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今天我们来谈谈中国古代的四大发明
中国古代四大发明
在中国文化中因其历史意义而广受赞誉
并成为中国先进科学技术的象征
四大发明是指指南针
火药造纸术和印刷术
四大发明对中华文明和世界文明具有深远的影响
在造纸术发明之前
骨头 乌龟壳
和竹片都被用作书写面
随着中华文明的发展
这些大而笨重的材料不再适合作为书写载体
麻纤维和丝绸用于造纸
但质量远远不能令人满意
公元105年东汉宦官蔡伦
发明了用旧鱼网
树皮和布造纸
这些原材料很容易找到 成本低廉
因此可以生产大量的纸张
后来 造纸术传到了世界其他地方
如韩国 日本和欧洲
受到刻字印章的启发
中国人在公元600年左右发明了固定式雕版印刷术
在北宋仁宗年间
毕昇经过无数次试验发明了活动的
可重复使用的泥版印刷术
每种活字可通过依次排序做成印版
然后用于印刷特定书籍
这些活字可以重复利用
可以做成不同的印版用于印刷各种不同的书籍
战国时期 一种叫做“ 司南”的仪器
成为了指南针的先驱
司南是铁板上的一个勺状磁铁 勺柄指向南方
11世纪 人们发明了由磁铁制成的细针
针的一端指向北方另一端指向南方
指南针就这样诞生了
在中国 火药被称为火烧药
意思是燃烧的药物
与造纸术和印刷术不同
火药的诞生纯属偶然
它最初是由炼金术士在试图制造长生不老药时无意中发明的
火药是硫磺 硝石和木炭的混合物
唐朝末期
火药被用于军事
宋元时期
频繁的战争促进了大炮和火箭筒的发明
12--13世纪
火药先后传到阿拉伯国家
希腊及欧洲其他国家
最后传遍世界
四大发明是中国古代先民留给世界的一串光辉的足迹
今天就到这
谢谢收看 下次见
-1.1 Chinese knot
-1.2 The panda
-1.3 Cheongsam
-1.4 The Great Wall
-1.5 Confucius
-1.6 Four Great Inventions of Ancient China
-1.7 Kung Fu
--Kung Fu
-1.8 Traditional Chinese Medicine
--Traditional Chinese Medicine
-Unit 1 test
--第一单元测验
-Discussion questions
--讨论题
-2.1 Baozi
--Baozi
-2.2 The Tea Ceremony
-2.3 Tangyuan
--Tangyuan
-2.4 Sugar Figurine
-2.5 Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick
--Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick
-2.6 The Alcohol
-2.7 Chinese Eight Cuisines
-2.8 Bowls and Chopsticks
-2.9 Hot-Pot
--Hot-Pot
-2.10 Dumplings
-Unit 2 test
--第二单元测验
-Discussion questions
--讨论题
-3.1 Xiangsheng
-3.2 Chinese Characters
-3.3 Chinese Dialect Groups
-3.4 Chinese Opera
-Unit 3 test
--第三单元测试
-Discussion questions
--讨论题
-4.1 The Poetry in the Tang Dynasty
--The Poetry in the Tang Dynasty
-4.2 The Poetry in the Song and Yuan Dynasties
--The Poetry in the Song and Yuan Dynasties
-4.3 Chinese Historical Tales
-4.4 Chinese Fable
-4.5 Modern Chinese Novels
-4.6 Chinese Painting
-4.7 Flower Arrangement
-4.8 The Art of Calligraphy
-4.9 Bada Shanren
-4.10 Xiang Qi ,the Chinese Chess
-4.11 Weiqi
--Weiqi
-4.12 Lion Dance
-4.13 Chinese Folk Music
-Unit 4 test
--第四单元测试
-Discussion questions
--讨论题
-5.1 The Spring Festival
-5.2 Lantern Festival
-5.3 Tomb Sweeping Day
-5.4 Dragon Boat Festival
-5.5 Qixi Festival
-5.6 The Mid-Autumn Festival
-5.7 Double Ninth Festival
-5.8 The Laba Festival
-Unit 5 Test
--Test
-Discussion questions
-6.1 Chinese Gardens
-6.2 Courtyard House
-6.3 Hutong
--Hutong
-6.4 Huizhou Architecture
-6.5 Buddhist temples and pagodas
--Buddhist temples and pagodas
-6.6 Chinese palaces
-6.7 Zhaozhou Bridge
-6.8 Buildings of Classical Learning Academies
--Buildings of Classical Learning Academies
-6.9 Memorial Archway
-Unit 6 Test
--Unit 6 Test
-Discussion questions
-7.1 Terracotta Warriors
-7.2 The Potala Palace
-7.3 Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang
-7.4 Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang City
--Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang City
-7.5 Shaolin Monastery
-7.6 The Forbidden City
-7.7 Temple of Heaven
-7.8 Chengde Mountain Resort in Chengde
--Chengde Mountain Resort in Chengde
-7.9 Pingyao
--Pingyao
-7.10 Lijiang Old Town
--LIjiang
-Unit 7 Test
--Unit 7 Test
-Discussion questions
-8.1 Jade burial suit
-8.2 Bianzhong
-8.3 Four-goats Square Zun
-8.4 Along the River During the Qingming Festival
--Along the River During the Qingming Festival
-Unit 8 Test
--Unit 8 Test
-Discussion questions
-9.1 Table Manners
-9.2 Birthday Celebration Customs
--Birthday Celebration Customs
-9.3 Chinese Wedding and Funeral Custom
--Chinese Wedding and Funeral Custom
-9.4 Honor the Teacher and Stress Education
--Honor the Teacher and Stress Education
-9.5 Social Etiquette
-9.6 Secretive Twelve Chinese Zodiac Signs
--Secretive Twelve Chinese Zodiac Signs
-9.7 Filial Piety
-9.8 Worship Rituals
-9.9 Gift Culture
-9.10 Temple Fair
-9.11 Honesty and Trustworthiness
-9.12 Hundred Family Surnames
-9.13 Family Roots
-9.14 The Spring Festival Couplets
--The Spring Festival Couplets
-9.15 The Spring Festival Pictures
--The Spring Festival Pictures
-9.16 Exchanging Red Envelopes
-Unit 9 Test
--Unit 9 Test
-Discussion questions
-10.1 Chinese Paper Cutting
-10.2 Printing and Dyeing
-10.3 Porcelain
-10.4 Chinese Kite
-10.5 Colorful Lantern
-10.6 Folk Toys
-10.7 Writing Brush
-10.8 The Art of Seals
-10.9 Chinese Embroidery
-10.10 Stone Carving
-10.11 Abacus
--Abacus
-10.12 Seal Carving
-10.13 The Shadow Puppetry
-10.14 Beijing Dough Figurines
-Unit 10 Test
--Unit 10 Test
-Discussion questions
-11.1 Mount Tai
-11.2 Mount Huangshan
-11.3 Mount Wutai
-11.4 Qomolangma
-11.5 Zhangjiajie Forest Park
-11.6 Guilin Scenery
-11.7 JiuZhaigou
-11.8 Hulunbeier Grassland
-11.9 Huang guoshu Waterfall
-11.10 Gulangyu
--Gulangyu
-11.11 West lake
-- West lake
-11.12 Qinghai Lake
-11.13 Mount Lushan
-Unit 11 Test
--Unit 11 Test
-Discussion questions