5.1源远流长的古代中外交流 Ancient exchanges between China and foreign countries在线视频

朋友 您好 欢迎您走进中国
Hello! My friends , Welcome to the Overview of China

了解更多关于中国的知识
and know more about China.

今天我们一起来了解波澜壮阔的中外交流
Today we are going to learn magnificent Sino-foreign communication

首先让我们一起领略
Firstly let’s appreciate

源远流长的古代中外交流的情况
the long-standing ancient Sino-foreign communication

作为农业文明的大国
As a great country of agricultural civilization,

中国自古以来
since ancient times, China has had

就同周边文明有着各种各样的文化交流
various cultural exchanges with surrounding civilizations.

在这其中有暴力的战争
Among them, there were violent wars,

也有和平的商贸 文化交流
peaceful commerce and cultural exchanges.

其中 璀璨辉煌的对外物质文化交流
During which, the brilliant tangible cultural exchange

尤其引人瞩目
was especially impressive.

丝绸 茶叶 瓷器 以及四大发明等
Silk, tea, porcelain, and the Four Great Inventions

通过陆上和海上丝绸之路远销欧洲
spread to Europe via the Overland and Maritime Silk Road.

当然 在制度 精神层面的中外交流也同样精彩
Of course, the institutional and spiritual exchanges were also wonderful.

佛教 伊斯兰教文明传入中国
Buddhism and Islam were introduced into China.

甚至基督教文明也曾在中国境内一度 寺满百城
Even Christian churches was once full of hundreds of cities in China.

中国的儒家学说也传播到朝鲜半岛 日本 越南
Chinese Confucianism also spread to Korean Peninsula, Japan and Vietnam,

以及近代以来新加坡与东南亚华人聚居地区
and modern Chinese inhabited areas in Singapore and Southeast Asia.

早在先秦时期
As early as the pre-Qin period,

中华文明已经与周边文明有着各种文化上的交流
Chinese civilization has had cultural exchanges with its neighbors.

到了秦汉时期
During the Qin and Han Dynasties,

这种文化交往就更加频繁
cultural exchanges became more frequent.

公元前138年
In 138 BC,

汉武帝为了北击匈奴
in order to against the Huns, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty,

派遣张骞出使西域
sent Zhang Qian as an ambassador to the Western Regions,

开辟了丝绸之路
and opened up the Silk Road.

西域的各种物产
Different special local products of the Western Regions,

如苜蓿 葡萄 石榴等传入中原地区
such as alfalfa, grapes, pomegranates were introduced to the Central Plains.

中原地区的丝绸 茶叶等
Silk, tea, etc of the Central Plains

也源源不断地销往中亚和欧洲地区
were spread to the Central Asia and Europe continuously.

东汉末年
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty,

群雄并起 三国分立
Three Kingdoms had fragmented for a long time.

征战不已 民不聊生
People couldn’t have peaceful life because of endless wars.

魏晋南北朝时期频繁的战争
Frequent wars during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties,

让人们纷纷寻求宗教的安慰
made people seek comfort from religions.

除了本土的道教兴起
In addition to the rise of native Taoism,

外来的佛教也兴盛一时
foreign Buddhism also flourished once.

南朝四百八十寺
“Innumerable temples in the Southern Dynasty,

多少楼台烟雨中
most of them were standing in the misty rain.”

这一时期
During this period,

不仅有大量的印度僧人来到中原地区
not only a large number of Indian monks came to China,

而且也有很多中国僧人西行求佛法
and there were also many Chinese monks going west to seek Dharma.

在这其中东晋的法显就是最著名的一位
Fa Xian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the most famous one.

他从陆上丝绸之路到达印度
He arrived in India by the overland Silk Road,

又从海路回到中国
and back to China by sea.

著有 佛国记 一书
He wrote his book named A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms.

印度僧人达摩东渡中国
The Indian monk Bodhidharma traveled east to China,

在少林寺修行传法
practiced and preached in Shaolin Temple,

开创了禅宗
and started the Chan sect

因此 少林寺也被称为禅宗祖庭
for this reason the Shaolin Temple is also called Zen Ancestral Temple.

