3.3.3 中国现代经济政策和体制 China's modern economic policy and system在线视频

朋友 您好 欢迎您 走进中国
Hello! Welcome to Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
to know more about China.

现在我们一起来学习中国现代经济
Now let's learn about China's Modern Economy.

1840年鸦片战争之后
After the Opium War in 1840,

中国逐步沦为
China was gradually reduced into

半殖民地半封建社会
a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society,

自然经济逐渐解体
and the natural economy gradually disintegrated.

19世纪60年代洋务运动兴起
The Westernization Movement arose in the 1860s,

催生了一大批近代工业
giving birth to a large number of modern industries,

民族资本主义形成并缓慢发展
and national capitalism came into being and developed slowly.

抗日战争胜利后
After the victory of the Anti Japanese War,

受帝国主义 封建主义和官僚资本主义的压迫
under the oppression of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism,

民族资本主义发展几近停滞
the development of national capitalism came to standstill.

1949年新中国成立后
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,

经过国民经济的恢复
through the restoration of the national economy,

土地改革 一五计划
Agrarian Reform, the " Five-Year Plan"

以及农业 手工业
and the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicraft industry

和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造
and capitalist industry and commerce,

建立起了社会主义制度
the socialist system was established

初步建立了较为完整的工业体系
and a relatively complete industrial system was initially established.

但是 中国经济也走了一些弯路
However, China's economy also took some detours,

这使得国民经济发展速度受到了极大的影响
which greatly affected the speed of national economic development.

1978年改革开放后
After the Reform and Opening up in 1978,

在农村实行家庭联产承包责任制
the household contract responsibility system was implemented in the countryside

在城市进行国有企业改制
and state-owned enterprises were restructured in the cities.

提高了劳动者的积极性
Increased the enthusiasm of the workers,

国民经济开始快速发展
the national economy began to develop rapidly.

1992年中国共产党十四大
In 1992, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC)

提出了建立社会主义市场经济体制的目标
set the goal of establishing a Socialist Market Economy.

中国经济进入新的改革时期
The Chinese economy entered a new period of reform

2010年发展成为世界第二大经济体
and developed into the world's second largest economy in 2010.

改革开放
Reform and Opening up

1978年12月
In December 1978,

中国共产党的十一届三中全会
the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee of the CPC

提出以经济建设为中心
put economic development at the center,

实行改革开放的政策
carrying out the policy of reform and opening up.

中国开始对内改革 对外开放
China began to reform at home and open up to the outside world.

中国的对内改革首先从农村开始
China's domestic reforms began first in the countryside.

1978年11月 安徽凤阳小岗村
In November 1978, Xiaogang village in Fengyang, Anhui province took the lead

率先实行 分田到户 自负盈亏的
in implementing the Household Contract Responsibility System of

家庭联产承包责任制
"dividing the land into households and assuming responsibility for their own profits and losses".

这一制度逐渐推广到全国
This system was gradually extended to the whole country,

调动了农民的生产积极性
arousing farmers' enthusiasm in production,

粮食产量大幅度提高
greatly increasing grain output,

解决了广大农民的温饱问题
and solving the problem of food and clothing for the majority of farmers.

在农村改革获得成功的基础上
Building on the success of the rural reform,

1985年 城市改革全面展开
urban reform was launched in 1985,

重点是对国有企业进行改制
focusing on the restructuring of state-owned enterprises,

实行政企分开
the separation of government administration from enterprise management,

扩大企业自主经营权
the expansion of enterprises' independent management rights,

使企业成为自主经营
and the making of enterprises into market entities with independent management

自负盈亏的市场主体
and responsibility for their own profits and losses.

为适应改革开放和经济发展的需要
To meet the needs of reform and opening up and economic development,

自1980年开始 先后在深圳 珠海 汕头 厦门 海南和
since 1980, seven special economic zones have been established

新疆的霍尔果斯 喀什建立了7个经济特区
in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen, Hainan and Horgos and Kashgar in Xinjiang.

在经济特区内
In the special economic zones,

实行特殊的经济政策和特殊的经济管理体制
special economic policies and special economic management systems shall be implemented

坚持发展外向型经济
and export-oriented economy shall be developed.

随后 进一步开放了大连 天津 青岛 连云港等
Subsequently, 14 coastal cities including Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao and Lianyungang

14个沿海城市
were further opened.

又陆续将长江三角洲 珠江三角洲 闽南三角地区等
The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Minnan Delta Area

辟为经济开放区
were also turned into an economic open area.

1992年 随着上海浦东 天津滨海等
In 1992, with the establishment of state-level new areas such as Pudong in Shanghai

国家级新区的设立
and Binhai in Tianjin,

先后建立了54个国家级高新区 15个保税区
54 state-level high-tech zones, 15 bonded zones,

13个保税港区 9个综合保税区
13 bonded ports, 9 comprehensive bonded zones

和12个自由贸易试验区等
and 12 pilot free trade zones were successively established.

