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Microlecture:Near the End of the World —— the Situation of Admiration in A Woodcutter’s Love课程教案、知识点、字幕

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咫尺天涯 《汉广》中的企慕情境

金庸《神雕侠侣》中 郭襄

“风陵渡口初相遇 一见杨过误终身”

这种浪漫美好的仰慕之情

引发了无数人的感慨

你是否也曾像郭襄一样

深深恋着一个人

为其望穿秋水

为其衣带宽而不悔

为其人憔悴而无怨

却碍着难以逾越的鸿沟

无法如愿以偿

正好似“盈盈一水间 脉脉不得语”

这种可望不可及的美学境界

被国学大师钱钟书称作企慕情境

企是踮起脚尖看

有一种期盼又不敢向前的感觉

慕则是倾慕 仰慕 爱慕

企慕 即企羡 仰慕 是一种情感心理

企慕情境是作者把内心强烈的企慕情感

用艺术的形式形象地表现出来

形成的一种可望不可及的美学境界

如古罗马诗人桓吉尔名句云

“望对岸而伸手向往”

用钱钟书的话来说 就是

“可望而不可即 心向往之 却身不能至”

《汉广》是一首典型的企慕情境诗

让我们一起来领略欣赏

首先由景入手

以景绘境

景物意象是企慕情境的重要情感载体

我们一起跟着《汉广》吟唱来寻找意象

在优美的吟唱中我们找出了诗歌的九种意象

乔木 水 薪 楚 蒌 马 驹 游女 樵夫

其中水的意象出现的次数最多

出现了七次

水边的爱情几乎成了《诗经》爱情的一种模式

有研究者认为

“水与婚恋的关系 缘于原始人对生命的热切崇拜”

水是生命之源 加之水百折千回的特性

更赋予了先民望水兴叹的情绪

这也就是国风中的爱情诗

多与水有关的主要原因

如《蒹葭》 《关雎》等中的爱情都与水有关

以人探境

人物形象是企慕情境的重要情感对象

诗中的主人公是樵夫和游女

樵夫的心理经历了希望

失望 幻想 升华等变化

从痴心爱慕着江汉边一位美丽的姑娘

到八个“不可”

面对茫茫长江 汤汤汉水

喻示着爱情追求的鸿沟天堑

再到幻境中迎娶自己思慕的女子

回到现实深深的失落与纠心的痛楚

最后经过内心痛苦挣扎

于不甘无奈中保留了一份平和与理智

这种升华后的爱不再以

相互的占有为最终诉求

而是饱含着对所爱之人的深深祝福

和对自己生命的更加珍重

诗歌为我们塑造了一位健康淳朴

深情执着 温暖洒脱的青年男子形象

诗中游女形象只是做了简单的描述

即“汉有游女 不可求思”

有人将她解释成

周王朝实施德政于天下的见证

有人将她解释成

凌波微步 罗袜生尘的汉水女神

也有人将她解释成

出来游玩的俏丽佳人

还有人将她解释成

男子内心思慕的恋人

我认为在此诗

作者只是借以指心中所爱的女子

以神人相隔 喻佳人难求

诗经中还有多处描述空灵至圣的女子

如《蒹葭》中“宛在水中央”的佳人

《野有蔓草》里“清扬婉兮”的美女

都给我们留下了美好的想象

以情入境

企慕之情中“以情动人” 是其显著特色

八个“不可”一气呵成

乐而不淫 哀而不伤

樵夫用一波三折 一唱三叹的方式

表达了自己对女子真挚深沉的爱

同时 通过人与自然的关系

也表达了企慕情境中的“不可企及”