隋唐时期
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties,

中国国力强盛 文化开放
The national strength was strong and the culture was opened up to the world.

中外文化交流蓬勃发展
Cultural exchanges between China and other countries have flourished.

阿拉伯商人 波斯商人沿着丝绸之路东来
Arab and Persian merchants came along the Silk Road,

在长安城经商贸易
did business trade in Chang’an.

日本和朝鲜的遣唐使纷纷来到中国
Envoys from Japan and Korea came to China,

学习唐朝的文化和制度
learned the culture and system of the Tang Dynasty.

他们也带来了高丽乐
They also brought the Koryo music,

深刻影响了中国的音乐文化
which deeply influenced Chinese music culture.

像日本的遣唐使阿倍仲麻吕
Japanese envoys such as Abeno Nakamaro,

吉备真备和高僧空海等
Kibi Makibi and Great Master Kukai,etc.

他们将唐朝的典章制度带回日本
they brought the laws and regulations of the Tang Dynasty back to Japan

深刻影响了日本文化
and deeply influenced Japanese culture.

唐朝时期也有很多中国人
During the Tang Dynasty, many Chinese people made outstanding contributions

为中外文化交流做出突出贡献
to the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.

玄奘西行天竺求法
Xuan Zang went west to explore the dharma,

带回来很多佛经
brought back many Buddhist scriptures,

他还著有 大唐西域记
and wrote the book Records on the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty.

成为研究此一时期西域与印度最宝贵的资料
It was the most valuable material for studying the Western Regions and India in that period.

鉴真不畏艰险东渡日本弘法
Jianzhen braved the dangers to travel east to Japan to carry forward the dharma

最后在日本去世
and died in Japan.

宋元时期
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties,

中外文化交流中
in cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries,

海上丝绸之路的文化交流蓬勃发展
cultural exchanges along the maritime Silk Road have flourished.

意大利人马可 波罗来到元大都
The Italian Marco Polo came to the capital city of the Yuan Dynasty.

在中国游历17年
He had been living in China for about 17 years,

还曾任元朝的官吏
and was also an official in the Yuan Dynasty.

他的经历被写成了 马可•波罗游记
His experiences were turned into The Travels of Marco Polo,

激发了西方人对中国的狂热向往
which stimulated westerners' enthusiasm for China.

明朝时
During the Ming Dynasty,

利玛窦 汤若望等欧洲传教士
Matteo Ricci, Johann Adam Schall von Bell and other European missionaries

先后来华
came to China successively,

与徐光启等合作开展翻译活动
cooperated with Xu Guangqi to carry out translation activities.

把欧洲的天文 数学 地理等著作介绍到中国
They introduced European works on astronomy, mathematics and geography to China,

同时把中国的 大学 论语 等典籍
and introduced The Great Learning, The Analects of Confucius

介绍到欧洲
and other Chinese classics to Europe.

欧洲学者称之为 一次相互的启蒙
European scholars called it "a mutual enlightenment".

1405—1433年
During 1405-1433,

明成祖命郑和率领庞大船队七下西洋
Ming Emperor Cheng Zu ordered Zheng He to lead a huge fleet to the Western Seas seven times.

访问了30多个在西太平洋和印度洋的国家和地区
Visited more than 30 countries and regions in the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans,

加深了中国同东南亚 东非的友好关系
deepened China's friendly relations with southeast Asia and East Africa.

但在明朝中后期
But in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,

随着东南沿海倭患盛行
with prevalence of pirates in the southeast coastal area,

明政府开始实行海禁政策
the Ming government began the implement of the policy of banning the sea.

到了清代 为了巩固统治
To the Qing Dynasty, in order to consolidate the govern,

实行闭关锁国政策
the policy of isolation was put it effect

让中外交流仅限于广州一地
which made the Sino-foreign exchanges limited to Guangzhou.

中外交流受到了严重的制约
Exchanges between China and foreign countries have been severely restricted.

好 关于古代中国的中外交流情况我们就先介绍到这里 谢谢
Ok! That's all for the Chinese and foreign exchanges in ancient China. Thank you!