当前课程知识点：Chinese Literature > 眺望爱情/Love > 第二讲 西洲曲/Song of West Isle > Microlecture:A Comparative Analysis of Love Poems in the Northern and Southern Dynasties
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民歌
是古老的民间文学形式
从悠远的上古时代
涂山氏为大禹所作的《候人歌》
到先秦时代哀而不伤的《关雎》
再到汉时乐府动人心魄的《上邪》
爱情是民歌永恒的主题
南北朝民歌亦是如此
爱情的主题如同河岸的石头
随手可拾
南朝民歌产生于长江流域
山川明媚 花木繁盛
容易陶养居民热烈而浪漫的情思
北方没有南方那样繁密而多彩的植被
曲折而湿润的水网
然而大自然在这单调中
充分显示出它的严峻 崇高 阔大
生活在这里的人们 心胸阔达
形成粗犷豪迈的性格
于是
南朝民歌和北朝民歌
呈现出全然不同的特色
南朝女子大多多愁善感 容易伤怀
她们的感情啊
像一泓纯洁的静水贮满心田
微风轻轻一吹
就会吹皱她们心中的一池春水
南歌中的相思离别
或是低婉哀叹 呢喃情郎的薄情
或者羞赧真诚 表达思念之切
或是凄凉悲切 诉说彻夜难眠
这种情思时常通过
自然景物的变化而得以抒发
《西洲曲》是南朝民歌最长的抒情诗篇
春有梅花 夏有伯劳 乌桕
秋有莲花 飞鸿
这都是寄托相思的信使
北朝女子个性鲜明 豪爽刚烈
马背上的民族
与自然接触尤为密切
他们的婚恋观更具原始性和实际性
所以 在北朝民歌中
很少有对女主人公
追求爱情过程和方式的叙述
也少有她们恋爱心理
和情感体验的描写
多是直达主题
论及婚嫁 如《折杨柳歌》
门前一株枣
岁岁不知老
阿婆不嫁女
那得孙儿抱
这首诗采用了比兴的手法
从门前结枣的枣树
联系到女儿还未出嫁
抱孙的愿望没有着落
表达了女子渴望婚嫁的事实
表现出她们
对家庭和男子的归属与爱的需求
北朝女子有时可以不经
父母之命 媒妁之言
自己去选择意中人
如《幽州马客吟歌》
南山自人高 只与北山齐
女儿自人好 故入郎君怀
南山 指的女子
北山 指的男子
女子自视甚高 对爱情充满了自信
可当遇到倾心的男子
就失去了傲气
想要投入郎君的怀抱
南朝民歌细腻缠绵 含蓄委婉
而北朝民歌则粗犷遒劲 质朴无华
同样是示爱
南朝民歌《子夜歌》这样写道
我念欢的的 子行犹豫情
雾露隐芙蓉 见莲不分明
意思是我想念你是实实在在
明明白白的 你却犹犹豫豫
你的感情就好像
雾中模糊的芙蓉花一样看不清楚
诗里有热切的希望 也有丝丝的情感
而北朝民歌则毫不掩饰
如《地驱乐歌辞》
侧侧力力 念君无极
枕郎左臂 随郎转侧
意思是对你的思念无穷无尽
让我忍不住连声叹息
期待着我们重新欢聚
我枕着你的胳膊
随着你辗转反侧
同样是约会 南朝民歌是
一坐复一起
黄昏人定后 许时不来已
坐立难安 胡乱猜想
不知爱人今晚还会不会来
表达出失落彷徨的情绪
北方民歌则是
月明光光星欲堕
欲来不来早语我
月色尚明 星星将要堕入地面
你今晚到底来不来赴约
要早早言语一声
不要让我坐在这里傻等
十分的直爽泼辣
南朝民歌的语言 出语自然
明朗而又巧妙
大量运用双关隐语
由此避免了过于简单直露
一览无余的表现
南朝的女子受到传统礼教的约束
又因为羞涩委婉的天性
所以“双关”
这样“犹抱琵琶半遮面”的修辞工具
就派上了大用场
南朝民歌的双关有两个意象最为常见
采莲和蚕桑
如《西洲曲》里的
低头弄莲子 莲子清如水
用“莲”通“怜”
隐晦地传递爱情的讯号
再如《七夕月女歌》
桑蚕不作茧 尽夜长悬丝
用蚕丝隐喻相思
思念百转千回
北朝民歌没有南朝民歌那样
华美的文辞 精致的手法
更不用双关隐语的技巧
直抒胸臆 大胆直露
如《折杨柳歌》
腹中愁不乐 愿作郎马鞭
出入擐郎臂 蹀坐郎膝边
女子为何愁苦不乐 皆因思想情郎
女子幻想着把自己
变成情郎最喜欢的物件 马鞭
这样就能和情郎永不分离
毫不掩饰自己热烈直白的爱情
魏征曾说 江左宫商发越
贵于清绮
河朔词义贞刚 重乎气质
南朝民歌和北朝民歌
犹如乐府中的红玫瑰和白玫瑰
花开两支 你喜欢哪一支呢
-单元导学/Unit Guidance
--Microlecture:Staying Upright and Practicing Morality All over the World
-Recommended Reading
--Literature Appreciation：孔子论仁五则/Confucian Thought on Ren
--About the Writer：孔子/Confucius
--Literature Appreciation：老子二章/Two Chapters of Lao Zi
--Literature Appreciation：橘颂/Ode to the Orange
--Literature Appreciation：诫子书/Son of the Commandment
--About the Writer：诸葛亮/Zhuge Liang
-第一讲 孔子论仁五则/Confucian Thought on Ren
--PPT
--Microlecture:Adorable Confucius
--Microlecture:Confucius Teaches You "Ren "
--Microlecture:Respect and Tolerance, Making the World a Better Place
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource (Documentary)：BBC's Introduction to Confucius
--Extended Resource (Movie)：Confucius' Views on the Relationship Between Humaneness and Ritual
-第二讲 老子二章/Two Chapters of Lao Zi
--PPT
--Microlecture:Water in the Eyes of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism
--Microlecture:The Goodness of the World is as Good as Water
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource （Movie）：Laozi Went out of Hangu Pass
--Extended Resource （Movie）：Confucius Talked About "Tao" with Laozi
-单元作业/Unit Assignment
-单元导学/Unit Guidance
--Microlecture:Where is the Hometown at Dusk?
-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading
