恢复肺功能
具体治疗包括针对病原菌的
抗炎治疗和高营养支持疗法
如给予高蛋白 高能量饮食
局部治疗包括引流疗法
即
反复抽脓 闭式引流
用2%碳酸氢钠或生理盐水
反复冲洗胸腔
然后注入适量的抗生素
和链激酶
最后
也可采用外科胸膜剥脱术治疗
对于恶性胸腔积液
因为恶性胸腔积液是晚期恶性肿瘤的
常见并发症
所以对于恶性胸腔积液的治疗应包括
针对原发病和胸腔积液的治疗 双管齐下
对于胸腔积液治疗 应去除胸腔积液
即反复抽液
必要时细管闭式引流
并注入化疗药
由于反复抽液引流会使大量蛋白流失
应采用化学性胸膜固定术 免疫调节治疗
以减少胸水产生
如果上述治疗
都不能使肺复张
那就行手术治疗
我们如何护理胸腔积液患者
首先要做护理评估
面对此类前来就诊的
胸腔积液患者
我们要做好各方面的评估
如年龄 病史 过敏史
有无引起胸膜炎的如前所述的病因等
也应注意观察患者症状和体征
心理和社会反应
有哪些护理诊断
对于胸腔积液的病人
我们来看看
胸腔积液病人常见的护理诊断
有气体交换障碍 体温过高 疼痛
躯体移动障碍等
这些诊断相应的护理措施有哪些呢
首先 一般的常规护理是必要的
需要对患者进行一般的常规护理
并在此基础上再对症护理
对于有气体交换障碍的患者
首先要遵医嘱
给氧
氧流量2~4L/min
氧浓度35%~40%
并注意保持输氧装置通畅
还要让患者卧床休息
以减少耗氧量
告知患者2~3个月内不可进行重体力劳动
在胸腔积液吸收后 避免疲劳
然后 护士应注意病情观察
当患者出现呼吸困难时
他们则要帮助患者进行呼吸锻炼
还要协助医生抽胸腔积液
做好其术前 术中 术后的护理
特别是行胸腔闭式引流者
护士要观察患者以了解
肺的扩张状况和呼吸状态
注意有无皮下气肿的发生
在引流切口周围
观察引流管
是否有效固定和有效引流
观察引流液的量 性质
另外 护士还要随时关注
患者心理状态
了解患者焦虑的程度
场景
护士:下午好
现在感觉怎么样啊
患者:我感觉浑身无力
也不知道是不是
因为早上发烧导致的
此外 还感觉呼吸很费力
护士 这样啊 那我现在再给你测个体温
看是否还在发烧
今天早上你的体温是39.7度
现在是36.6度
降下来了
别太担心
接下来你应该卧床休息
避免不必要的运动
以减少你的耗氧量
不然你会感觉呼吸更费力
此外
你可以把床头摇高
或者是侧卧位 在你休息时
侧卧的时候
你应该往有积液那侧躺着
这样的话
积液就不会压迫你健侧的肺
你呼吸就会感觉顺畅了
另外
记住2~3个月内不可
进行重体力劳动 以避免疲劳
在你的胸腔积液吸收后
还要多注意休息
加强营养
患者:谢谢你啊 护士
现在就是没啥胃口
因为生病啥也吃不下
护士:如果你不吃的话
哪里来的精力呢
只有你的营养跟上
才能早日康复出院呀
你可以吃点富含高蛋白 高维生素的食物
如鸡蛋 瘦肉
蔬菜水果等
此外 如你有哪里不舒服
要及时告知我们
当然 我们也会随时关注你的
不要有太多心理负担
心情与病情也有很大关系的
患者:好的 谢谢你啊护士
护士:不客气 是应该的
当一个病人的胸腔积液性质
还没确定或病因不明确的时候
他是会有很多焦虑情绪的
因此
护士与病人交谈时要语速缓慢 态度和蔼
尽量解答患者提出的问题
尊重患者
允许他保留自己的意见
耐心向患者解释病情
消除其悲观情绪
进行各项检查 治疗及护理前
做好解释工作 消除其焦虑不安情绪
指导患者掌握一些放松技巧
如仰视 控制呼吸
垂肩 冷静思考
改变说话的语音 自我发泄等
必要时遵医嘱 使用抗焦虑药
并仔细观察其药物疗效和不良反应
最后
此外 护士应进行健康教育
有关疾病知识的 尤其是检查方法
及治疗方式等方面
从而使患者及家属
能积极配合
介绍遵医嘱用药的重要性
尤其是结核性胸膜炎患者
强调饮食支持的重要性
合理调配饮食 增强体质
建议患者合理安排休息
与运动
2~3个月内不可进行重体力劳动
在胸腔积液吸收后
避免疲劳
这节课我们就讲到这里
大家对于这堂课的内容掌握了多少
回去以后 大家进行复习和巩固
结合课本和习题
我们下节课再见
谢谢大家
-Introduction to Medical Nursing
--Introduction to Medical Nursing
--Introduction to Medical Nursing
-Chapter 1 Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Pneumonia
--Overview of pneumonia
--Streptococcal Pneumonia
--Other types of pneumonia
--The quality and color of sputum
--Care of Patients with Pneumonia
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Lung Abscess
--Introduction of lung abscess
--Introduction of lung abscess
--Treatment and nursing of lung abscess
--Treatment and care of nursing abscess
--Care of Patients with Lung Abscess
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)
--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Oxygen
--Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma
--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma
--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma
--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma
--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma
--Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease
--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination
--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination
--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma
-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion
--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion
--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion
--Determination of the nature of pleural effusion
--Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion
-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure
--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure
--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients
--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients
--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure
--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure
--Care of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
-Unit Test: Respiratory System
-Unit Assignment: Respiratory System
-Chapter 1 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Heart Failure
--Overview of heart failure
--Chronic heart failure (1)
--Chronic heart failure (2)
--Acute heart failure
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Arrhythmia
--Overview of arrhythmia
--Sick sinus syndrome
--Supraventricular tachycardia
--Supraventricular tachycardia
--Atrial fibrillation
--Ventricular tachycardia
--Atrioventricular block
--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia
--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
--Overview of coronary heart disease
--Overview of coronary heart disease
--Stable angina pectoris
--Unstable angina pectoris
--Acute myocardial infarction (1)
--Acute myocardial infarction (1)
--Acute myocardial infarction (2)
--Acute myocardial infarction (2)
--Acute myocardial infarction (3)
--Acute myocardial infarction (3)
--Difference between angina pectoris and myocardial infarction
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hypertension
--Primary hypertension (1)
--Primary hypertension (2)
--Safe nursing for patients with hypertension
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Myocardial Diseases
--Myocardial Diseases (1)
--Myocardial Diseases (2)
--Myocardial Diseases (3)
-Unit Assignment: Cardiovascular System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Digestive System
--Overview of digestive system(I)
--Overview of digestive system(I)
