Viruses Causing Acute Gastroenteritis在线视频

Now let's turn to viruses
现在让我们一起来学习

causing acute gastroenteritis.
急性胃肠炎病毒

Gastroenteritis is defined as the
胃肠炎是

inflammation of the mucous membranes
胃肠道黏膜

of the gastrointestinal
的炎症性疾病

(GI) tract

and is characterized
炎症

by diarrhea or vomiting. 
会导致腹泻或呕吐

A number of viruses
许多病毒

can cause gastroenteritis.
都会导致胃肠炎

The viruses are ingested and cause
病毒被摄入体内

the acute illness of GI tract.
并引起胃肠道的急性炎症病变

The pathogenesis of viruses causing
导致胃肠炎的病毒的致病机理

gastroenteritis is different from that
与肠道病毒

of enteroviruses.
不同

Both can be transmitted
两者

by the fecal-oral route.
都可以

by the fecal-oral route.
通过粪口途径传播

The enteroviruses usually
肠道病毒通常

do not lead to intestinal symptoms,
不会引起肠道炎症症状

but viruses causing gastroenteritis
但是胃肠炎病毒

do cause enteric diseases.
却可以引起肠道疾病

Acute gastroenteritis
急性胃肠炎

is a very common condition.
是很常见的疾病

Worldwide, gastroenteritis
全球范围内

gastroenteritis affects
每年有30到50亿儿童

3 to 5 billion children each year,
发生胃肠炎

and accounts for 1.5
有150万至250万人

to 2.5 million deaths per year
因此死亡

or 12% of all deaths among children
这占5岁以下儿童

less than 5 years of age.
死亡总数的12%

Viruses are the most important etiology
病毒是儿童急性胃肠炎

and are responsible for approximately
重要的原因

70% of the episodes
是约70%的急性胃肠炎

of acute gastroenteritis in children.
的直接原因

Bacterial infection accounts
细菌感染占

for 10% to 20%
急性胃肠炎的

for 10% to 20%
10%到20%

of all the acute gastroenteritis
10%到20%

Case: “Stomach bug”on Cruise Ships
病例:游轮上的“急性胃肠炎”

Two percent of all passengers
在一艘游轮上

on board a cruise ship became ill with a
百分之二的乘客得了

"stomach bug".
急性胃肠炎

The symptoms included
症状有

stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting,
胃痉挛，恶心，呕吐

stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting,
胃痉挛，恶心，呕吐

and watery diarrhea.
和水样腹泻

Some people even ran
有些人有发烧

a fever or developed chills,
或寒战的症状

and many reported
许多人出现

headache or myalgia.
头痛或肌肉痛

What is the condition?
他们得了什么病？

How can they become infected
他们是如何被感染的？

and how to treat
要如何治疗

and prevent this disease?
并预防这种病？

The viruses causing acute
急性肠胃炎病毒

gastroenteritits include Reoviridae,rotavirus;
包括呼肠病毒科，轮状病毒

Adenoviridae,
腺病毒科

enteric adenovirus,
肠道腺病毒

Caliciviridae, norovirus,
杯状病毒科，诺如病毒

and Astroviridae,
和星状病毒科

astrovirus, and so on.
等

There are over 20 different types of
已知有20多种

viruses that have been identified
不同类型的病毒

as etiological agents.
可以引起急性胃肠炎

Worldwide,
世界范围内

rotavirus is still the most common
轮状病毒依然是最常见的

virus causing acute gastroenteritis.
引起急性肠胃炎的病毒

Rotavirus,
轮状病毒

'rota' means 'wheel'.
“rota”的意思是“轮子”

