当前课程知识点:Medical Nursing > Unit 8 Care of Patients with Urinary System Diseases > Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection > Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
大家好
这一讲
我们继续学习尿路感染
尿路感染患者
需要进行哪些实验室及辅助检查
主要有如下几点
1.尿常规
尿液外观浑浊 有异味
尿蛋白阴性或微量
出现镜下血尿
红细胞均一正常形态
少数肉眼血尿
WBC每高倍镜超过5个
2.尿细菌学定量检查
清洁中段尿
细菌培养菌落计数≥105/ml
记住:菌落计数≥105/ml为真性菌尿
膀胱穿刺的尿标本
出现任何程度的菌尿
均提示存在尿路感染
3.影像学检查
一般的尿路感染无需进行影像学检查
但在复杂尿路感染
尿路反复感染
尿路感染治疗效果不佳时
为明确有无尿路感染易患因素
或并发症的存在
需要实施影像学检查
包括超声检查 腹部X线
静脉肾盂造影以及逆行肾盂造影
4.其他检查包括血常规
急性肾盂肾炎血白细胞计数增多
中性粒细胞核左移
如何诊断呢
诊断要点包括
依据膀胱刺激征
尿液改变
尿液细菌学检查
可以确诊
但不典型尿路感染的确诊
有赖于尿液细菌学检查
新鲜清洁中段尿细菌定量培养
菌落计数≥105/ml
可以诊断尿路感染
尿路感染
对尿路感染如何治疗呢
其治疗原则包括
1.多饮水 勤排尿
促进细菌和炎性分泌物
从尿中排出
2.尽可能纠正梗阻
结石等易感因素
3.除女性急性单纯性尿道炎 膀胱炎外
治疗前均应进行尿细菌性培养
和药敏试验
4.临床症状缓解
并不意味着细菌学治愈
5.治疗方案完成后
应进行评估和随访
我们现在来看一下具体的治疗方法
抗菌治疗
1.急性膀胱炎的治疗可以采用单剂量疗法
可选用磺胺甲噁唑2g 甲氧苄啶0.4g
碳酸氢钠1g 1次顿服
也可以进行短程疗法
可选择磺胺类 喹诺酮类
半合成青霉素或头孢菌素类等
连用3天
短程疗法比单剂量疗法
提高了疗效
减少复发
并且有利于清除大肠杆菌
且副作用也较小
是目前推荐治疗急性膀胱炎的方案
(3)对于合并妊娠或糖尿病患者
应持续抗生素治疗7天
妊娠首选阿莫西林
也可选用二 三代头孢菌素治疗
但禁用喹诺酮类药物
无论是单剂量还是短疗程疗法
疗程结束后即使症状消失
也需要在停药7天后
再次行中段尿培养
如无细菌 即为临床治愈
如仍有细菌生长
需继续抗生素治疗2周
2.急性肾盂肾炎的治疗
对于轻型的急性肾盂肾炎 口服有效抗菌药物14天
也可选用喹诺酮类 半合成青霉素类或头孢菌素类药物
一般用药72小时可显效
病情严重者 或者有明显的毒血症状者
需静脉用药
3.无症状细菌尿
非妊娠妇女和老年人
一般不予治疗
妊娠妇女则必须治疗
选用肾毒性较小
且对胎儿没有影响的抗菌药物
此外 再发性尿路感染
分为两种类型
一种是复发
指在停药6周内
原来的致病菌再次引起感染
寻找并去除易感因素
选用敏感的强力杀菌性抗生素
第二种是重新感染
在停药6周后再次出现真性菌尿
但菌株与上次不同
采用长程低剂量抑菌疗法
作预防性治疗
如每晚临睡前
在排尿后口服小剂量抗生素
每7~10天更换药物
以免产生耐药性
疗程半年
接下来我们要学习疗效评价
如果治疗后菌尿转阴
疗程结束后2周 6周复查
菌尿均为阴性 这个可以认定为治愈
如果治疗后菌尿仍然为阳性(或阴性)
但疗程结束后2周 6周
复查菌尿为阳性
且为同一菌株
则认为治疗失败
下面 我们来看一下尿路感染有哪些护理诊断
常见的护理诊断有
1.排尿障碍 尿频 尿急 尿痛
与泌尿系统感染有关
2.体温过高 与急性肾盂肾炎有关
3.潜在并发症 肾乳头坏死 肾周脓肿等
4.知识缺乏 缺乏预防尿路感染的知识
如何进行护理呢
这里主要讲2个方面
第一是体温过高 与急性肾盂肾炎有关
注意点有
(1)饮食护理 要给予清淡 营养丰富 易消化食物
同时也要注意多饮水
勤排尿
(2)休息 增加休息与睡眠的时间
(3)病情观察
监测体温 尿液性状的变化
注意有无腰痛加剧等情况
(4)物理降温 我们可以给予冰敷 酒精擦浴等进行物理降温
(5)用药护理
遵医嘱给予抗生素
但是要注意药物用法 剂量 注意事项
例如 服磺胺类药物多饮水
碱化尿液
第二是如何预防尿路感染
措施包括
第一 多饮水
每2~3小时排尿1次
是最有效的预防措施
性生活后排尿也是有效的预防方法
第二是注意个人卫生.