末四句 三章反复咏叹

有脱不掉的忧伤无奈

既是一种遗憾也是一种成全

知其不可求 而心向往之

并且无限向往

展示了先民婚恋思想和道德追求

樵夫明知爱无结果

依旧深情流连

为其远远祝福

虽然求而不得

依然用诗歌的方式

表达出内心最纯洁的愿望

并且以《诗经》的形式流传了下来

敦厚大方 荡气回肠

现实生活中的爱情 求而不得

有些人痛苦 颓丧 愤恨

有些人得不到就毁灭

但《汉广》中的樵夫

却心甘情愿地把自私的爱升华成了

不求回报 无怨无悔的情怀

这是最浪漫美好

纯洁无邪的爱

这正是爱情的高贵之处

最后 我们一起来总结归纳

“企慕情境”类诗歌鉴赏的方法

以景绘境 以人探境 以情入境

“企慕情境”影响了后世千年

在不同的时空具备相同的魅力

它不仅仅是爱情的境遇

人生中很多求之不得的人生境遇

如贤才难得 理想难伸 壮志难酬

都能在诗歌中得到回响

她告诉我们

孤独是不可磨灭的生命感受

爱而不得是普遍的人生际遇

永不放弃是最美的生命姿态

感谢您听完这节微课 下次再见

Chinese Literature课程列表:

德行天下/Morality

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Staying Upright and Practicing Morality All over the World

-Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:孔子论仁五则/Confucian Thought on Ren

--About the Writer:孔子/Confucius

--Literature Appreciation:老子二章/Two Chapters of Lao Zi

--About the Writer:老子/Lao Zi

--Literature Appreciation:橘颂/Ode to the Orange

--About the Writer:屈原/Qu Yuan

--Literature Appreciation:诫子书/Son of the Commandment

--About the Writer:诸葛亮/Zhuge Liang

-第一讲 孔子论仁五则/Confucian Thought on Ren

--PPT

--Microlecture:Adorable Confucius

--Microlecture:Confucius Teaches You "Ren "

--Microlecture:Respect and Tolerance, Making the World a Better Place

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource (Documentary):BBC's Introduction to Confucius

--Extended Resource (Movie):Confucius' Views on the Relationship Between Humaneness and Ritual

-第二讲 老子二章/Two Chapters of Lao Zi

--PPT

--Microlecture:Water in the Eyes of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

--Microlecture:The Goodness of the World is as Good as Water

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource (Movie):Laozi Went out of Hangu Pass

--Extended Resource (Movie):Confucius Talked About "Tao" with Laozi

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

家国故里/Country

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Where is the Hometown at Dusk?

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:八声甘州/Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song by Liu Yong

--About the Writer:柳永/Liu Yong

--Literature Appreciation:满江红·登黄鹤楼有感/The River All Red · Meditations on the Yellow Crane Tower

--About the Writer:岳飞/Yue Fei

--Literature Appreciation:秋兴八首·其一/Eight Octaves on Autumnal Musings

--About the Writer:杜甫/Du Fu

--Literature Appreciation:病起书怀/Sick Book

--About the writer:陆游/ Lu You

--Literature Appreciation:雪落在中国的土地上/Snow Falls on China’s Land

--About the Writer:艾青/Ai Qing

-第一讲 八声甘州/Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song by Liu Yong

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Nostalgia of Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource(Recitation): Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song

-第二讲 满江红·登黄鹤楼有感/The River All Red · Meditations on the Yellow Crane Tower

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Top-notch and Famous Tower, Yellow Crane Tower

--Microlecture:The “War” in the General Yue Fei’s Poetry

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource(Beijing Opera):The Whole River Red

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

生命之歌/Life

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Playing the Song of Life

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:春夜宴诸从弟桃李园序/Preface to Feast on Spring Night in Peach & Plum Garden

--About the Writer:李白/Li Bai

--Literature Appreciation:八声甘州·寄参寥子/ Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song for a Buddhist Friend

--About the Writer: 苏轼/Su Shi

--Literature Appreciation:渐/Gradualness

--About the Writer:丰子恺/Zikai Feng

--Literature Appreciation:我喜欢出发/I like to start

--About the Writer:汪国真/Wang Guozhen

--Literature Appreciation:谈生命/On Life

--About the writer:冰心/Bing Xin

-第一讲 春夜宴诸从弟桃李园序/Preface to Feast on Spring Night in Peach & Plum Garden

--PPT

--Microlecture:A Dream Reture to the Tang Dynasty

--Microlecture:The Vigorous Poet Libai

--Microlecture:The Beautiful Rhythm of Preface to Feast on Spring Night in Peach & Plum Garden

