4.3.1 京剧 Peking Opera在线视频

朋友 您好 欢迎您 走进中国
Hello, Welcome to the Overview of China!

了解更多关于中国的知识
Let's learn more about China.

今天 我们一起来欣赏中国戏曲的魅力
Today, let's enjoy the charm of Chinese opera.

戏曲指的是中国传统的戏剧
Chinese Opera refers to the traditional Chinese drama

其综合了对白 音乐 歌唱 舞蹈
which combines dialogue, music, singing, dancing,

武术和杂技等多种表演方式
martial arts and acrobatics.

是中国最具有民族特点和风格的艺术样式之一
It is one of the artistic styles with the most national characteristics and styles in China.

中国戏曲与古希腊悲喜剧 印度梵剧
Chinese opera, Greek tragicomedy and Indian Brahman fàn drama

并称为世界三大古剧
are called the world's three major ancient dramas.

中国的戏曲始终扎根于民间
Chinese opera has always been rooted in the people

为人民所喜闻乐见
and is loved by Chinese people.

中国戏曲种类很多 约有360多种
There are many kinds of Chinese operas, about 360 kinds.

目前的五大剧种分别是
At present, the five major operas are

京剧 越剧 黄梅戏 评剧和豫剧
Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Pingju Opera and Henan Opera

都被国务院列入
which were listed by the State Council

第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录
as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.

其它比较著名的戏曲种类还有
Other famous opera types include

昆曲 粤剧 川剧
Kunqu opera, cantonese opera, Sichuan opera

秦腔 河北梆子 河南坠子 湖南花鼓戏等
Qin opera, Hebei bangzi, Henan zhuizi, Hunan huagu opera, etc.

京剧
Beijing opera

京剧是中国最具代表性的传统戏曲
Beijing opera is the most representative traditional opera in China.

主要用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏
It is mainly accompanied by Hu Qin, gongs and drums

被称为中国国粹
and is called the quintessence of Chinese culture.

2010年
In 2010,

京剧被列入
Beijing opera was included in

世界非物质文化遗产代表作名录
the world's representative list of intangible cultural heritage.

京剧的前身是徽剧
Beijing opera was originally Hui opera.

清代乾隆年间
During the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty,

四大徽班进京演出
the four Hui troupes performed in Beijing.

他们又吸收了
They absorbed some tunes and performing methods

湖北汉剧 江苏昆曲 陕西秦腔的某些曲调和表演方法
from Hubei Han Opera, Jiangsu Kunqu Opera, and Shaanxi Qin Opera.

通过不断交流融合
Through continuous communication and integration,

最终形成京剧
Beijing opera was finally formed.

经典剧目有
Classic plays include:

贵妃醉酒
Drunken Imperial Concubine

三岔口
Crossroads

四郎探母
Silang Visits Mother

铡美案 等
and Zha Mei Case

京剧表演的艺术手法是
The artistic technique of Beijing opera performance is

唱 念 做 打
singing, reading, doing and playing.

唱指歌唱
"Singing" refers to singing songs;

念指具有音乐性的念白
reading refers to the musical narration;

做指舞蹈化的形体动作
"Doing" refers to dancing movements;

打是指武打和翻跌的技艺
"playing" refers to the skill of fighting and tumbling.

这也是京剧表演的四项基本功
These are the four basic skills of Beijing opera performance.

京剧舞台上的角色分为
The roles on the Beijing opera stage are divided into four types:

生 旦 净 丑四种类型
male roles, female roles, painted roles, and clowns.

这四种类型在京剧里叫做 行当
These four types are called "hangdang" in Beijing opera.

不同角色的人物都有一种大概的谱式
The characters of different roles have a general notation

就像唱歌 奏乐要按照乐谱一样
just like singing and playing music according to music scores.

所以称为脸谱
So they are called "facial makeup".

京剧脸谱
Besides, Peking opera facial makeup

是一种具有中国文化特色的特殊化妆方法
is a special makeup method with Chinese cultural characteristics

用各种色彩表示人物的性格和角色
which uses various colors to express the characteristics and role of the characters.

如 红色表示忠勇
For example, red indicates loyalty and courage,

黑色表示正直 刚烈
black indicates integrity and integrity,

白色表示奸诈 阴险
and white indicates treachery and malice.

京剧脸谱成为中国传统文化的标识之一
Beijing Opera facial makeup has become one of the symbols of Chinese traditional culture.

京剧流派众多
There are many schools of Peking Opera

名家无数
and numerous famous artists

其中最为著名的是四大名旦
of which the most famous are four famous female roles:

梅兰芳 程砚秋 尚小云和荀惠生
Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.

接下来 我们来欣赏一段京剧
Next, let's enjoy a Peking Opera

贵妃醉酒
The Drunken Imperial Concubine

该剧描写的是杨贵妃深受唐明皇的宠爱
The play depicts Yang Guifei being deeply loved by Tang Minghuang.

杨贵妃约唐明皇百花亭赴宴
Yang Guifei asked Tang Minghuang Baihua Pavilion to go to the feast.

但是等了很久
She waited for a long time,

都没来
but he did not come.

随后知道
Then she learned that

皇帝已经回到西宫
the emperor had returned to the Western Palace

于是羞怒交加
She was ashamed and exasperated.

就命令高力士和裴力士
She ordered Gao Lishi and Peilishi

给她添杯奉盏
to add a cup of wine to her.

最后喝得大醉
Finally she got very drunk

后来怅然返宫的一段情节
and then she returned to the Palace disappointed.

表达了杨贵妃由期盼到失望
It expressed Yang Guifei's complex mood from expectation to disappointment

再到怨恨的复杂心情
and then to resentment.

好 关于中国京剧我们先欣赏到这里
That's all for the appreciation of Chinese opera. Let's stop here!

稍作休息 我们再开启新的旅程吧
Let's have a rest and then start the new journey in the next video.