--Overview of digestive system(II)
--Overview of digestive system(II)
--Overview of Digestive System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulcer
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulce
--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer
--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer
--Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cirrhosis
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cir
--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis
--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis
--Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopath
--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of hepatic encephalopathy
--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of he
-- Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
--Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
-Unit Test: Digestive System
-Unit Assignment: Digestive System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Urinary System
--Overview of Urinary System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Acute Glomerulonephritis
-- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Chronic Glomerulonephritis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome
--Nephrotic Syndrome
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Unit Assignment: Urinary System
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
-Chapter 1 Overview of Hematologic System
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
-Chapter 2 Overview of Anemia
--Overview of Anemia
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia
--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia
--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia
--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia
--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia
--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia
--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia
--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia
--Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia
--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia
--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia
--Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Diseases
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Leukemia
--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia
--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia
--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia
--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia
--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia
--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia
--Nursing of acute leukemia(I)
--Nursing of acute leukemia(II)
--Nursing of acute leukemia
--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia
--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia
--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia
--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia
--Care of Patients with Leukemia
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Lymphoma
--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma
--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma
--Care of Patients with Lymphoma
-Unit Test: Hematologic System
-Unit Assignment: Hematologic System
-Chapter1 Overview of Endocrine ystem
--Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System
-Chapter2 Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 2
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism2
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
-Chapter3 Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
-Chapter4 Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus1
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 1
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus2
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
-Unit Review: Endocrine System
--Unit Assignment: Endocrine System
--Unit Test: Endocrine System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Infectious Diseases
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Rabies
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care for patients with cholera
-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2
--Care for patients with schistosome
-Chapter 11 Care of Patients with COVID-19
--Care of Patients with COVID-19
--Care of Patients with COVID-19
-Chapter 12 Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
-Unit Test: Infectious Diseases
--Unit Test: infective disease
-Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases
--Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases
-Chapter 1 Overview of Nervous System Diseases
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 1)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 2)
--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
--Transient Ischemic Attack
--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)
--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Epilepsy
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease
-Unit Assignment: Nervous System
--Unit Assignment: Nervous System