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Song)Li Bai

-第二讲 八声甘州·寄参廖子/Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song For a Buddhist Friend

--PPT

--Microlecture:Su Shi's Reform of the Traditional Style of Song Ci

--Microlecture:Su Shi's friends

--Microlecture:Gourmet Su Dongpo

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Calligraphy) Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song for a Buddhist Friend

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

守望理想/Ideals

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:The Ideal is Always Accompanied with Youthfulness

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:白马篇/Song of the White Horse

--About the Writer: 曹植/Cao Zhi

--Literature Appreciation:命若琴弦/Strings of Life

--About the Writer:史铁生/ Shi Tiesheng

--Literature Appreciation:相信未来/Believe in the Future

--About the Writer:食指/Index Finger

--Literature Appreciation:报任安书/The translation of Ren an's book

--About the Writer:司马迁/Sima Qian

-第一讲 白马篇/Song of the White Horse

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Artistic Style of Song of the White Horse

--Microlecture:A Brave Youth ——An Analysis of the Character in Song of White Horse

--Microlecture:Cao Zhi's Guiding Effect on the Aesthetics of Knight-errant Poems

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Movie clip) Sword Dance-Song of the White Horse

-第二讲 命若琴弦/Strings of Life

--PPT

--Microlecture:An disabled Chinese writer-Shi Tiesheng

--Microlecture:Real-life Novel and Ideographic Novel

--Microlecture:Hope is the Fulcrum of Life

--Microlecture:How Symbolism Are Used in Strings of Life

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Movie)Strings of Life

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

心灵智慧/Wisdom

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Eyes of the Mind

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:任公子钓鱼/Angling

--About the Writer: 庄子/Zhuang Zi

--Literature Appreciation:一个偏见/A Prejudice

--About the Writer:钱钟书/Qian Zhongshu

--Literature Appreciation:杂诗十二首·其一Twelve Miscellaneous Poems

--About the Writer:陶渊明/Tao Yuanming

--Literature Appreciation:偶然/Chance

--About the Writer:徐志摩/Xu Zhimo

--Literature Appreciation:从前慢/The Slow Pace of Life

--About the Writer:木心/Mu Xin

-第一讲 任公子钓鱼/Angling

--PPT

--Microlecture:Chuang Tzu and Fish

--Microlecture:The Art of Hyperbole in Chuang Tzu's Fables

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Cartoon) Chuang Tzu Speaks

-第二讲 一个偏见/A Prejudice

--PPT

--Microlecture:Learn Metaphor with Qian Zhongshu

--Microlecture:The Sharp Edge behind Prejudice

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource: A Letter from Qian Zhongshu to His Friend

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

情感探微/Emotion

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Where the emotion rises, the poem arises

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:你是人间四月天/You Are the April of This World

--About the Writer:林徽因/Lin Huiyin

--Literature Appreciation:多年父子成兄弟/Brotherhood between Father and Son for Many Years

--About the Writer: 汪曾祺/Wang Zengqi

--Literature Appreciation:鹊踏枝/Magpie on the Branch

--About the Writer:冯延巳/Feng Yansi

--Literature Appreciation: 我们仨(节选)/We Three(Extracts)

--About the Writer:杨绛/Yang Jiang

--Literature Appreciation:写给母亲/Written for My Mother

--About the Writer:贾平凹/Jia Pingwa

-第一讲 你是人间四月天/You Are the April of This World

--PPT

--Microlecture:The “Three Beauties” of Lin Whei-yin’s Poetry

--Microlecture:The Color in Poem You Are the April of This World

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Recitation)You Are the April of This World

--Extended Resource:(Song)You Are the April of This World

-第二讲 多年父子成兄弟/Brotherhood between Father and Son for Many Years

--PPT

--Microlecture:Fatherhood

--Microlecture:The Art of Leaving Blanks in "Brotherhood between Father and Son for Many Years"

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Cartoon) Father and Son

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

寄兴山水/Nature

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Mountains and Rivers Are Always Bestowed with Emotions

