3.4.2 古代学校教育 Ancient school education在线视频

朋友 您好 欢迎您 走进中国
Hello! Welcome to the Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
and know more about China.

今天 我们来学习古代学校教育
Today we are going to study ancient Chinese School Education

中国古代学校教育按性质可以分为官学和私学两大类
In ancient China, school education can be divided into official school and private school by nature.

官学 就是指古代各级官府主办的学校
Official school, it is to point to ancient times the school that government of all levels holds,

也就是官员预备学校
Namely official prep school.

官学在各个朝代名称各不相同
Official schools had different names in different dynasties,

比如西周称国学 汉朝称太学
For example, the Western Zhou Dynasty called Guoxue, the Han Dynasty called Taixue,

唐朝称弘文馆 宋朝称国子监等等
the Tang Dynasty called Hongwenguan, the Song Dynasty called the Imperial Academy and so on.

官学的招生非常严格
Official school recruit students is strict,

需要有一定品级的官员才能入学
only certain grade official can be recruited,

平民百姓的子女一般是不能入学的
the children of common people cannot enter a school.

除了兴盛发达的官学以外
In addition to the flourishing and developed official schools,

私学在中国古代学校教育中也占有重要地位
Private schools also played an important role in ancient Chinese school education.

春秋末期 孔子首开私人讲学
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius gave his first private lectures,

被后人称为 至圣先师
later known as the "most holy teacher".

他在杏坛讲授学问 有3000多弟子
He taught at the altar of apricot, and had more than 3,000 disciples,

其中非常有成就的就有72位
72 of whom were very successful.

他教授的内容有礼 乐 射 御 书 数六种科目
He taught six subjects: politeness, music, archery, imperial, calligraphy, math and so on.

汉朝以后 私学已经成为教育制度的重要组成部分
After the Han dynasty, private learning had become an important part of the educational system.

启蒙教育几乎全在私学里进行
Enlightenment education was conducted almost entirely in private schools,

它也在教学内容上比官学更多地承担了儒家学说之外的文化知识的传授
and in terms of teaching content, it also assumed more of the imparting of cultural knowledge other than Confucianism,

比如法律 天文 医学等等
such as law, astronomy, medicine and so on.

私塾是古代私人办学的一种形式
Private school is a form of private education in ancient times.

包括教师自己创办的学校
These include schools founded by teachers themselves,

学生家庭设立的家庭学馆
family schools set up by students' families,

还有用集体的收入或私人捐款兴办的义塾等
and voluntary schools established with collective income or private donations.

在这种教学体系中
In this system,

富裕人家聘请教师教育家中的子女
rich families hire the children of teachers and educators,

普通人家共同出资聘请一位老师
while ordinary families jointly pay for a teacher.

这种私塾教育一直是中国古代教育的主要形式
This kind of private school education has been the main form of education in ancient China.

书院 也是中国古代教育中一种很有特色的教育组织
Academy is also a special educational organization in ancient Chinese education.

书院开始于唐代 兴盛于宋代
Academy began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.

嵩阳书院 岳麓书院 白鹿洞书院 应天书院是中国著名的四大书院
Songyang Academy, Yuelu Academy, Bailudong Academy and Yingtian Academy are four famous academies in China.

其中嵩阳书院地处风景秀丽的河南嵩山脚下
Songyang Academy is located at the foot of the beautiful Songshan mountain in Henan province,

环境优美 交通便利
with beautiful environment and convenient transportation,

是古人读书研讨的好场所
It is a good place for ancient people to study and discuss.

那么与普通官学和私学相比
Then compared with ordinary official schools and private schools,

书院到底有什么特色呢
what are the characteristics of academies?

一般来说
Generally speaking,

书院环境讲究自然 宁静 清幽 淡雅 文人气息浓厚
the academy environment is natural, tranquility, serenity, quietly elegant, strong literati atmosphere.

它的教学内容与官学差不多
Its teaching content is similar with the official school,

大多是四书五经之类的学问
mostly is the knowledge of four books and five classics and so on ,

但教育方法非常不同
but the education method is very different.

第一 学生以自学为主 教师指导为辅
First, students mainly study by themselves, supplemented by teachers' guidance;

第二 教学和学术研究相结合
Second,it is the combination of teaching and academic research;

第三 书院允许不同学派共同讲学
Thirdly, the academy allows different schools to give lectures together

开展不同学术思想的讨论
and discuss different academic ideas;

第四 书院不反对科举 却不重视科举
Fourth, the academy did not oppose the imperial examination, but did not attach importance to it.

书院采用开放式教学形式
The academy adopts the open teaching form,

有利于学术交流
which is conducive to academic exchanges

开阔学生的视野
and broadens students' horizons.

很多有名的大师都在书院讲过学
Many famous masters have taught in the academy.

比如朱熹 程颢 程颐等都在嵩阳书院里讲过学
For example, Zhu Xi, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi all taught in Songyang Academy.

书院在办学形式 教学组织 教学方法方面
Academy in the form of running schools, teaching organization, teaching methods,

都积累了非常丰富的经验
have accumulated very rich experience,

对古代教育产生过深远的影响
had a profound impact on the ancient education.

好 古代学校教育我们先学习到这里 谢谢
OK ancient school education we first learn here, thank you!