这样 中国就形成了沿海 沿江 沿边 内陆地区
In this way, China has formed an all-dimensional, multi-tiered and wide-ranging pattern of

相结合的全方位 多层次 宽领域的对外开放格局
opening up in coastal areas, along the river, along the border and inland areas.

1978年以来 中国是同期世界上经济发展最快的国家
Since 1978, China has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in the world,

实现了经济持续高速增长
achieving sustained and rapid economic growth

创造了中国经济奇迹
and creating a Chinese economic miracle.

中国成功地破除了传统的计划经济体制
China has successfully broken the traditional planned economy system

成功建立起社会主义市场经济新体制
and established a new socialist market economy system.

五年规划
Five-Year Plan

五年规划 原称五年计划
The Five-Year Plan (formerly known as the Five-Year Project)

是中国国民经济计划的重要组成部分
is an important part of China's national economic plan

属于长期计划
and a long-term plan.

主要是对国家重大建设项目
It is mainly to make plans for major national construction projects,

生产力分布和国民经济
the distribution of productive forces and the relationship

重要比例关系等作出规划
between the important proportion of the national economy,

为国民经济发展远景规定目标和方向
so as to set goals and directions for the long-term development of the national economy.

中国从1953年开始实施第一个 五年计划
China began its first Five-Year Plan in 1953.

从 十一五 起 五年计划 改为 五年规划
Since the eleventh Five-Year Plan, the Five-Year Project has been changed to the Five-Year Plan.

五年规划是中国经济社会发展的独特经验
The Five-Year Plan is a unique experience of China's economic and social development

并已成为中国发展的制度优势
and has become the institutional advantage of China's development.

随着经济社会的转型
With the economic and social transformation,

中国的五年规划主要是为宏观经济活动提供框架性指导
China's Five-Year Plan mainly provides framework guidance for macroeconomic activities

为政府履行公共服务职责提供依据
and a basis for the government to fulfill its public service responsibilities.

五年规划是中国国家治理的重要手段
The Five-Year Plan is not only an important means of China's national governance,

也是评价国家治理绩效的重要依据
but also an important basis for evaluating its performance.

中国特色社会主义市场经济体制
Socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics

1992年初
At the beginning of 1992,

邓小平在南巡讲话中指出
Deng Xiaoping pointed out in his southern tour speech that

计划经济不等于社会主义 资本主义也有计划
"Planned economy is not equal to socialism. Capitalism also has a plan;"

市场经济不等于资本主义 社会主义也有市场
"A market economy is not capitalism. Socialism also has markets."

计划和市场都是经济手段
"Planning and markets are economic means."

这一讲话解放了人们的思想
This speech liberated people's minds

推动了经济体制改革向深入发展
and promoted the deepening of economic restructuring.

中国共产党的十四大确立了
The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

建设社会主义市场经济的总目标
has set the general goal of building a socialist market economy.

在中国建立社会主义市场经济体制
Establishing the socialist market economy system in China,

突破了市场经济和社会主义相互对立的传统观念
has breakthrough the rival traditional of market economy and socialism,

将国家宏观调控和市场对资源配置的
effectively combining state macro-control with

决定性作用有效结合起来
the decisive role of the market in resource allocation,

极大地解放了社会生产力
greatly liberating the productive forces,

形成了以公有制为主体 多种所有制并存
formed a system in which public ownership is the main body, multiple forms of ownership coexist,

以按劳分配为主体
distribution according to work is the main body,

多种分配制度相结合的体制
and multiple distribution systems are combined.

在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中
In the process of establishing a socialist market economy,

中国积极融入世界经济全球化
China has actively integrated into the world economic globalization.

2001年 中国加入世界贸易组织（WTO）
China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001

对中国经济发展意义重大 影响深远
was of great significance and far-reaching impact on China's economic development.

首先 中国加强了与世界各国各地区的经贸联系
First, China has strengthened economic and trade ties with countries and regions around the world,

改善了国际贸易环境
improved the international trade environment,

实现出口市场多元化
diversified export markets

促进了国际贸易事业的发展
and promoted the development of international trade.

其次 中国可以吸收更多的外国投资
Second, China can absorb more foreign investment

为国民经济持续 快速 健康发展注入新的活力
injected new vitality into the sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy.

这为中国有效地参与经济全球化
This has created important conditions and guarantees

创造了重要条件和保障
for China's effective participation in economic globalization.

自加入世界贸易组织（WTO）以来
Since its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO),

中国经济取得了巨大的发展成就
China has made great achievements in economic development,

2010年成为世界第二大经济体
becoming the world's second largest economy in 2010.

中国对全球减贫的贡献率超过70%
China has contributed over 70% of the world's population to poverty reduction,

成为世界上减贫人口最多的国家
making it the country with the largest number of people in poverty reduction.

好 关于中国经济政策和经济体制的内容就到这里 谢谢
That's all for China's economic policy and economic system. Thank you.