--Literature Appreciation:八声甘州/Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song by Liu Yong
--About the Writer：柳永/Liu Yong
--Literature Appreciation：满江红·登黄鹤楼有感/The River All Red · Meditations on the Yellow Crane Tower
--Literature Appreciation：秋兴八首·其一/Eight Octaves on Autumnal Musings
--Literature Appreciation：病起书怀/Sick Book
--Literature Appreciation：雪落在中国的土地上/Snow Falls on China’s Land
-第一讲 八声甘州/Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song by Liu Yong
--PPT
--Microlecture:The Nostalgia of Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource（Recitation）： Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song
-第二讲 满江红·登黄鹤楼有感/The River All Red · Meditations on the Yellow Crane Tower
--PPT
--Microlecture:The Top-notch and Famous Tower, Yellow Crane Tower
--Microlecture:The “War” in the General Yue Fei’s Poetry
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource（Beijing Opera）：The Whole River Red
-单元作业/Unit Assignment
-单元导学/Unit Guidance
--Microlecture:Playing the Song of Life
-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading
--Literature Appreciation：春夜宴诸从弟桃李园序/Preface to Feast on Spring Night in Peach & Plum Garden
--Literature Appreciation：八声甘州·寄参寥子/ Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song for a Buddhist Friend
--Literature Appreciation：渐/Gradualness
--About the Writer:丰子恺/Zikai Feng
--Literature Appreciation：我喜欢出发/I like to start
--About the Writer:汪国真/Wang Guozhen
--Literature Appreciation：谈生命/On Life
--About the writer:冰心/Bing Xin
-第一讲 春夜宴诸从弟桃李园序/Preface to Feast on Spring Night in Peach & Plum Garden
--PPT
--Microlecture:A Dream Reture to the Tang Dynasty
--Microlecture:The Vigorous Poet Libai
--Microlecture:The Beautiful Rhythm of Preface to Feast on Spring Night in Peach & Plum Garden
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource：（Song）Li Bai
-第二讲 八声甘州·寄参廖子/Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song For a Buddhist Friend
--PPT
--Microlecture:Su Shi's Reform of the Traditional Style of Song Ci
--Microlecture:Su Shi's friends
--Microlecture:Gourmet Su Dongpo
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource：(Calligraphy) Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song for a Buddhist Friend
-单元作业/Unit Assignment
-单元导学/Unit Guidance
--Microlecture:The Ideal is Always Accompanied with Youthfulness
-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading
--Literature Appreciation：白马篇/Song of the White Horse
--About the Writer: 曹植/Cao Zhi
--Literature Appreciation：命若琴弦/Strings of Life
--About the Writer:史铁生/ Shi Tiesheng
--Literature Appreciation：相信未来/Believe in the Future
--About the Writer:食指/Index Finger
--Literature Appreciation：报任安书/The translation of Ren an's book
--About the Writer:司马迁/Sima Qian
-第一讲 白马篇/Song of the White Horse
--PPT
--Microlecture:The Artistic Style of Song of the White Horse
--Microlecture:A Brave Youth ——An Analysis of the Character in Song of White Horse
--Microlecture:Cao Zhi's Guiding Effect on the Aesthetics of Knight-errant Poems