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:秋登万山寄张五/To Zhang Wu from the Top of Mountain Wanshan on an Autumn Day

--About the Writer:孟浩然/ Meng Haoran

--Literature Appreciation:春江花月夜/A Moonlit Night on the Spring River

--About the Writer: 张若虚/Zhang Ruoxu

--Literature Appreciation:春之怀古/A Meditation on Spring

--About the Writer: 张晓风/Zhang Xiaofeng

--Literature Appreciation:我们站在高高的山巅/We Are Standing High on the Summit of a Mountain

--About the Writer:冯至/ Feng Zhi

-第一讲 秋登万山寄张五/To Zhang Wu from the Top of Mountain Wanshan on an Autumn Day

--PPT

--Microlecture:Comparison of Wang Wei’s and Meng Haoran’s Poems

--Microlecture:Wanshan—The Most Romantic Mountain

--Microlecture:Carefree and Leisurely Life Feelings

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Scenic Film) Xiangyang--The Hometown of Meng Haoran

-第二讲 春江花月夜/A Moonlit Night on the Spring River

--PPT

--Microlecture:Appreciation of the Best Ever Poem "A Moonlit Night on the Spring River "

--Microlecture:Transcendental Beauty of " A Moonlit Night on the Spring River "

--Microlecture:The Artistic Beauty of Scenery, Reason and Love in " A Moonlit Night on the Spring River "

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource: (Music) Concert of "A Moonlit Night on the Spring River" in the Golden Hall of Vienna

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

眺望爱情/Love

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Love Is the Combination of Two Semicircles

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:汉广/A Woodcutter’s Love

--Relevant Material: 诗经/The Book of Songs

--Literature Appreciation:西洲曲/Song of West Isle

--Relevant Material:南北朝民歌/Folk Songs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties

--Literature Appreciation:爱/Love

--About the Writer:张爱玲/ Zhang Ailing

--Literature Appreciation:神雕侠侣(节选)/ The Return of the Condor Heroes(Extracts)

--About the Writer: 金庸/Jin Yong

--Literature Appreciation: 红楼梦(节选)/The Dream of the Red Chamber(Extracts)

--About the Writer: 曹雪芹/Cao Xueqin

-第一讲 汉广/A Woodcutter’s Love

--PPT

--Microlecture:"A Woodcutter’s Love" Is Enjoyed for a Thousand Years

--Microlecture:Love Is Always Young

--Microlecture:Near the End of the World —— the Situation of Admiration in A Woodcutter’s Love

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Cartoon) Confucius Institute's Evaluation of the Book of Songs

-第二讲 西洲曲/Song of West Isle

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Ingenious Use of Pun in “Song of West Isle”

--Microlecture:A Comparative Analysis of Love Poems in the Northern and Southern Dynasties

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Ink Wash Painting) Lotus Picking

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

人性探究/Humanity

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Humanity Is the Eternal River of Light

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:示众/A Public Example

--About the Writer: 鲁迅/Lu Xun

--Literature Appreciation:鸭窠围的夜/A Night at Mallard-Nest Village

--About the Writer: 沈从文/Shen Congwen

--Literature Appreciation:百合花/Lilies

--About he Writer: 茹志鹃/Ru Zhijuan

--Literature Appreciation:受戒/The Love Story of a Young Monk

--About the Writer:汪曾祺 Wang Zengqi

-第一讲 示众/A Public Example

--PPT

--Microlecture:Lu Xun’s Humor and Profundity

--Microlecture:The Ingenious Use of the Technique of "Display" in A Public Example

--Microlecture:To See and Be Seen

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource: (Movie clip) Lu Xun's Speech

-第二讲 鸭窠围的夜/A Night at Mallard-Nest Village

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Compassion of the Eternal Night.

--Microlecture:Listening to the Narration of the Eternal Night

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Scenic Film) Fenghuang--The Hometown of Shen Congwen

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

期末考试/Final Exam

-Final Exam

Microlecture:Near the End of the World —— the Situation of Admiration in A Woodcutter’s Love笔记与讨论

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