Treatment, Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS在线视频

After the confirmation
明确

of diagnosis,
诊断后

what shall we do to
我们应该

deal with the disease?
如何处理疾病呢？

The patients
患者

need treatment.
需要进行治疗

WHO recommends that
根据世界卫生组织建议

people diagnosed with
HIV感染者

HIV should be offered
应该尽早

and linked to
接受

antiretroviral treatment
抗逆转录病毒治疗

as soon as possible. Antiviral drugs can slow
抗病毒药物

Antiviral drugs can slow
可以减缓

progression of disease.
病程的发展

Thus far, antiviral agents
如今，靶向作用于

targeting various
病毒复制周期不同环节

replication cycle steps
的抗病毒药物有

include:(1)binding, fusion-penetration
病毒入胞、融合

(1)binding,
入胞、融合

fusion-penetration inhibitors,
抑制剂

or (2)integrase inhibitors,
或整合酶抑制剂

or (3)protease inhibitors,
或蛋白酶抑制剂

or (4)nucleoside
或核苷类

analogue reverse
逆转录酶

transcriptase inhibitors,
抑制剂

or non-nucleoside
或非核苷类

reverse transcriptase
逆转录酶

inhibitors,
抑制剂

or (5)CCR5 antagonists.
或CCR5拮抗剂

The drugs are used as a
这些药物可用于

part of a multidrug cocktail,
“鸡尾酒”疗法

we call it as highly active
称为高效

antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)

In most cases,
大多数情况下

HAART combines the
HAART治疗中联合

use of three or more
使用三种

anti-HIV drugs from
或三种以上

different classes.
不同类别的抗HIV药物

The good example is the
常联合使用

usage of 1 integrase
1种整合酶抑制剂

inhibitor and 2
和2种核苷类

nucleoside analog RT
逆转录酶抑制剂

inhibitors or 1
或者1种非核苷类

non-nucleoside RT
逆转录酶抑制剂

inhibitor and 2
和2种

nucleoside analog RT
核苷类逆转录酶

inhibitors .
抑制剂

The combination therapy
这种联合治疗方案

can reduce drug
可以降低

resistant,
耐药性

decrease plasma viral
降低血浆中的

load and greatly slow
病毒载量以及

death rate.
降低死亡率

However,
然而

HAART can not eradicate
HAART无法完全清除

the virus and cure AIDS.
病毒并彻底治愈AIDS

The viral reservoirs are
病毒的储存库

hard to overcome.
很难被彻底清除

Sometimes,
某些情况下

immediate treatment
建议马上采取

for Pre-exposure
暴露前

prophylaxis (PrEP) or
预防措施(PrEP)或者

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
暴露后预防(PEP)

