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接下来我们给大家介绍快滤池的构成和工作过程
快滤池的形式有多种
包括普通快滤池、虹吸滤池、无阀滤池、移动罩滤池、V型滤池等
虽然快滤池的形式不同,但主要构成和基本工作(过程)是一样的
下面我们以普通快滤池为例,介绍快滤池的主要构成
这个图是普通快滤池的结构示意图
我们从底部开始介绍,首先是配水系统
在过滤过程中起收集清水,在冲洗过程中起分配反冲洗水的作用
然后是铺设在配水系统之上的承托层,也称为垫层
承托层之上是滤料层,是截留水中杂质颗粒的主体
然后是冲洗排水槽,在冲洗过程中起收集冲洗水的作用
最后是集水渠,与冲洗排水渠相连,收集冲洗水并排出池外
快滤池的工作过程包括过滤过程和冲洗过程
过滤过程是截留杂质、生产清洁水的过程
而冲洗过程是把截留在滤层中的杂质冲洗出去,使之恢复过滤能力的过程
下面我们先来看看过滤过程是如何进行的
在过滤过程中,先关闭排水管阀门、冲洗水管阀门
开启进水管阀门、清水管阀门
原水沿进水管进入,经集水渠、冲洗排水槽,进入滤池
自上而下,通过滤料层、承托层,然后由配水系统收集,并经清水管排出
在原水通过滤料层的过程中,原水中的杂质就会被滤料层截留
经过一段时间的运行,滤层中截留的杂质逐渐累积
使得滤层的孔隙不断减少,导致过滤阻力逐渐增加
当过滤阻力增加到最高允许值,大约在1.5-3.0米时,或出水浊度超过标准时
应停止过滤,对滤池进行冲洗
下面我们来看看冲洗过程
在冲洗过程中,关闭进水管阀门、清水管阀门,开启冲洗水管阀门、排水管阀门
冲洗水从下而上通过配水系统、承托层、滤料层
并由冲洗排水槽收集,经集水渠汇集后排出
在冲洗过程中,水流使滤料层膨胀、悬浮,滤料颗粒之间相互摩擦
附着在滤料表面的杂质被冲刷下来,由冲洗水带走
当冲洗一段时间,滤料层中的杂质被冲洗干净时
滤料便恢复了截留杂质的能力,此时冲洗过程结束
过滤周期是指从过滤开始到过滤终止的时间
其长短与原水水质、滤速、滤层规格等有关,一般应大于12-24h
冲洗周期是指冲洗开始到冲洗终止的时间,一般几分钟
工作周期是指从过滤开始到冲洗终止的时间
以上这就是快滤池的工作过程
在过滤过程中,杂质会不断累积,导致过滤阻力逐渐增加
那么随着过滤过程的进行,水头损失是如何变化的呢?
这就是下一节我们要讨论的问题
-0-2 Water treatment process
-0-3 Wastewater treatment process
--0-3 Wastewater treatment process
-Chap 0 Homeworks
-1-1 Introduction
-1-2 Properties of colloids
-1-3 Mechanisms and process of coagulation and flocculation
--1-3 Mechanisms of coagulation and flocculation
-1-4 Coagulant and coagulant aids
-- 1-4 Coagulant and coagulant aids
-1-5 Kinetics of coagulation and flocculation
--1-5 Kinetics of coagulation and flocculation
-1-6 Factors affecting the coagulation performance
--1-6 Factors affecting the coagulation performance
-1-7 Facilities for coagulation and flocculation
--1-7 Facilities for coagulation and flocculation
-Chapter 1 Homeworks
-2-1 Introduction
-2-2 Discrete particle settling
--2-2 Discrete particle settling
-2-3 Flocculent settling
-2-4 Zone settling
-2-5 Rectangular settling tank
--2-5 Rectangular settling tanks
-2-6 Process calculation of rectangular settling tanks
--2-6 Process calculation of rectangular settling tanks
-2-7 Vertical Flow (up-flow ) and radial flow settling tank
--2-7 Vertical Flow (up-flow ) and radial flow settling tank
-2-8 Plated sedimentation tank
--2-8 Plated sedimentation tank
-2-9 Clarification pool
-3D interactive demonstration for settling tanks
-Chapter 2 Homework (part 1)
-Chapter 2 Homework (part 2)
-3-1 Introduction
-3-2 Theoretical foundation of air floatation
--3-2 Theoretical foundation of air floatation
-3-3 Pressurized dissolved air flotation
--3-3 Pressurized dissolved air flotation
-Chapter 3 Homework
-4-1 Introduction
-4-2 Structure and process of conventional rapid filter
--4-2 Structure and process of conventional rapid filter
-4-3 Water head loss of filter
--4-3 Water head loss of filter
-4-4 Filtration method of filter
--4-4 Filtration method of filter
-4-5 Filter media
-4-6 Water distribution system
--4-6 Water distribution system
-4-7 Filter backwashing
-4-8 Siphon filter
-4-9 Gravity valveless filter
--4-9 Gravity valveless filter
-4-10 Movable hood filter
-3D interactive demonstration for filtration tanks
--Usage and description for 3-D demonstration
-Chapter 4 Homework
-5-1 Introduction
-5-2 Influence factors of disinfection
--5-2 Influence factors of disinfection
-5-3 Chlorine disinfection
-5-4 Chlorine dioxide disinfection
--5-4 Chlorine dioxide disinfection
-5-5 Ultraviolet disinfection
--5-5 Ultraviolet disinfection
-Chapter 5 Homework
-6-1 Ion-exchange resin
-6-2 Properties of ion-exchange reactions
--6-2 Properties of ion-exchange reactions
-6-3 Properties of cation exchange resin
--6-3 Properties of cation exchange resin
-6-4 Properties of anion exchange resin
--6-4 Properties of anion exchange resin
-6-5 Softening system using ion exchange
--6-5 Softening system using ion exchange
-6-6 Desalination system using ion exchange
--6-6 Desalination system using ion exchange
-6-7 Ion-exchange equipment
-6-8 Treatment of industrial wastewater by ion-exchange method
--6-8 Treatment of industrial wastewater by ion-exchange method
-Chapter 6 Homework
-7-1 Introduction
-7-2 Principle and characteristics of electrodialysis
--7-2 Principle and characteristics of electrodialysis
-7-3 Configuration of electrodialysis unit
--7-3 Configuration of electrodialysis unit
-7-4 Operating parameters for electrodialysis unit
--7-4 Operating parameters for electrodialysis unit
-7-5 Principle and process of reverse osmosis
--7-5 Principle and process of reverse osmosis
-7-6 Operating parameters for reverse osmosis
--7-6 Operating parameters for reverse osmosis
-7-7 Principles and characteristics of UF and MF
--7-7 Principles and characteristics of UF and MF
-7-8 Design of ultrafiltration and microfiltration process
--7-8 Design of ultrafiltration and microfiltration process
-Chapter 7 Homework
-8-1 Fundamental knowledge and classification
--8-1 Fundamental knowledge and classification
-8-2 Ozonation
-8-3 Photo-catalytic oxidation
--8-3 Photo-catalytic oxidation
-8-4 Supercritical water oxidation
--8-4 Supercritical water oxidation
-8-5 Electrolysis
-Chapter 8 Homework
-9-1 Introduction
-9-2 Adsorption equilibrium and adsorption isotherm
--9-2 Adsorption equilibrium and adsorption isotherm
-9-3 Adsorption breakthrough curve
--9-3 Adsorption breakthrough curve
-Chapter 9 Homework