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource：(Movie clip) Sword Dance-Song of the White Horse
-第二讲 命若琴弦/Strings of Life
--PPT
--Microlecture:An disabled Chinese writer-Shi Tiesheng
--Microlecture:Real-life Novel and Ideographic Novel
--Microlecture:Hope is the Fulcrum of Life
--Microlecture:How Symbolism Are Used in Strings of Life
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource：（Movie）Strings of Life
-单元作业/Unit Assignment
-单元导学/Unit Guidance
--Microlecture:Eyes of the Mind
-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading
--Literature Appreciation：任公子钓鱼/Angling
--About the Writer: 庄子/Zhuang Zi
--Literature Appreciation：一个偏见/A Prejudice
--About the Writer:钱钟书/Qian Zhongshu
--Literature Appreciation：杂诗十二首·其一Twelve Miscellaneous Poems
--About the Writer:陶渊明/Tao Yuanming
--Literature Appreciation：偶然/Chance
--About the Writer:徐志摩/Xu Zhimo
--Literature Appreciation：从前慢/The Slow Pace of Life
-第一讲 任公子钓鱼/Angling
--PPT
--Microlecture:Chuang Tzu and Fish
--Microlecture:The Art of Hyperbole in Chuang Tzu's Fables
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource：(Cartoon) Chuang Tzu Speaks
-第二讲 一个偏见/A Prejudice
--PPT
--Microlecture:Learn Metaphor with Qian Zhongshu
--Microlecture:The Sharp Edge behind Prejudice
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource： A Letter from Qian Zhongshu to His Friend
-单元作业/Unit Assignment
-单元导学/Unit Guidance
--Microlecture:Where the emotion rises, the poem arises
-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading
--Literature Appreciation：你是人间四月天/You Are the April of This World
--About the Writer:林徽因/Lin Huiyin
--Literature Appreciation：多年父子成兄弟/Brotherhood between Father and Son for Many Years
--About the Writer: 汪曾祺/Wang Zengqi
--Literature Appreciation：鹊踏枝/Magpie on the Branch
--About the Writer:冯延巳/Feng Yansi
--Literature Appreciation： 我们仨（节选）/We Three（Extracts）
--About the Writer:杨绛/Yang Jiang
--Literature Appreciation：写给母亲/Written for My Mother
--About the Writer:贾平凹/Jia Pingwa
-第一讲 你是人间四月天/You Are the April of This World
--PPT
--Microlecture:The “Three Beauties” of Lin Whei-yin’s Poetry
--Microlecture:The Color in Poem You Are the April of This World
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource：（Recitation）You Are the April of This World
--Extended Resource：（Song）You Are the April of This World
-第二讲 多年父子成兄弟/Brotherhood between Father and Son for Many Years
--PPT
--Microlecture:The Art of Leaving Blanks in "Brotherhood between Father and Son for Many Years"
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource:(Cartoon) Father and Son
-单元作业/Unit Assignment
-单元导学/Unit Guidance
--Microlecture:Mountains and Rivers Are Always Bestowed with Emotions
-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading
--Literature Appreciation：秋登万山寄张五/To Zhang Wu from the Top of Mountain Wanshan on an Autumn Day
--About the Writer:孟浩然/ Meng Haoran
--Literature Appreciation：春江花月夜/A Moonlit Night on the Spring River
--About the Writer: 张若虚/Zhang Ruoxu
--Literature Appreciation：春之怀古/A Meditation on Spring
--About the Writer: 张晓风/Zhang Xiaofeng