is also suggested.
措施

It may significantly
这可以显著

reduce the odds of infection.
减少感染的可能性

Pre-exposure
暴露前预防

prophylaxis is the latest
是一种在原有联合预防基础上

addition to expand
新增的

combination prevention
预防措施

options for people at
适用于

high risk of HIV infection. 
HIV感染高风险人群

Post-exposure
暴露后预防

prophylaxis is a course
是指暴露于

of antiretrovirals
HIV阳性的血液

administered within 48 to
或者生殖道分泌物后

72 hours after exposure
48-72小时内

to HIV-positive blood or
采取抗逆转录病毒

genital secretions. 
治疗的措施

Due to the high expense,
因为治疗费用高

the strict adherence,
用药所需的严格的药物依从性

and the side effects,
以及副作用等原因

universal application of
普及使用HAART治疗

HAART is difficult.
难度非常大

The best option to stop
阻断AIDS传播

the spread of AIDS is a
最好的方法是

safe and effective vaccine.
接种安全、高效的疫苗

The question is why
那为什么

haven’t we got an AIDS
到目前为止仍没有有效的

vaccine by now?
AIDS疫苗呢

There are many
制作理想的

challenges in
AIDS疫苗

development of an ideal
要面临许多

vaccine:
挑战

1).HIV mutates rapidly,
1).HIV变异快

creating a moving target
对于免疫应答的建立

for both immune
和疫苗设计来说

response and any
靶标变化

vaccine design.
过快

2).The persistent viral
2).病毒储存库

reservoirs are hard to
很难完全

eliminate.
被清除

3).The vaccine must be
3).制备的疫苗必须能够

designed to elicit neutralizing
有效诱导中和

antibody and
抗体的产生

cell-mediated immunity
和激活细胞免疫

effectively,
应答

avoiding the
同时避免

immunity-mediated
免疫病理

pathogenesis at the
相关的

same time.
致病作用

In addition,
此外

good animal models for
用于疫苗试验的

testing these vaccines
良好动物模型

are limited and expensive.
数量有限且价格昂贵

Anyway,
无论如何

we hope that the
我们希望

scientists take an intense
科学家们能够

effort to devise,
尽最大的努力

test, and deliver a safe
最终制备出

and effective vaccine for
安全、有效的

AIDS ultimately.
艾滋病疫苗

HIV/AIDS has claimed
全世界数百万人因

millions of lives worldwide.
HIV/AIDS失去生命

It is a significant task to
AIDS的防控是

control the disease,
一项重大的任务

hopefully to end
也是结束艾滋病

the epidemic.
流行的希望

What approaches can
我们可以采用什么方法

we take to cope with the task?
进行防控呢？

The essential and
开展关于

effective way of control
HIV传播途径

HIV infection is by
和HIV预防方法

educating the population
的宣传教育

about the methods of
是控制HIV感染

transmission and the
最首要

preventive measures.
最有效的措施

For instance:
例如

Monogamous relationships,
提倡一夫一妻的关系

safe sex,
安全性行为

No needle sharing,
不共用注射器

Strict infection-control
对献血（血液采集）

procedures in blood
和各项医疗操作

banks and healthy-care practice,
实施严格的感染防控措施

A successful anti-HIV
文献表明

education campaign in
在一些发展中国家

some developing
成功的AIDS预防

countries has been cited
宣传教育

as effective as antiviral
与抗病毒治疗一样

drugs for saving lives.
都能有效的拯救生命

There are other ways
其他的防控方法包括

such as overall safety of
保障输血和

blood and blood products,
血液制品以及

circumcision,
包皮环割术的安全

national monitoring.
建立国家监测网

People testing positive
HIV抗体阳性的人

for HIV must not donate blood.
禁止献血

Circumcision of males
实施男性包皮环割术

reduces the risk of infection.
可以降低感染风险

The national monitoring
全球监控

and cooperation is
和地区合作

helpful to campaign for
有助于

global prevention.
全球性预防

On the whole,
总之

in order to defeating HIV/AIDS,
为了战胜HIV/AIDS

UNAIDS proposed one of
联合国艾滋病规划署

the strategies”getting to
提出“零艾滋”战略（2011-2015）

the zero”: zero new infections,
“零艾滋”的内涵为零新增

zero discrimination,
零歧视

zero AIDS related
零AIDS相关

death”(2011-2015).
死亡

Although the goal didn’t
虽然这个目标

reach by 2015,
在2015年未能实现

the campaigns are still
但人类抗击AIDS疫情的工作

on the way.
仍在继续

Through paving ways for
通过在全世界范围内

prevention and
实施广泛的

education programs
预防和宣传教育

around the world,
措施

expanding drug access
提高药物使用的

programs,
普遍性

speeding up vaccine development,
加快疫苗研制

strengthening the cooperation,
加强地区合作

etc,
等等

ending the AIDS
未来，消灭AIDS

epidemic is possible.
将成为可能

At this time,
现在

we have finished all the key
我们已经学完了HIV的

contents of HIV.
主要内容

Here are main
表格中是

summaries in the table.
一些重要内容的总结

You can review them and
同学们可以结合学习目标

connect the leaning
回顾这些内容

objectives for further
由此更好地

comprehension.
理解

Finally,
最后

there is a case for you.
给同学们一个案例

Draw a mindmap to
请完成这个案例的

analyse the case.
思维导图

Here is the list of the
以下是参考书目

reference books and
以及

websites cited.
引用内容的网址

Thank you for your attention!
感谢同学们的聆听