Reoviridae,
呼肠病毒科

'reo' refers to respiratory
“reo”指的是呼吸道

enteric orphan.
肠道疾病 孤儿

The diameter of a virion
病毒颗粒的直径

is 60-80 nm.
是60-80 nm

is 60-80 nm.
是60-80 nm

No envelope.
没有包膜

Typical structure is as
核心的典型结构称为

"double double":
“双双”

dsRNA,
双链RNA

11 segments and double shells.
有11节段和双层衣壳

Rotavirus is another virus
轮状病毒是另一种带有

with segmented genome.
分节段基因组的病毒

We have already learned
我们已经学过

about influenza virus.
流感病毒

The segmented genome
基因组分节段

will lead to the gene reassortment
会导致基因重配的发生

and associated
这与

with antigenic variation.
抗原多样性有关

Clinical disease is infantile diarrhea
临床上疾病是

in cooler months,
婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻

mostly peaking in late winter.
晚冬是最发病的季节

Typical symptoms include
典型症状包括

a lot of watery diarrhea, fever,
大量水样腹泻，发热

abdominal pain, and vomiting,
腹痛和呕吐

leading to dehydration.
可导致脱水

Treatment and prevention
治疗与预防

The morbidity and mortality associated
轮状病毒腹泻

with rotavirus diarrhea result from
的发病率和死亡率

dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
与脱水和电解质失衡有关

Rehydration therapy is necessary
补液治疗是主要的治疗措施

to replace fluids so that blood volume
以保持血容量

and electrolyte and acid-base
与电解质

imbalances are corrected.
和酸碱平衡

The vaccines should be administered
疫苗

as young as possible.
越早接种越好

Adenoviridae, Enteric adenovirus, EAd.
腺病毒科，肠道腺病毒

Adenovirus is the only DNA virus
腺病毒是这一组病毒中

in this group.
唯一的DNA病毒

Adenovirus is the second most important
腺病毒是在世界范围内

viral agent of endemic diarrheal
引起

illness of infants
婴儿和幼儿

and young children worldwide.
地方性腹泻的第二大因素

Caliciviridae, Norovirus.
杯状病毒科，诺如病毒

Norovirus,
诺如病毒

sometimes called as stomach flu,
有时候被称作胃流感

because of its highly
因为其

contagious feature.
传染性非常强

Norovirus is an important
诺如病毒是

cause of outbreaks of vomiting
家庭，社区等聚集性场所

and diarrheal illness in older children
成年人和大龄儿童

and adults in families,
呕吐 腹泻疾病

communities, and institutions.
的重要原因

So the patients on the ship
所以船上的病人

may be infected by norovirus.
应该是感染了诺如病毒

Did you answer correctly?
你答对了吗？

The last one Astroviridae,
最后一个，星状病毒科

Astrovirus. “Astro-” means star.
星状病毒，“Astro-”是星星的意思

The viruses look like stars
因为这种病毒在电子显微镜下

under the electron microscope.
外形像星星

Astrovirus causes sporadic cases
星状病毒会导致散发病例

and occasional outbreaks of diarrheal
偶尔也导致婴儿

illness in infants,
儿童和老人

young children, and the elderly.
的腹泻性病的爆发

Let's see the viruses
让我们来看看这个图

we learned today in this diagram.
今天学习的病毒

They are Picornaviridae,
有小RNA病毒科

Reoviridae, Adenoviridae,
呼肠病毒科，腺病毒科

Caliciviridae, and Astroviridae.
杯状病毒科和星状病毒科

Let's do this quiz again. This quiz
我们再做一次这个小测验

is from the lecture last week.
这个病例是上节课的内容

Key words are young boy,
关键词有男孩

watery nonbloody diarrhea,
水样非血性腹泻

in winter, dehydrated.
冬季，脱水

So the most likely infecting organism
所以最有可能感染的微生物

should be rotavirus.
应该是轮状病毒

And rotavirus is a segmented
轮状病毒是

dsRNA virus,
分节段双链RNA病毒

so correct answer is C.
所以正确答案是C

These are the viruses spread
这些病毒是通过粪口途径

through fecal-oral route.
传播的病毒

All of them are naked capsid viruses,
它们都是裸病毒

and very resistant
并能耐受

to harsh environmental conditions,
恶劣的环境条件

such （such as?)sewage systems
比如脏水

and gastrointestinal tract.
和胃肠道环境

We are done for another branch
这张思维导图中

in this mindmap. Congratulations!
我们又完成了另一个分支，恭喜大家！

Thank you for your attention.
感谢你的聆听

See you next time.
我们下次再见