会阴部及肛周皮肤要保持清洁卫生
特别是月经期 妊娠期 产褥期
更加要注意清洁
三 如果出现频发的尿路感染
(即达到或超过3次/年)
可在全量治疗清除菌尿之后
长期给予小剂量抗生素预防感染
第四 对于留置导尿管的患者
给予抗生素可以推迟尿路感染的发生
但留置导尿管3天后
药物预防无效
五 保持生活规律 避免劳累
坚持身体锻炼 增强免疫力
也可以有效的预防尿路感染
关于尿路感染我们就学习到这里
谢谢大家
-Introduction to Medical Nursing
--Introduction to Medical Nursing
--Introduction to Medical Nursing
-Chapter 1 Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
--Overview of Respiratory System Diseases
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Pneumonia
--Overview of pneumonia
--Streptococcal Pneumonia
--Other types of pneumonia
--The quality and color of sputum
--Care of Patients with Pneumonia
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Lung Abscess
--Introduction of lung abscess
--Introduction of lung abscess
--Treatment and nursing of lung abscess
--Treatment and care of nursing abscess
--Care of Patients with Lung Abscess
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (I)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)
--Clinical manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (II)
--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis
--Care of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Care of patients with chronic bronchitis
--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Introduction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
--Oxygen
--Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma
--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma
--Clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma
--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma
--Treatment and nursing of bronchial asthma
--Care of Patients with Bronchial Asthma
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease
--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Treatment and nursing of chronic pulmonary heart disease
--Care of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Etiology and pathogenesis of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination
--Clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination
--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Treatment and nursing of primary bronchogenic carcinoma
--Care of Patients with Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma
-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion
--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
--Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion
--Treatment and nursing of pleural effusion
--Determination of the nature of pleural effusion
--Care of Patients with Pleural Effusion
-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure
--Etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory failure
--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients
--Treatment and nursing of respiratory failure patients
--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure
--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Introduction of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Treatment and nursing of acute respiratory distress syndrome
--Care of Patients with Respiratory Failure
--Care of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
-Unit Test: Respiratory System
-Unit Assignment: Respiratory System
-Chapter 1 Care of Patients with Cardiovascular System Diseases
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
--Overview of Cardiovascular System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Heart Failure
--Overview of heart failure
--Chronic heart failure (1)
--Chronic heart failure (2)
--Acute heart failure
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Arrhythmia
--Overview of arrhythmia
--Sick sinus syndrome
--Supraventricular tachycardia
--Supraventricular tachycardia
--Atrial fibrillation
--Ventricular tachycardia
--Atrioventricular block
--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia
--Nursing care of patients with arrhythmia
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
--Overview of coronary heart disease
--Overview of coronary heart disease
--Stable angina pectoris
--Unstable angina pectoris
--Acute myocardial infarction (1)
--Acute myocardial infarction (1)
--Acute myocardial infarction (2)
--Acute myocardial infarction (2)
--Acute myocardial infarction (3)
--Acute myocardial infarction (3)
--Difference between angina pectoris and myocardial infarction
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hypertension
--Primary hypertension (1)
--Primary hypertension (2)
--Safe nursing for patients with hypertension
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Myocardial Diseases
--Myocardial Diseases (1)
--Myocardial Diseases (2)
--Myocardial Diseases (3)
-Unit Assignment: Cardiovascular System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Digestive System
--Overview of digestive system(I)
--Overview of digestive system(I)
--Overview of digestive system(II)
--Overview of digestive system(II)
--Overview of Digestive System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulcer
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of peptic ulce
--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer
--Treatment and nursing of peptic ulcer
--Care of Patients with Peptic Ulcer
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cirrhosis
--Etiology and clinical manifestation of hepatic cir
--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis
--Treatment and nursing of hepatic cirrhosis
--Care of Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
--Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopath
--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of hepatic encephalopathy
--Clinical manifestation,treatment and nursing of he
-- Care of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(I)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(II)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage(Ⅲ)
--Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
--Care of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
-Unit Test: Digestive System
-Unit Assignment: Digestive System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Urinary System
--Overview of Urinary System
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Care of Patients with Glomerular Diseases
--Acute Glomerulonephritis
-- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
--Chronic Glomerulonephritis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome
--Nephrotic Syndrome
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
--Care of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Care of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
--Unit Assignment: Urinary System
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
--Care of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
-Chapter 1 Overview of Hematologic System