--Literature Appreciation：我们站在高高的山巅/We Are Standing High on the Summit of a Mountain
--About the Writer:冯至/ Feng Zhi
-第一讲 秋登万山寄张五/To Zhang Wu from the Top of Mountain Wanshan on an Autumn Day
--PPT
--Microlecture:Comparison of Wang Wei’s and Meng Haoran’s Poems
--Microlecture:Wanshan—The Most Romantic Mountain
--Microlecture:Carefree and Leisurely Life Feelings
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource:(Scenic Film) Xiangyang--The Hometown of Meng Haoran
-第二讲 春江花月夜/A Moonlit Night on the Spring River
--PPT
--Microlecture:Appreciation of the Best Ever Poem "A Moonlit Night on the Spring River "
--Microlecture:Transcendental Beauty of " A Moonlit Night on the Spring River "
--Microlecture Test
-单元作业/Unit Assignment
-单元导学/Unit Guidance
--Microlecture:Love Is the Combination of Two Semicircles
-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading
--Literature Appreciation：汉广/A Woodcutter’s Love
--Relevant Material: 诗经/The Book of Songs
--Literature Appreciation：西洲曲/Song of West Isle
--Relevant Material：南北朝民歌/Folk Songs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties
--Literature Appreciation：爱/Love
--About the Writer:张爱玲/ Zhang Ailing
--Literature Appreciation：神雕侠侣（节选）/ The Return of the Condor Heroes（Extracts）
--About the Writer: 金庸/Jin Yong
--Literature Appreciation： 红楼梦（节选）/The Dream of the Red Chamber（Extracts）
--About the Writer: 曹雪芹/Cao Xueqin
-第一讲 汉广/A Woodcutter’s Love
--PPT
--Microlecture:"A Woodcutter’s Love" Is Enjoyed for a Thousand Years
--Microlecture:Love Is Always Young
--Microlecture:Near the End of the World —— the Situation of Admiration in A Woodcutter’s Love
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource:(Cartoon) Confucius Institute's Evaluation of the Book of Songs
-第二讲 西洲曲/Song of West Isle
--PPT
--Microlecture:The Ingenious Use of Pun in “Song of West Isle”
--Microlecture:A Comparative Analysis of Love Poems in the Northern and Southern Dynasties
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource：(Ink Wash Painting) Lotus Picking
-单元作业/Unit Assignment
-单元导学/Unit Guidance
--Microlecture:Humanity Is the Eternal River of Light
-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading
--Literature Appreciation：示众/A Public Example
--Literature Appreciation：鸭窠围的夜/A Night at Mallard-Nest Village
--About the Writer: 沈从文/Shen Congwen
--Literature Appreciation：百合花/Lilies
--About he Writer: 茹志鹃/Ru Zhijuan
--Literature Appreciation：受戒/The Love Story of a Young Monk
--About the Writer:汪曾祺 Wang Zengqi
-第一讲 示众/A Public Example
--PPT
--Microlecture:Lu Xun’s Humor and Profundity
--Microlecture:The Ingenious Use of the Technique of "Display" in A Public Example
--Microlecture:To See and Be Seen
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource: (Movie clip) Lu Xun's Speech
-第二讲 鸭窠围的夜/A Night at Mallard-Nest Village
--PPT
--Microlecture:The Compassion of the Eternal Night.
--Microlecture:Listening to the Narration of the Eternal Night
--Microlecture Test
--Extended Resource:(Scenic Film) Fenghuang--The Hometown of Shen Congwen
-单元作业/Unit Assignment
-Final Exam