当前课程知识点:Gerontological Nursing > CHAPTER6:Nursing Care for the Elderly with Common Health Problems and Diseases > 6.6 Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies > Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies - emaciation
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同学们好
古人云
民以食为天
平衡合理的营养摄入
对于维持机体的健康具有重要作用
但是
在老年人中
由于衰老导致的生理变化
以及社会 经济因素的影响
使老年人容易发生各类营养问题
其中营养缺乏
就是老年人常见的一种营养问题
今天
就让我们一起来了解一下
老年人营养缺乏的相关知识
营养缺乏是指机体从食物中获得的能量
营养素等不能满足身体需要
从而影响生长 发育或生理功能的现象
老年人营养缺乏
容易发生各类营养缺乏性疾病
导致人体内蛋白质与脂肪减少速度过快
体重下降超过正常标准
呈现出消瘦的状态
消瘦使老年人的免疫力低下
加速衰老的进程
对老年人健康的影响程度
比肥胖更加的严重
那么
在临床工作中如何对老年人
的营养缺乏情况进行护理评估呢
我们可以从健康史
临床表现和辅助检查三个方面进行评估
首先
通过对老人健康史的评估
可以了解营养缺乏的潜在原因
从饮食方面
可以询问老人近期的进食情况
他们的食欲 情绪 咀嚼功能
味觉 嗅觉有无改变
另外
有些疾病和药物也可能
影响老人的营养状况
可以询问老人目前是否患有
代谢亢进性疾病
消耗性疾病或者吸收不良性疾病
在药物方面
是否正在服用引起食欲减退
引起恶心或者增加能量代谢的药物
其次
通过对老人症状的评估
也可以有助于营养缺乏的诊断
营养缺乏可导致老人出现疲倦
烦躁 体重减轻 抵抗力降低
和伤口难以愈合等表现
严重者甚至可以出现明显的营养性水肿
最后
可以在前期评估的基础上
结合辅助检查进行判断
常用的指标包括
体重指数和血清蛋白质含量测定
体重指数是目前国际上常用的
衡量人体胖瘦程度的标准
体重指数的计算公式为
体重除以身高的平方
体重指数在17-18.4为轻度消瘦
16-16.9为中度消瘦
16以下为重度消瘦
我们可以通过体重指数的数值
来评价老人的营养情况
血清蛋白质含量测定
是通过采集外周血标本检测
血清中蛋白质含量的多少
来了解营养状况
血清白蛋白为2.9-3.5g/l为
轻度营养不良
2.1-2.8g/l为中度营养不良
小于2.1g/l为重度营养不良
我们也可以通过蛋白质的含量
来评价他的营养状况
此外
还可以通过测量老人的皮褶厚度
或者是采用营养评估问卷
来评估老年人的营养情况
好的
今天的课就上到这里
谢谢大家
-1.1 Human Life Expectancy and Age Classification of the Elderly
--Human Life Expectancy and Age Classification of the Elderly
--【Vedio Recommendation】 How do we measure life expectancy ?
-1.2 Population Aging
--【Literature Recommendation】World Report on Ageing and Health: 2015
-1.3 Influence and Countermeasures of Population Aging
--Influence and Countermeasures of Population Aging
--【Literature Recommendation】World Population Ageing Highlights:2019
-1.4 Goals and Principles of Elderly Care
--Goals and Principles of Elderly Care
--【Book Recommendation】Evidence-Based Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice
-1.5 Theories Related to Elderly Care
--1.5.1 Personality Development Theory and Life Review
--1.5.2 Disengagement Theory and Activity Theory
--1.5.3 Self-efficacy and Chronic Disease Management
--【Vedio Recommendation】8 Stages of Development by Erik Erikson
--【Literature Recommendation】Activity Theory, Disengagement Theory, and Successful Aging
--【Book Recommendation】Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies
-1.6 Elderly Support and Elderly Care
--1.6.1 Concepts of Elderly Healthcare, Elderly Support and Elderly Care
--1.6.2 Home-based Elderly Care Model
--1.6.3 Institutional Elderly Care Model
--1.6.4 Integrated Medical and Nursing Care Model
--【Vedio Recommendation】Day in the Life of Home Care
--【Website Recommendation】Official Website of the National Institutes of Health
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】General Introduction to Geronological Nursing
-【Test】CHAPTER 1
-2.1 Aging Changes in the Elderly
--2.1.1 Aging of the Respiratory System
--2.1.2 Aging of the Cardiovascular System
--2.1.3 Aging of the Digestive System
--2.1.4 Aging of the Urinary System
--2.1.5 Aging of the Endocrine System
--2.1.6 Aging of the Motor System
--2.1.7 Aging of the Nervous System
--2.1.8 Aging of the Sensory System
--【Literature Recommendation】Exercise Attenuates the Major Hallmarks of Aging
--【Book Recommendation】Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
-2.2 Comprehensive Health Assessment of the Elderly
--Comprehensive Health Assessment of the Elderly
--【Literature Recommendation】Instruments to evaluate mental well-being in old age: a systematic review
-2.3 Principles of Elderly Health Assessment
--Principles of Elderly Health Assessment
-2.4 Assessment of the Functional Status of the Elderly
--Assessment of the Functional Status of the Elderly
--【Literature Recommendation】The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale
-2.5 Assessment of Cognitive Function in the Elderly
--Assessment of Cognitive Function in the Elderly
-2.6 Assessment and Adjustment of the Living Environment for the Elderly
--Assessment and Adjustment of the Living Environment for the Elderly
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Elderly Health Assessment(1)
--【Concept Map】Elderly Health Assessment(2)
-【Test】CHAPTER 2
-3.1 Overview of the Psychological Characteristics of the Elderly
--Overview of the Psychological Characteristics of the Elderly
-3.2 Influencing Factors of Psychological Changes in the Elderly
--Influencing Factors of Psychological Changes in the Elderly
-3.3 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly
--3.3.1 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly (1)
--3.3.2 Common Psychological Issues and Their Management in the Elderly (2)
--【Book Recommendation】Development Through the Lifespan
-3.4 Depression in the Elderly
--3.4.1 Overview of Depression in the Elderly
--3.4.2 Clinical Symptoms of Depression in the Elderly
--3.4.3 Caring for Elderly Patients with Depression
--【Documentary Recommendation】Depression:Out of the Shadows
-3.5 Elderly Patients with Dementia
--3.5.1 Identification of Dementia Symptoms in the Elderly