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (I)
--Overview of hemopoietic system diseases (II)
-Chapter 2 Overview of Anemia
--Overview of Anemia
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia
--Overview,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia
--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia
--Treatment and nursing of iron deficiency anemia
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia
--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia
--Definition, etiology,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and diagnosis of aplastic anemia
--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia
--Treatment and nursing of aplastic anemia
--Care of Patients with Aplastic Anemia
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia
--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia
--Nursing of patients with hemolytic anemia
--Care of Patients with Hemolytic Anemia
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Diseases
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
--Overview of hemorrhagic diseases
--Nursing of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
--Nursing of patients with anaphylactoid purpura
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Leukemia
--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia
--Definition, etiology and classification of leukemia
--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia
--Definition and clinical manifestation of acute leukemia
--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia
--Auxiliary examination of acute leukemia
--Nursing of acute leukemia(I)
--Nursing of acute leukemia(II)
--Nursing of acute leukemia
--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia
--Definition ,clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of chronic myeloid leukemia
--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia
--Treatment and nursing ofchronic myeloid leukemia
--Care of Patients with Leukemia
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Lymphoma
--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma
--Definition ,clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination,treatment and nursing of lymphoma
--Care of Patients with Lymphoma
-Unit Test: Hematologic System
-Unit Assignment: Hematologic System
-Chapter1 Overview of Endocrine ystem
--Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System
--Overview of Endocrine System
-Chapter2 Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 1
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism 2
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism2
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
--Care of Patients with Hypercortisolism
-Chapter3 Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 1
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism 2
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
--Care of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
-Chapter4 Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus1
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 1
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus2
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 3
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 4
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 5
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
--Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
-Unit Review: Endocrine System
--Unit Assignment: Endocrine System
--Unit Test: Endocrine System
-Chapter 1 Overview of Infectious Diseases
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 1
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases 2
--Overview of Infectious Diseases
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 1
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 2
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 3
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis 4
--Care of Patients with Viral Hepatitis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 2
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
--Care of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Rabies
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 1
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies 2
--Care of Patients with Rabies
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Encephalitis B
-Chapter 7 Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 1
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis 2
--Care of Patients with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis
-Chapter 8 Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care of Patients with Cholera
--Care for patients with cholera
-Chapter 9 Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
--Care of Patients with Bacillary Dysentery
-Chapter 10 Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 1
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2
--Care of Patients with Schistosomiasis 2
--Care for patients with schistosome
-Chapter 11 Care of Patients with COVID-19
--Care of Patients with COVID-19
--Care of Patients with COVID-19
-Chapter 12 Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
--Psychological Coping Modes to the Epidemic of COVID-19
-Unit Test: Infectious Diseases
--Unit Test: infective disease
-Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases
--Unit Assignment: Infectious Diseases
-Chapter 1 Overview of Nervous System Diseases
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(I)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
--Overview of Nervous System Diseases(II)
-Chapter 2 Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
--Care of Patients with Facial Neuritis
-Chapter 3 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 1)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases (I)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Overview of Cerebral Vascular Diseases(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(I)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
--Intracerebral Hemorrhage(II)
-Chapter 4 Care of Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases (Episode 2)
--Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
--Transient Ischemic Attack
--Cerebral Thrombosis(I)
--Cerebral Thrombosis(II)
-Chapter 5 Care of Patients with Epilepsy
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(I)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy(II)
--Care of Patients with Epilepsy
-Chapter 6 Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(I)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease(II)
--Care of Patients with Parkinson Disease
-Unit Assignment: Nervous System
--Unit Assignment: Nervous System