--3.5.2 Intelligence Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Dementia
--3.5.3 Safety Care of Elderly Patients with Dementia
--【Website Recommendation】The Global Voice on Demaentia
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Elderly Mental Health and Mental Health Care
-【Test】CHAPTER 3
-4.1 Precautions for Daily Care of the Elderly
--Precautions for Daily Care of the Elderly
-4.2 General Care of Elderly Skin
--4.2.1 Characteristics and General Care of Elderly Skin
--4.2.2 Skin Itching and Its Management in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】American Academy of Dermatology
-4.3 Clothing Hygiene for the Elderly
--Clothing Hygiene for the Elderly
--【Literature Recommendation】The Design Methods of Functional Clothing for the Elderly
-4.4 Dietary Care for the Elderly
--4.4.1 Nutritional Needs of the Elderly and Influencing Factors of these Needs
--4.4.2 Dietary Care for the Elderly
--【Book Recommendation】Nutrition Care of the Older Adult: a Handbook for Dietetics
--【Website Recommendation】Nutrition for older persons
-4.5 Sleep Guidance for the Elderly
--4.5.1 Sleep Characteristics of the Elderly
--4.5.2 Sleep Guidance for the Elderly
--【Book Recommendation】An Occupational Therapist's Guide to Sleep and Sleep Problems
--【Website Recommendation】American Academy of Sleep Medicine
-4.6 Exercises Guidance for the Elderly
--4.6.1 Evaluation of Exercise Intensity in the Elderly
--4.6.2 Precautions Elderly Undertaking Exercises
--【Website Recommendation】American College of Sport Medicine
--【Book Recommendation】Handbook of Activities for the Elderly
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Elderly Daily Care
-【Test】CHAPTER 4
-5.1 Characteristics of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacodynamics in the Elderly
--Characteristics of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacodynamics in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】How Drugs Work In the Elderly
-5.2 Common Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Causes in the Elderly
--Common Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Causes in the Elderly
-5.3 The Principles of the Use of Medications in the Elderly
--The Principles of the Use of Medications in the Elderly
-5.4 Prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly
--Prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly
-5.5 Medication Compliance in the Elderly
--Medication Compliance in the Elderly
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Medication Safety and Care for the Elderly
-【Test】CHAPTER 5
-6.1 Falls in the Elderly
--6.1.1 Epidemiological Characteristics of Elderly Falls
--6.1.2 Risk Factors for Falls in the Elderly
--6.1.3 Prevention of Falls in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】CDC STEADI(Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries Tool Kit)
-6.2 Dysphagia in the Elderly
-6.3 Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly
--Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly
-6.4 Constipation in the Elderly
-6.5 Dry Mouth in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
-6.6 Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies
--Elderly Nutritional Deficiencies - emaciation
-6.7 Visual Impairment in the Elderly
--Visual Impairment in the Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】Senior Eye Exams
-6.8 Senile Deafness
-6.9 Elderly Delirium
-6.10 Elderly Frailty
--【Literature Recommendation】Frailty in elderly people/Frailty in older people
-6.11 Pneumonia in the Elderly
-6.12 Hypertension in the Elderly
--【Literature Recommendation】2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension
-6.13 Stroke in the Elderly
-6.14 Stable Angina in the Elderly
--Stable Angina in the Elderly
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Nursing Care for the Elderly with Common Health Problems and Diseases
-【Test】CHAPTER 6
-7.1 Concept of Hospice Care
--【Website Recommendation】 Definition of Palliative Care,WHO
-7.2 Death Education
--【Book Recommendation】The Meaning of Death by Herman Feife
-7.3 Nursing for Pain in the Dying Elderly
--Nursing for Pain in the Dying Elderly
-7.4 Nursing for Major Bleeding in the Dying Elderly
--Nursing for Major Bleeding in the Dying Elderly
-7.5 Nursing for Delirium in the Dying Elderly
--Nursing for Delirium in the Dying Elderly
-7.6 Nursing for Dyspnea in the Dying Elderly
--Nursing for Dyspnea in the Dying Elderly
--【Website Recommendation】The Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association,HPNA
-7.7 Psychological Problems and Nursing in the Dying Elderly
--Psychological Problems and Nursing in the Dying Elderly
--【Book Recommendation】On Death and Dying ,by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
-7.8 Grief Counseling for the Widowed Elderly
--Grief Counseling for the Widowed Elderly
--【Book Recommendation】I Wasn't Ready to Say Goodbye,by Noel·Brook,Blair·Pamela
-Concept Map
--【Concept Map】Hospice Care for the Elderly
-【Test】CHAPTER 7
-Final Exam